Erica sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb (180,250,180)" |''Erica''
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| colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[Fayl:Erica_herbacea0.jpg|frameless]]
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| colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |Erica carnea gullari
|- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb (180,250,180)"
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! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb (180,250,180)" |Ilmiy tasniflash
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|[[O‘simliklar]]
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|[[Yuksak oʻsimliklar]]
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|[[Gulli oʻsimliklar]]
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|[[Ikki urugʻpallalilar]]
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|[[Asterids]]
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|[[Ericales]]
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|[[Ericaceae]]
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|[[Ericoideae]]
|-
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|[[Ericeae]]
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|[[Erica (plant)|''Erica'']]<br /><br /><small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>
|- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb (180,250,180)"
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! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb (180,250,180)" |
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| colspan="2" style="text-align: left" |
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! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb (180,250,180)" |Sinonimlar
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| colspan="2" style="text-align: left" |
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;">
<div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div>List</div></div>

** ''Acrostemon'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Aniserica'' <small>(Bartl.</small><small>) N.E.Br.</small>
** ''Anomalanthus'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Apogandrum'' <small>Neck.</small>
** ''Arachnocalyx'' <small>Compton</small>
** ''Arsace'' <small>Fourr.</small>
** ''Blaeria'' <small>L.</small>
** ''Bruckenthalia'' <small>Rchb.</small>
** ''Callista'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Ceramia'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Chlorocodon'' <small>Fourr.</small>
** ''Chona'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Coccosperma'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Codonanthemum'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Coilostigma'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Comacephalus'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Dasyanthes'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Desmia'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Ectasis'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Eleutherostemon'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Eremia'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Eremiella'' <small>Compton</small>
** ''Eremiopsis'' <small>N.E.Br.</small>
** ''Eremocallis'' <small>Salisb. ex Gray</small>
** ''Ericinella'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Ericodes'' <small>Kuntze</small>
** ''Ericoides'' <small>Heist. ex Fabr.</small>
** ''Eriodesmia'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Eurylepis'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Euryloma'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Eurystegia'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Finckea'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Grisebachia'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Gypsocallis'' <small>Salisb. ex Gray</small>
** ''Hexastemon'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Kolbia'' <small>Adans.</small>
** ''Lagenocarpus'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Lamprotis'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Lepterica'' <small>N.E.Br.</small>
** ''Lophandra'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Lopherina'' <small>Neck. ex A.Juss.</small>
** ''Macnabia'' <small>Benth. ex Endl.</small>
** ''Macrolinum'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Microtrema'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Mitrastylus'' <small>Alm & T.C.E.Fr.</small>
** ''Nabea'' <small>Lehm. ex Klotzsch</small>
** ''Nagelocarpus'' <small>Bullock</small>
** ''Octogonia'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Octopera'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Omphalocaryon'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Pachycalyx'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Pachysa'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Pentapera'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Philippia'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Pilopus'' <small>Raf.</small>
** ''Plagiostemon'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Platycalyx'' <small>N.E.Br.</small>
** ''Salaxis'' <small>Salisb.</small>
** ''Scyphogyne'' <small>Decne.</small>
** ''Simocheilus'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Stokoeanthus'' <small>E.G.H.Oliv.</small>
** ''Sympieza'' <small>Licht. ex Roem.</small> <small>& Schult.</small>
** ''Syndesmanthus'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Syringodea'' <small>D.Don</small>
** ''Tetralix'' <small>Zinn</small>
** ''Thamnium'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Thamnus'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Thoracosperma'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
** ''Tristemon'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
  
</div>
|}
'''''Erica''''' — Ericaceae [[Urugʻ (zoologiya)|oilasiga]] [[Oila (biologiya)|mansub]] 857 taga yaqin turni oʻz ichiga olgan [[Gulli oʻsimliklar|gulli oʻsimliklar]] turkumi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Manning|first=John|title=Field Guide to Fynbos|year=2007|page=224|publisher=Struik Publishers, Cape Town|isbn=978-1-77007-265-7}}</ref>. ''Calluna'' turkumi ilgari ''Erica'' tarkibiga kirgan.

== Etimologiya ==
[[Lotin tili|Lotin tilidan tarjima]] qilingan ''erica'' soʻzi „supurgi“ degan maʼnoni anglatadi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Scarborough|first=John|title=Medical Terminologies : Classical Origins Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/medicalterminolo0000scar|year=1992|page=[https://archive.org/details/medicalterminolo0000scar/page/20 20]|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-806-13029-3}}</ref>. Ba‘zilar e''ricani'' [[Qadimgi yunon tili|qadimgi yunon tilidan]] moslagan deb taxmin qilishadi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Gledhill|first=David|title=The Names of Plants|year=2008|page=156|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-86645-3}}</ref>.

