Bunyon sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Hallux valgus''' deb ham nom olgan '''bunyon''', bosh barmog'ini oyoq bilan bog'laydigan bo'g'imning deformatsiyasidir<ref name="AO2016">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Bunions |url=http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00155 |ish=OrthoInfo - AAOS |qaralgan sana=8 November 2017 |sana=February 2016 |arxivsana=2017-11-13 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113044456/http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00155 }}</ref>. Oyoqning bosh barmog'i ko'p holatlarda boshqa barmoqlarga egilib, bo'g'im qizarib, og'riq paydo bo'ladi<ref name="AO2016" /> Bunionlarning boshlanishi odatda asta-sekin bo'ladi<ref name="AO2016" /> Murakkabliklar orasida [[bursit]] yoki [[artrit]] bo'lish holatlari kuaztiladi<ref name="AO2016" />

Buning kelib chiqishining aniq sababi hali aniq emas. <ref name="Day2017">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Dayton |first=Paul D. |title=Evidence-Based Bunion Surgery: A Critical Examination of Current and Emerging Concepts and Techniques |date=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319603155 |pages=1–2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NK80DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |language=en}}</ref>... Tavsiya etilgan sabablar orasida haddan tashqari tor poyabzal kiyish, baland poshnali poyabzal, oila tarixi va revmatoid artrit kiradi<ref name="AO2016"/> <ref name="Highheel2016">{{Cite journal|last=Barnish|first1=MS|last2=Barnish|first2=J|title=High-heeled shoes and musculoskeletal injuries: a narrative systematic review.|journal=BMJ Open|date=13 January 2016|volume=6|issue=1|pages=e010053|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010053|pmid=26769789|pmc=4735171}}</ref>. Tashxis odatda simptomlarga asoslanadi va [[Radiografiya|rentgen nurlari]] bilan qo'llab-quvvatlanadi<ref name="AO2016" /> Kichkina barmoqning shunga o'xshash holati bunionette deb nom olgan<ref name="AO2016" />

Buni davolash  to'g'ri poyabzal, ortopediya yoki [[Yalligʻlanishga qarshi dorilar|NSAIDlarni]] o'z ichiga olishi mumkin<ref name="AO2016"/> Agar bu simptomlarni yaxshilash uchun yetarlichi samara bermasa, operatsiya o'tkazilishi mumkin. <ref name="AO2016" /> Bu kattalarning taxminan 23% qismiga  ta'sir qiladi. <ref name="Day2017"/> Ayollar erkaklarga nisbatan tez-tez ta'sirlanadi. <ref name="AO2016" /> Odatiy boshlanish yoshi 20 yoshdan 50 yoshgacha. <ref name="Day2017" /> Vaziyat ham yosh bilan tez-tez uchrab turadi. <ref name="Day2017" /> U ilk bora 1870 yilda aniq tasvirlangan. <ref name="Day2017" /> Arxeologlar 14-15-asrlarda Angliyada skeletlari topishdi, bu uchli poyabzal modasiga to'g'ri keladi. <ref>{{Veb manbasi |muallif=Dittmar |ism=Jenna |sarlavha=Fashion for pointy shoes unleashed a wave of bunions in medieval England |url=http://theconversation.com/fashion-for-pointy-shoes-unleashed-a-wave-of-bunions-in-medieval-england-162570 |qaralgan sana=2021-06-28 |ish=The Conversation |sana=11 June 2021 |til=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-06-11|title=Fancy shoes and painful feet: Hallux valgus and fracture risk in medieval Cambridge, England|journal=International Journal of Paleopathology|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.04.012|issn=1879-9817|last=Dittmar|first1=Jenna M.|last2=Mitchell|first2=Piers D.|last3=Cessford|first3=Craig|last4=Inskip|first4=Sarah A.|last5=Robb|first5=John E.|volume=35|pages=90–100|pmid=34120868|pmc=8631459}}</ref>...

Asoratlari bunyon atrofidagi terining tirnash xususiyati bo'lishi mumkin va bu yerda pufakchalar nisbatan oson yuzaga kelishi  mumkin. Yurish paytida og'riq kuchayishi mumkin.

