Ziyosfera

Bosh Sahifa: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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„Bosh Sahifa“ sahifasi himoyalandi ([Tahrir=Faqat administratorlar] (cheksiz) [Koʻchirish=Faqat administratorlar] (cheksiz))
'''Tuberkuloma''' – [[Sil|sil kasalligining]] klinik ko'rinishi sanalib, silni qattiq bo'lakka aylantiradi va shu sababli tibbiy ko'rish tadqiqotlarida ko'plab turdagi [[Saraton (kasallik)|saraton]] [[Neoplasm|o'smalarini]] taqlid qilinishi mumkin<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Tuberculosis mimicking cancer--a reminder|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=76|issue=5|pages=822–5|date=May 1984|pmid=6720729|doi=10.1016/0002-9343(84)90993-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Tuberculosis and cancer: a complex and dangerous liaison|journal=The Lancet. Oncology|volume=12|issue=6|pages=520–2|date=June 2011|pmid=21624773|doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70105-X}}</ref>. Ular asosan tuberkulyozning asosiy infektsiyasi yaxshi nazorat qilinmagan insonlarda paydo bo'ladi<ref name=":0">{{Kitob manbasi |title=Clinical tuberculosis |date=2020 |editor=Lloyd N. Friedman |isbn=978-1-351-24998-0 |edition=Sixth |location=Boca Raton, FL |oclc=1145905400}}</ref>. Tuberkulomalar intrakranial tarzda paydo bo'lganda, ular CNS sil kasalligining namoyon bo'lishini bildiradi<ref name=":0" />. Bu [[Sil|birlamchi kompleksning]] evolyutsiyasi bo'lgani sabab tuberkulyomalarda kazeum yoxudkalsifikatsiya bo'lishi mumkin.
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Vaqt o'tish mobaynida ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis|tuberculosis mikobakteriyasi]]'' [[Kalsiy|kaltsiy]] kristallarga aylanishi mumkin. Ular miya<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Cerebral tuberculoma|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_thorax_2006-10_61_10/page/922|journal=Thorax|volume=61|issue=10|pages=922|date=October 2006|pmid=17008487|pmc=2104774|doi=10.1136/thx.2005.054932}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Brain tuberculomas, tubercular meningitis, and post-tubercular hydrocephalus in children|journal=Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences|volume=6|issue=Suppl 1|pages=S96–S100|date=October 2011|pmid=22069437|pmc=3208909|doi=10.4103/1817-1745.85725}}</ref> ichak<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Tuberculoma of the Caecum: Hyperplastic Tuberculosis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-surgery_1925-04_81_4/page/800|journal=Annals of Surgery|volume=81|issue=4|pages=801–20|date=April 1925|pmid=17865239|pmc=1399989|doi=10.1097/00000658-192504000-00009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Concomitant tuberculosis and carcinoma colon: coincidence or causal nexus?|journal=Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=16|issue=4|pages=292–4|year=2010|pmid=20871197|pmc=2995101|doi=10.4103/1319-3767.70619}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Jejunal adenocarcinoma: an elusive diagnosis|journal=Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology|volume=2|issue=3|pages=197–201|date=September 2011|pmid=22942611|pmc=3272177|doi=10.1007/s13193-011-0101-7}}</ref>, tuxumdonlar<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Peritoneal tuberculosis mimicking advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_obstetrics-and-gynecology_2007-12_110_6/page/1417|journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=110|issue=6|pages=1417–9|date=December 2007|pmid=18055741|doi=10.1097/01.AOG.0000295653.32975.4a}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Isolated ovarian tuberculosis mimicking ovarian carcinoma: case report and literature review|journal=African Journal of Infectious Diseases|volume=5|issue=1|pages=7–10|year=2011|pmid=23878702|pmc=3497843|doi=10.4314/ajid.v5i1.66508}}</ref>, ko'krak<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Tuberculosis of the breast|journal=Annals of Thoracic Medicine|volume=3|issue=3|pages=110–4|date=July 2008|pmid=19561892|pmc=2700437|doi=10.4103/1817-1737.41918}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Isolated primary breast tuberculosis: report of three cases and review of the literature|journal=Clinics|volume=64|issue=6|pages=607–10|year=2009|pmid=19578668|pmc=2705158|doi=10.1590/S1807-59322009000600019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Mammary tuberculosis -- importance of recognition and differentiation from that of a breast malignancy: report of three cases and review