== Tavsif ==
''Erica'' turlarining aksariyati boʻyi {{Convert|20|-|150|cm|abbr=on|0}}ga yetadigan kichik [[Buta|butalardir]], eng balandlari ''E. arborea'' va ''E. scoparia'' boʻlib, ikkalasi ham {{Convert|7|m|0|abbr=on}} gacha oʻsishi mumkin. Hammasi [[Doim yashil oʻsimliklar|doim yashil]], mayda ignasimon [[Barg|barglari]] uzunligi {{Convert|2|–|15|mm}}. [[Urugʻlik|Urugʻlar]] juda kichik va baʼzi turlari tuproqda oʻnlab yillar davomida yashovchanligi saqlashi mumkin.

== Taksonomiya va filogeniya ==
Dulfer<ref name="Dulfer1964">{{jurnal manbasi|title=Revision der Südafrikanischen Arten der Gattung ''Erica'' L. 1 Teil|journal=Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien|year=1964|last=Dulfer|first1=H|volume=67|pages=79–147|jstor=41769215}}</ref><ref name="Dulfer1965">{{jurnal manbasi|title=Revision der Südafrikanischen Arten der Gattung ''Erica'' L. 2 Teil|journal=Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien|year=1965|last=Dulfer|first1=H|volume=68|pages=25–177|jstor=41764839}}</ref> 1960-yillarda ''Erica'' turkumining 605 turini oxirgi nashr etdi. Keyinchalik koʻplab yangi turlar tasvirlangan (ayniqsa, Janubiy Afrikada) va yana 83 tasi ''Erica'' tarkibiga kiritilgan, biroq butun jinsni zamonaviy taksonomik qayta koʻrib chiqish hali ham yetishmayapti.

''Ericaning'' eng yaqin qarindoshlari ''Daboecia'' (bir yoki ikkita tur) va ''Calluna'' (monospesifik)<ref name="Mugrabi de KupplerFagúndez2015">{{jurnal manbasi|last=Mugrabi de Kuppler|first1=A.L.|last2=Fagúndez|first2=J.|last3=Bellstedt|first3=D.U.|last4=Oliver|first4=E.G.H.|last5=Léon|first5=J.|last6=Pirie|first6=M.D.|title=Testing reticulate versus coalescent origins of ''Erica lusitanica'' using a species phylogeny of the northern heathers (Ericeae, Ericaceae)|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=88|year=2015|pages=121–131|issn=1055-7903|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.005|pmid=25888972}}</ref>. Yevropaning oz sonli ''Erica'' turlari turkumining eng qadimgi nasllarini ifodalaydi, ularning ichida yagona, kattalikdagi turlarga boy, afrikalik navlar joylashgan<ref name="PirieOliver2011">{{jurnal manbasi|last=Pirie|first1=Michael D.|last2=Oliver|first2=E.G.H.|last3=Bellstedt|first3=Dirk U.|title=A densely sampled ITS phylogeny of the Cape flagship genus ''Erica'' L. suggests numerous shifts in floral macro-morphology|url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2011-11_61_2/page/593|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=61|issue=2|year=2011|pages=593–601|issn=1055-7903|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.007|pmid=21722743}}</ref>. Afrika qitʼasida Cape va Madagascan/Mascarene turlari mos ravishda monofiletik guruhlarni ifodalaydi<ref name="PirieOliver2016">{{jurnal manbasi|last=Pirie|first1=M. D.|last2=Oliver|first2=E. G. H.|last3=Mugrabi de Kuppler|first3=A.|last4=Gehrke|first4=B.|last5=Le Maitre|first5=N. C.|last6=Kandziora|first6=M.|last7=Bellstedt|first7=D. U.|title=The biodiversity hotspot as evolutionary hot-bed: spectacular radiation of ''Erica'' in the Cape Floristic Region|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=16|issue=1|pages=190|year=2016|issn=1471-2148|doi=10.1186/s12862-016-0764-3|pmid=27639849|pmc=5027107}}</ref>.