Bunyonlar to'g'ri mos keladigan oyoq kiyim topishda bir qancha qiyinchiliklarga olib kelishi mumkin va odamni bunyon kengligiga mos keladigan kattaroq o'lchamdagi oyoq kiyim xarid qilishga  majbur qilishi mumkin. Agar bunyon deformatsiyasi yetarlicha kuchli bo'lsa, oyoq kiyimning siqilishisiz ham turli joylarda og'riydi. Keyinchalik bu old oyoqning mexanik funktsiyasi muammosi sifatida ko'rib chiqiladi.

Oyoqning haddan tashqari ko'tarilishi bosh barmog'ining ichki qismidagi bosimning oshishini keltirib chiqaradi, bu esa bo'g'imning medial kapsulyar tuzilmalarining deformatsiyasini hosil qilishi mumkin, bu esa keyinchalik bunyonlarning rivojlanish xavfini kuchaytiradi<ref name="Bru2010">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Brukner |first=Peter |title=Clinical sports medicine. |url=https://archive.org/details/clinicalsportsme0000pete |date=2010 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=9780070278998 |page=[https://archive.org/details/clinicalsportsme0000pete/page/667 667] |edition=3}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chou|first1=Loretta B.|title=Disorders of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint|journal=The Physician and Sportsmedicine|date=19 June 2015|volume=28|issue=7|pages=32–45|doi=10.3810/psm.2000.07.1075|pmid=20086649}}</ref>.

Bo'g'imning o'zi qisman shishgan bursal qop yoki metatarsofalangeal bo'g'imdagi suyak (suyak) anomaliyasiga bog'liq hisoblanadi. Bo'g'imning yirik qismi birinchi metatarsal suyagi boshining oddiy qismi hisoblanib, uning distal (uzoq) uchida (metatarsus primus varus) chiqib ketish uchun yon tomonga egilgan bo'ladi.

Bunyonlar, odatda, bosh barmog'ining ikkinchi barmoqqa og'ish holati va oyoqning birinchi va ikkinchi metatarsal suyaklari oralig'idagi burchakning og'ishi bilan bog'liq bo'ladi. Birinchi metatarsal suyak tagida joylashgan kichik sesamoid suyaklar (bu fleksiyon tendonining bosh barmog'ini pastga egishiga hissa qo'shadi) ham vaqt o'tishi bilan og'ishi mumkin, buning sababi shuki birinchi metatarsal suyak odatdagi holatidan uzoqlasha boshlaydi. Birinchi metatarsofalangeal bo'g'imning [[Artroz|osteoartriti]], harakatning kamayib ketishi va/yoki o'zgarishi, bo'g'imga bosim yoki bo'g'imning harakati bilan bog'liq noqulayliklarning hammasi bunyon rivojlanishiga hamroh bo'lishi mumkin. Birinchi metatarsal boshning medial yoki dorso-medial qismida, shuningdek, yallig'langanida ( [[bursit]] ) jarayonning eng og'riqli tomoni bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan bursa paydo bo'lishi mumkin.

Bunyonlarni konservativ davoga poyabzallarni almashtirish, ortopedik vositalarni qo'llash (akomodativ to'ldirish va himoya qilish), dam olish, muz va [[Paratsetamol|asetaminofen]] yoki [[Yalligʻlanishga qarshi dorilar|steroid bo'lmagan yallig'lanishga qarshi dorilar]] kabi [[Analgetiklar|og'riq qoldiruvchi vositalar]] kiradi. Ushbu muolajalar belgilarni bartaraf qiladi, lekin haqiqiy deformatsiyani tuzata olmaydi<ref name="Hecht2014">{{Cite journal|last=Hecht|first1=PJ|last2=Lin|first2=TJ|title=Hallux valgus|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_medical-clinics-of-north-america_2014-03_98_2/page/227|journal=[[Medical Clinics of North America]]|date=March 2014|volume=98|issue=2|pages=227–32|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2013.10.007|pmid=24559871}}</ref>. Agar noqulaylik davom etaveradigan bo'lsa va og'ir bo'lsa yoxud deformatsiyani estetik tuzatish kerak bo'lib qolsa, [[Ortopediya|ortoped-jarroh]] yoki podiatrik [[jarroh]] tomonidan jarrohlik tuzatish kerak bo'lishi mumkin.

== Manbalar ==