of the literature|journal=World Journal of Surgical Oncology|volume=5|pages=67|date=June 2007|pmid=17577397|pmc=1910599|doi=10.1186/1477-7819-5-67}}</ref>, o'pka<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Facts and fiction of the relationship between preexisting tuberculosis and lung cancer risk: a systematic review|journal=International Journal of Cancer|volume=125|issue=12|pages=2936–44|date=December 2009|pmid=19521963|doi=10.1002/ijc.24636|display-authors=etal}}</ref> kabi har qanday organga ta'sir o'tkazish mumkin<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Facts and fiction of the relationship between preexisting tuberculosis and lung cancer risk: a systematic review|journal=International Journal of Cancer|volume=125|issue=12|pages=2936–44|date=December 2009|pmid=19521963|doi=10.1002/ijc.24636|display-authors=etal}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The calcified lung nodule: What does it mean?|journal=Annals of Thoracic Medicine|volume=5|issue=2|pages=67–79|date=April 2010|pmid=20582171|pmc=2883201|doi=10.4103/1817-1737.62469}}</ref>, qizilo'ngach<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Unusual presentation of esophageal tuberculosis mimicking malignancy|journal=Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=14|issue=2|pages=103–4|date=April 2008|pmid=19568514|pmc=2702907|doi=10.4103/1319-3767.39632}}</ref>, oshqozon bezi<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Hepatobiliary and pancreatic tuberculosis: a two decade experience|journal=BMC Surgery|volume=7|issue=1|pages=10|date=June 2007|pmid=17588265|pmc=1925057|doi=10.1186/1471-2482-7-10}}</ref>, suyaklar<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Dangerous errors in the diagnosis and treatment of bony tuberculosis|journal=Deutsches Ärzteblatt International|volume=106|issue=36|pages=573–7|date=September 2009|pmid=19890413|pmc=2770211|doi=10.3238/arztebl.2009.0573}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Tuberculosis of the foot: An osteolytic variety|journal=Indian Journal of Orthopaedics|volume=46|issue=2|pages=206–11|date=March 2012|pmid=22448060|pmc=3308663|doi=10.4103/0019-5413.93683}}</ref> va boshqalar. Hattoki ko'rsatmalarga asoslangan davolanish tufayli ular ko'pincha bir necha oylar balki yillargacha davom etishi mumkin<ref name=":0">{{Kitob manbasi |title=Clinical tuberculosis |date=2020 |editor=Lloyd N. Friedman |isbn=978-1-351-24998-0 |edition=Sixth |location=Boca Raton, FL |oclc=1145905400}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLloyd_N._FriedmanMartin_DedicoatP._D._O._Davies2020">Lloyd N. Friedman; Martin Dedicoat; P. D. O. Davies, eds. (2020). ''Clinical tuberculosis'' (Sixth&nbsp;ed.). Boca Raton, FL. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Maxsus:Kitob manbalari/978-1-351-24998-0|<bdi>978-1-351-24998-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifikator)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1145905400 1145905400].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Andoza:Kitob manbasi|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([[:Turkum:CS1 ta'minoti: joylashuvda noshir yo'q|link]])</span>
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== Ishlashi ==
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Tuberkuloma rivojlanishining aniq mexanizmi topilmagan, lekin bir nechta nazariyalar taklifi kelib tushgan. [[Bakteriyemiya|Bakteremiyaga]] olib keladigan dastlabki sil infektsiyasidan so'ng, [[Granulyoma|granulomatoz yallig'lanish]] o'choqlari kazeoz tuberkulyomaga qo'shilishi  mumkin<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=Gupta |first=Monica |title=CNS Tuberculosis |date=2022 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585138/ |work=StatPearls |access-date=2022-10-31 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=36256788 |last2=Munakomi |first2=Sunil}}</ref>. O'pka tuberkulyomasi nekrozning takroriy tsikllari va o'choqlarning qayta inkapsulyatsiyasi yoxud muqobil ravishda kapsulalangan zichliklarning qisqarishi va qo'shilishi natijasida paydo bo'lishi mumkin<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first1=H. S.|last2=Oh|first2=J. Y.|last3=Lee|first3=J. H.|last4=Yoo|first4=C. G.|last5=Lee|first5=C. T.|last6=Kim|first6=Y. W.|last7=Han|first7=S. K.|last8=Shim|first8=Y. S.|last9=Yim|first9=J. J.|date=March 2004|title=Response of pulmonary tuberculomas to anti-tuberculous treatment|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=23|issue=3|pages=452–455|doi=10.1183/09031936.04.00087304|issn=0903-1936|pmid=15065838}}</ref>.