=== Turlar ===
Tanlangan turlarga quyidagilar kiradi:
{{Columns-list|*''[[Erica abietina]]''
*''[[Erica arborea]]''
*''[[Erica australis]]''
*''[[Erica azorica]]''
*''[[Erica baccans]]''
*''[[Erica caffra]]''
*''[[Erica cabernetea]]''
*''[[Erica canaliculata]]''
*''[[Erica capensis]]''
*''[[Erica carnea]]''
*''[[Erica cerinthoides]]''
*''[[Erica ciliaris]]''
*''[[Erica cinerea]]''
*''[[Erica comorensis]]''
*''[[Erica cruenta]]''
*[[Erica × darleyensis|''Erica'' × ''darleyensis'']]
*''[[Erica erigena]]''
*''[[Erica grandiflora]]''
*''[[Erica haematocodon]]''
*''[[Erica hirtiflora]]''
*''[[Erica jasminiflora]]''
*''[[Erica lusitanica]]''
*''[[Erica mackayana]]''
*''[[Erica mammosa]]''
*''[[Erica manipuliflora]]''
*''[[Erica margaritacea]]''
*''[[Erica mollis]]''
*''[[Erica multiflora]]''
*''[[Erica nana]]''
*''[[Erica nyassana]]''
*''[[Erica patersonia]]''
*''[[Erica peltata]]''
*''[[Erica plukenetii]]''
*''[[Erica pyramidalis]]''
*''[[Erica recurvata]]''
*''[[Erica reunionensis]]''
*''[[Erica scoparia]]''
*''[[Erica terminalis]]''
*''[[Erica tetralix]]''
*''[[Erica turgida]]''
*''[[Erica urna-viridis]]''
*''[[Erica vagans]]''
*''[[Erica ventricosa]]''
*''[[Erica versicolor]]''
*''[[Erica verticillata]]''}}{{Galereya|Baumheide.jpg|''[[Erica arborea]]''|Erica_cinerea_ (Purpurlyng).jpg|''[[Erica cinerea]]''|Erica junonia00.jpg|''[[Erica junonia]]''|Erica mammosa flower.jpg|''[[Erica mammosa]]''|Erica ciliaris.jpg|''[[Erica ciliaris]]''|Uces en Ortegal.jpg|Heather fields in Ortegal ([[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]])|mode=packed}}

== Yashash joyi ==
Taxminan 690 tur Janubiy Afrikaga endemik hisoblanadi<ref name="Manning 2012 p.">{{Kitob manbasi|last=Manning|first=John|title=Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region: 1: the core Cape flora|publisher=South African National Biodiversity Institute, SANBI|location=Pretoria|year=2012|isbn=978-1-919976-74-7}}</ref>. Qolgan turlar Afrika, Madagaskar, Oʻrta er dengizi va Yevropaning boshqa qismlarida oʻsadi

Koʻpgina Ericaceae turlari singari, ''Erica'' turlari asosan [[Kislota|kislotali]] yoki juda kislotali tuproqlarda oʻsadi. Darhaqiqat, „ericaceous“ atamasi oʻsimliklarni yetishtirishda ishlatiladigan [[Kompost|kompostga]] nisbatan qoʻllanadi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|title=Shorter Oxford English dictionary, 6th ed.|year=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-0199206872|pages=3804}}</ref>. Ular koʻpincha [[Yarim buta|mitti butazorlarda]] (togʻlik va botqoq) yoki ochiq kislotali oʻrmonlarning tuproqli qismlarida oʻsadi.

== Ekologiya ==
Bu turdagi oʻsimliklar asosan koʻplab [[Kapalaklar|kapalak]] turlarining [[Lichinka|lichinkalari]], jumladan, imperator kuya kapalagi, bogʻ yoʻlbarsi, haqiqiy sevishganlar tugunlari, shuvoq pug, kumush naqshli koʻk kapalak<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|last=Thomas|first1=C. D.|last2=Glen|first2=S. W. T.|last3=Lewis|first3=O. T.|last4=Hill|first4=J. K.|last5=Blakeley|first5=D. S.|date=1-fevral 1999-yil|title=Population differentiation and conservation of endemic races: the butterfly, Plebejus argus|journal=Animal Conservation|language=inglizcha|volume=2|issue=1|pages=15–21|doi=10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00044.x|issn=1469-1795}}</ref> va ''Coleophoralar'' tomonidan isteʼmol qilinadi.

Quyosh qushlarining baʼzi turlari ''Ericaga'' qoʻnishi va changlatishi maʼlum. Changlatishda ishtirok etadigan ikkita tur janubiy ikki yoqali quyosh qushi va toʻq sariq koʻkrakli quyosh qushidir.

== Kultivatsiya ==
[[Fayl:Heather_Garden,_Ness_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_329931.jpg|thumb| Heather bogʻi, Ness botanika bogʻlari]]
''Erica'' turlari gullari uchun peyzaj yoki bogʻ oʻsimliklari sifatida oʻstiriladi. Ular ignabargli daraxtlar bilan yaxshi bogʻlanadi va koʻpincha ekish sxemalarida mitti ignabargli oʻsimliklar navlari ostida ommaviy tuproq qoplami sifatida oʻstiriladi. Ular yil davomida gullashga qodir. Ular, shuningdek, kuzda va qishda vannalar yoki deraza qutilarida oʻstirilishi mumkin<ref name="RHSAZ">{{Kitob manbasi|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|url=https://archive.org/details/azencyclopediaof0000unse|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1405332965|pages=1136}}</ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Shimoliy Amerika florasi]]