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CNS tuberkulyomasi bilan bog'liq holatda, mikobakteriya tuberkulyozi bakterial tayoqchalar xilma-xil immunologik hujayralar orqali sitokinlarning chiqarilishini qo'zg'atgandan keyin [[Gemato-ensefalik baryer|, qon miya to'sig'iga]] kirib borishi mumkin, bu esa to'siq o'tkazuvchanligini o'sishiga sabab bo'ladi<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Perez-Malagon|first1=Carlos David|last2=Barrera-Rodriguez|first2=Raul|last3=Lopez-Gonzalez|first3=Miguel A.|last4=Alva-Lopez|first4=Luis F.|date=December 2021|title=Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature|journal=Cureus|volume=13|issue=12|pages=e20133|doi=10.7759/cureus.20133|issn=2168-8184|pmc=8648135|pmid=34900500}}</ref>. O'pka tuberkulyomalariga kabi, kichik jarohatlar oxir-oqibat birlashadi va nekroz va kengayishdan o'tadi<ref name=":1" />.
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Semptomlar tuberkulyomaning turgan joyiga bog'liq. Kichik, tarqoq lezyonlar asemptomatik bo'lishi mumkin. Bolalardagi intrakranial tuberkulyomalar ko'pincha infratentorial sanalib, [[Miyacha|serebellum]] va miyaning asosi yaqinida sodir bo'ladi. Bu populyatsiyada [[Meningit|meningitli]] yoxud menenjitsiz papillomaga<ref name=":0">{{Kitob manbasi |title=Clinical tuberculosis |date=2020 |editor=Lloyd N. Friedman |isbn=978-1-351-24998-0 |edition=Sixth |location=Boca Raton, FL |oclc=1145905400}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLloyd_N._FriedmanMartin_DedicoatP._D._O._Davies2020">Lloyd N. Friedman; Martin Dedicoat; P. D. O. Davies, eds. (2020). ''Clinical tuberculosis'' (Sixth&nbsp;ed.). Boca Raton, FL. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Maxsus:Kitob manbalari/978-1-351-24998-0|<bdi>978-1-351-24998-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifikator)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1145905400 1145905400].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Andoza:Kitob manbasi|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([[:Turkum:CS1 ta'minoti: joylashuvda noshir yo'q|link]])</span>
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[[Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher]]</ref> ravishda [[Bosh ogʻrigʻi|bosh og'rig'i]], isitma, fokal nevrologik topilmalar va tutilishlar singari alomatlar kuzatilgan<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=Gupta |first=Monica |title=CNS Tuberculosis |date=2022 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585138/ |work=StatPearls |access-date=2022-10-31 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=36256788 |last2=Munakomi |first2=Sunil}}<cite class="citation cs2" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGuptaMunakomi2022">Gupta, Monica; Munakomi, Sunil (2022), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585138/ "CNS Tuberculosis"], ''StatPearls'', Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36256788 36256788]<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-31</span></span></cite></ref>. Miya sopi tuberkulyomasi [[To'rtinchi qorincha|to'rtinchi qorinchaning]] torayishi darajasiga yetganda, [[Bosh istisqosi|obstruktiv gidrosefali]] va unga bog'liq alomatlar sodir bo'lishi mumkin<ref name=":2" />. Araxnoidga birlashgan tuberkulyomalarning yorilishi [[Araxnoidit|araxnoiditga]] sabab bo'lishi mumkin <ref name=":3">{{Kitob manbasi |title=Office practice of neurology |date=2003 |publisher=Churchill Livingstone |editor=Martin A. Samuels |isbn=978-0-7020-3588-3 |edition=2nd |location=Philadelphia |oclc=324998368}}</ref>, subaraknoid bo'shliq yoxud qorincha tizimi yonida yorilishi meningitga sabab bo'lishi mumkin<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Perez-Malagon|first1=Carlos David|last2=Barrera-Rodriguez|first2=Raul|last3=Lopez-Gonzalez|first3=Miguel A.|last4=Alva-Lopez|first4=Luis F.|date=December 2021|title=Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature|journal=Cureus|volume=13|issue=12|pages=e20133|doi=10.7759/cureus.20133|issn=2168-8184|pmc=8648135|pmid=34900500}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPerez-MalagonBarrera-RodriguezLopez-GonzalezAlva-Lopez2021">Perez-Malagon, Carlos David; Barrera-Rodriguez, Raul; Lopez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.; Alva-Lopez, Luis F. (December 2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8648135 "Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature"]. ''Cureus''. '''13''' (12): e20133. [[Raqamli obyekt identifikatori(DOI)|doi]]:[[doi:10.7759/cureus.20133|10.7759/cureus.20133]]. [[Xalqaro standart seriya raqami|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:2168-8184|2168-8184]]. [[PMC (identifikator)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8648135 8648135]</span>. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34900500 34900500].</cite></ref>.
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== Diagnostika ==
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Tuberkuloma diagnostikasi qiyin bo'lishi sanaladi, chunki invaziv tekshiruv talab qilinish mumkin va vaqti-vaqti bilan birga paydo bo'ladigon malign o'sma paydo bo'lishadi<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first1=H. S.|last2=Oh|first2=J. Y.|last3=Lee|first3=J. H.|last4=Yoo|first4=C. G.|last5=Lee|first5=C. T.|last6=Kim|first6=Y. W.|last7=Han|first7=S. K.|last8=Shim|first8=Y. S.|last9=Yim|first9=J. J.|date=March 2004|title=Response of pulmonary tuberculomas to anti-tuberculous treatment|journal=The European Respiratory Journal|volume=23|issue=3|pages=452–455|doi=10.1183/09031936.04.00087304|issn=0903-1936|pmid=15065838}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLeeOhLeeYoo2004">Lee, H. S.; Oh, J. Y.; Lee, J. H.; Yoo, C. G.; Lee, C. T.; Kim, Y. W.; Han, S. K.; Shim, Y. S.; Yim, J. J. (March 2004). [[doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00087304|"Response of pulmonary tuberculomas to anti-tuberculous treatment"]]. ''The European Respiratory Journal''. '''23''' (3): 452–455. [[Raqamli obyekt identifikatori(DOI)|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00087304|10.1183/09031936.04.00087304]]</span>. [[Xalqaro standart seriya raqami|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:0903-1936|0903-1936]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15065838 15065838]. [[S2CID (identifikator)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16186172 16186172].</cite></ref>. Tuberkuloma sabab og'rigan kichik yoshdagi bolalarda TST/ IGRA musbat bo'lishiga qaramay, CXR ko'pincha normal hisoblanadi<ref name=":0">{{Kitob manbasi |title=Clinical tuberculosis |date=2020 |editor=Lloyd N. Friedman |isbn=978-1-351-24998-0 |edition=Sixth |location=Boca Raton, FL |oclc=1145905400}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLloyd_N._FriedmanMartin_DedicoatP._D._O._Davies2020">Lloyd N. Friedman; Martin Dedicoat; P. D. O. Davies, eds. (2020). ''Clinical tuberculosis'' (Sixth&nbsp;ed.). Boca Raton, FL. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Maxsus:Kitob manbalari/978-1-351-24998-0|<bdi>978-1-351-24998-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifikator)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1145905400 1145905400].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Andoza:Kitob manbasi|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([[:Turkum:CS1 ta'minoti: joylashuvda noshir yo'q|link]])</span>
[[Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher]]</ref>.


Miya tuberkulyomasi diagnostikasi [[Likvor|miya omurilik suyuqligining]] [[Polimeraza zanjiri reaktsiyasi|PCR]] yordamida sabab berishi mumkin, lekin lezyonlarni tezda tashxislash yoki davolash uchun unchalik foyda bermaydi<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Perez-Malagon|first1=Carlos David|last2=Barrera-Rodriguez|first2=Raul|last3=Lopez-Gonzalez|first3=Miguel A.|last4=Alva-Lopez|first4=Luis F.|date=December 2021|title=Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature|journal=Cureus|volume=13|issue=12|pages=e20133|doi=10.7759/cureus.20133|issn=2168-8184|pmc=8648135|pmid=34900500}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPerez-MalagonBarrera-RodriguezLopez-GonzalezAlva-Lopez2021">Perez-Malagon, Carlos David; Barrera-Rodriguez, Raul; Lopez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.; Alva-Lopez, Luis F. (December 2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8648135 "Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature"]. ''Cureus''. '''13''' (12): e20133. [[Raqamli obyekt identifikatori(DOI)|doi]]:[[doi:10.7759/cureus.20133|10.7759/cureus.20133]]. [[Xalqaro standart seriya raqami|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:2168-8184|2168-8184]]. [[PMC (identifikator)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8648135 8648135]</span>. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34900500 34900500].</cite></ref>. Tuberkulomaga shubha qilingan kasallarda CSF tahlil qilinganda, ba'zan yuqori protein konsentratsiyasi va hujayralar soni kuzatiladi<ref name=":5">{{Kitob manbasi |title=The microbiology of central nervous system infections |date=2018 |editor=Kateryna Kon |isbn=978-0-12-813807-6 |location=London |oclc=1023628139}}</ref>.
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Aniq diagnostikani stereotaktik, KT bo'yicha biopsiya yordamida amalga oshirish mumkin, ba'zi hollarda eksizyon talab qilinadi. Biopsiya invaziv bo'lmagan testlar tashxis aniqlanayotganda muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraganda, kasallar davolanish rejimiga javob bermasa, dorilarga chidamli sil kasalligi va to'g'ri kelmaydigan bemorlar tanlanadi<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Perez-Malagon|first1=Carlos David|last2=Barrera-Rodriguez|first2=Raul|last3=Lopez-Gonzalez|first3=Miguel A.|last4=Alva-Lopez|first4=Luis F.|date=December 2021|title=Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature|journal=Cureus|volume=13|issue=12|pages=e20133|doi=10.7759/cureus.20133|issn=2168-8184|pmc=8648135|pmid=34900500}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPerez-MalagonBarrera-RodriguezLopez-GonzalezAlva-Lopez2021">Perez-Malagon, Carlos David; Barrera-Rodriguez, Raul; Lopez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.; Alva-Lopez, Luis F. (December 2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8648135 "Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature"]. ''Cureus''. '''13''' (12): e20133. [[Raqamli obyekt identifikatori(DOI)|doi]]:[[doi:10.7759/cureus.20133|10.7759/cureus.20133]]. [[Xalqaro standart seriya raqami|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:2168-8184|2168-8184]]. [[PMC (identifikator)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8648135 8648135]</span>. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34900500 34900500].</cite></ref>.
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=== Tasvirlash ===
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Rasmda tuberkulomaning tasvirlanishi massaning tarkibi va yoshi orqali farq qilishini ko'rish mumkin. Ular kazeatsiz yoxud qattiq kazeatsiyalangan lezyonlar kabi ko'rinishi mumkin<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=Gupta |first=Monica |title=CNS Tuberculosis |date=2022 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585138/ |work=StatPearls |access-date=2022-10-31 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=36256788 |last2=Munakomi |first2=Sunil}}<cite class="citation cs2" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGuptaMunakomi2022">Gupta, Monica; Munakomi, Sunil (2022), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585138/ "CNS Tuberculosis"], ''StatPearls'', Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36256788 36256788]<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-31</span></span></cite></ref>. Birinchi, tuberkulyomalar [[kompyuter tomografiyasi]] orqali (KT) gipodenziya ko'rinadi va atrofda [[shish]] paydo bo'ladi<ref name=":3">{{Kitob manbasi |title=Office practice of neurology |date=2003 |publisher=Churchill Livingstone |editor=Martin A. Samuels |isbn=978-0-7020-3588-3 |edition=2nd |location=Philadelphia |oclc=324998368}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMartin_A._SamuelsSteven_K._Feske2003">Martin A. Samuels; Steven K. Feske, eds. (2003). ''Office practice of neurology'' (2nd&nbsp;ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Maxsus:Kitob manbalari/978-0-7020-3588-3|<bdi>978-0-7020-3588-3</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifikator)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/324998368 324998368].</cite></ref><ref name=":0">{{Kitob manbasi |title=Clinical tuberculosis |date=2020 |editor=Lloyd N. Friedman |isbn=978-1-351-24998-0 |edition=Sixth |location=Boca Raton, FL |oclc=1145905400}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLloyd_N._FriedmanMartin_DedicoatP._D._O._Davies2020">Lloyd N. Friedman; Martin Dedicoat; P. D. O. Davies, eds. (2020). ''Clinical tuberculosis'' (Sixth&nbsp;ed.). Boca Raton, FL. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Maxsus:Kitob manbalari/978-1-351-24998-0|<bdi>978-1-351-24998-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifikator)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1145905400 1145905400].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Andoza:Kitob manbasi|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([[:Turkum:CS1 ta'minoti: joylashuvda noshir yo'q|link]])</span>
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[[Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher]]</ref>. "Nishon belgisi" KTda tuberkulyoma uchun patognomonik bo'lib, tugunli halqani kuchaytiruvchi massa va markaziy kalsifikatsiyaga ega<ref name=":5">{{Kitob manbasi |title=The microbiology of central nervous system infections |date=2018 |editor=Kateryna Kon |isbn=978-0-12-813807-6 |location=London |oclc=1023628139}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKateryna_KonMahendra_Rai2018">Kateryna Kon; Mahendra Rai, eds. (2018). ''The microbiology of central nervous system infections''. London. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Maxsus:Kitob manbalari/978-0-12-813807-6|<bdi>978-0-12-813807-6</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifikator)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1023628139 1023628139].</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Andoza:Kitob manbasi|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([[:Turkum:CS1 ta'minoti: joylashuvda noshir yo'q|link]])</span>
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[[Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher]]</ref><ref name=":2" />. Xarakterli halqali ko'rinish o'rta nekrotik yadroda qon ta'minoti tanqisligi bilan bog'liq bo'lib, u kontrastli kontrast orqali tasvirlangan<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Perez-Malagon|first1=Carlos David|last2=Barrera-Rodriguez|first2=Raul|last3=Lopez-Gonzalez|first3=Miguel A.|last4=Alva-Lopez|first4=Luis F.|date=December 2021|title=Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature|journal=Cureus|volume=13|issue=12|pages=e20133|doi=10.7759/cureus.20133|issn=2168-8184|pmc=8648135|pmid=34900500}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPerez-MalagonBarrera-RodriguezLopez-GonzalezAlva-Lopez2021">Perez-Malagon, Carlos David; Barrera-Rodriguez, Raul; Lopez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.; Alva-Lopez, Luis F. (December 2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8648135 "Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature"]. ''Cureus''. '''13''' (12): e20133. [[Raqamli obyekt identifikatori(DOI)|doi]]:[[doi:10.7759/cureus.20133|10.7759/cureus.20133]]. [[Xalqaro standart seriya raqami|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:2168-8184|2168-8184]]. [[PMC (identifikator)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8648135 8648135]</span>. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34900500 34900500].</cite></ref>. Ba'zida kalsifikatsiya o'rniga hipodens markaziy hududi ko'rinadi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |title=Aminoff's neurology and general medicine |date=2021 |editor=Michael J. Aminoff |isbn=978-0-12-819307-5 |edition=Sixth |location=London |oclc=1235762322}}</ref>. Differentsial diagnosda [[Sistitserkoz|tsisterkoz]], [[Yiring|pyogenik]] xo'ppoz va [[Neoplasm|neoplastik]] lezyonlar singari potentsial intrakranial massalar ko'rib chiqishda tuberkulomani katta o'lchami (>2) orqali bilish mumkin.&nbsp;sm), shish yoki tartibsiz chegarasi.
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Imom al-Buxoriy yodgorlik majmuasi.
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Oʻzbekiston shaxmat terma jamoasi
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