GN-z11 sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Bilgiquti Galaktika|Nom=GN-z11|Yulduz turkumi=[[Katta Ayiq]]<ref name="STScI-2016-07-FastFacts">{{cite web |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2016/07/fastfacts/ |title=Hubble Team Breaks Cosmic Distance Record - Fast Facts |id=STScI-2016-07 |work=HubbleSite |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706052008/http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2016/07/fastfacts/ |archive-date=6 July 2016}}</ref>|Davr=[[J2000.0]]<ref name="STScI-2016-07-FastFacts">{{cite web |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2016/07/fastfacts/ |title=Hubble Team Breaks Cosmic Distance Record - Fast Facts |id=STScI-2016-07 |work=HubbleSite |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706052008/http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2016/07/fastfacts/ |archive-date=6 July 2016}}</ref>|Tasvir=File:Distant galaxy GN-z11 in GOODS-N image by HST.jpg|Izoh=GN-z11 galaktikasining [[Buyuk rasadxonalarning kelib chiqishini chuqur oʻrganish|GOODS-North]] tadqiqotidan olingan rasmi.|Massa=~1{{e|9}}|Qizil surilish=10.6034±0.0013<ref name="auto">{{cite journal |arxiv=2302.07256 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202346159 |title=JADES NIRSpec Spectroscopy of GN-z11: Lyman- ''α'' emission and possible enhanced nitrogen abundance in a ''z'' = 10.60 luminous galaxy |date=2023 |last1=Bunker |first1=Andrew J. |last2=Saxena |first2=Aayush |last3=Cameron |first3=Alex J. |last4=Willott |first4=Chris J. |last5=Curtis-Lake |first5=Emma |last6=Jakobsen |first6=Peter |last7=Carniani |first7=Stefano |last8=Smit |first8=Renske |last9=Maiolino |first9=Roberto |last10=Witstok |first10=Joris |last11=Curti |first11=Mirko |last12=d'Eugenio |first12=Francesco |last13=Jones |first13=Gareth C. |last14=Ferruit |first14=Pierre |last15=Arribas |first15=Santiago |last16=Charlot |first16=Stephane |last17=Chevallard |first17=Jacopo |last18=Giardino |first18=Giovanna |last19=De Graaff |first19=Anna |last20=Looser |first20=Tobias J. |last21=Lützgendorf |first21=Nora |last22=Maseda |first22=Michael V. |last23=Rawle |first23=Tim |last24=Rix |first24=Hans-Walter |last25=Del Pino |first25=Bruno Rodríguez |last26=Alberts |first26=Stacey |last27=Egami |first27=Eiichi |last28=Eisenstein |first28=Daniel J. |last29=Endsley |first29=Ryan |last30=Hainline |first30=Kevin |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=677 |pages=A88 |bibcode=2023A&A...677A..88B |display-authors=1 }}</ref>
|Masofa=32 mlrd (9,8 mlrd p.)|Ong ochilishi=12<sup>h</sup> 36<sup>m</sup> 25.46<sup>s</sup><ref name="STScI-2016-07-FastFacts">{{cite web |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2016/07/fastfacts/ |title=Hubble Team Breaks Cosmic Distance Record - Fast Facts |id=STScI-2016-07 |work=HubbleSite |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706052008/http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2016/07/fastfacts/ |archive-date=6 July 2016}}</ref>|Burchak tezligi=295,050 ± 119,917 km/s (183,336 ± 74,513 mi/s)|Yulduz kattaligi=25.8H|Tip=Tartibsiz|Burchak diametri=0,6 [[Yoyning daqiqa va sonyasi|y.d.son]].}}

'''GN-z11''' – [[Katta Ayiq]] [[Yulduz turkumlari|yulduz turkumida]] joylashgan yuqori [[Qizil siljish|qizil siljishli]] [[galaktika]]. Qizil siljishi z=10,6034 ga teng<ref name="автоссылка1">{{cite web |url=https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07256 |title=JADES NIRSpec Spectroscopy of GN-z11: Lyman-α emission and possible enhanced nitrogen abundance in a z=10.60 luminous galaxy |website=arxiv.org |date=2023-02-14 |lang=en |access-date=2024-01-18 |archive-date=2023-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025170731/https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07256 |url-status=live }}</ref>. U hozirgacha topilgan [[Yer|Yerdan]] eng uzoqda joylashgan galaktikalardan biridir<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.space.com/oldest-most-distant-galaxy-discovery |title=Scientists think they've spotted the farthest galaxy in the universe |work=Space.com |first=Chelsea |last=Gohd |date=21 December 2020 |access-date=10 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/scientists-have-spotted-farthest-galaxy-ever |title=Scientists Have Spotted the Farthest Galaxy Ever |publisher=Center for Astrophysics |first1=Mariclaire |last1=O'Neill |first2=Nadia |last2=Whitehead |date=7 April 2022 |access-date=10 November 2022}}</ref>. Yerdan uzoqligi 32 mlrd [[Yorugʻlik yili|yorugʻlik yiliga]] yoki 9,8 mlrd [[Parsek|parsekga]] teng<ref name="Jiang2021">{{cite journal|title=Evidence for GN-z11 as a luminous galaxy at redshift 11|display-authors=etal|first1=Linhua|last1=Jiang|journal=Nature Astronomy|date=January 2021|volume=5|pages=256–261|doi=10.1038/s41550-020-01275-y|arxiv=2012.06936|bibcode=2021NatAs...5..256J|s2cid=229156468 }}</ref>. [[Yorugʻlik-sayohat]] masofasi 13,4 mlrd yorugʻlik yili yoki 4,1 mlrd parsek<ref name="assocpress20160303">{{cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/6c9dcadf6d5f4741b010da09f5841b6f/astronomers-spot-record-distant-galaxy-early-cosmos |title=Astronomers Spot Record Distant Galaxy From Early Cosmos |agency=[[Associated Press]] |first=Seth |last=Borenstein |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=1 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306044212/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/6c9dcadf6d5f4741b010da09f5841b6f/astronomers-spot-record-distant-galaxy-early-cosmos |archive-date=6 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name="abcnet20160303">{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-04/hubble-space-telescope-observes-most-remote-galaxy-ever-seen/7219846 |title=GN-z11: Astronomers push Hubble Space Telescope to limits to observe most remote galaxy ever seen |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref>. 2022—yilda [[James Webb kosmik teleskopi|Jeyms Uebb kosmik teleskopi]] tomonidan [[JADES-GS-z13-0]] kashf etilgunga qadar GN-z11 [[Metagalaktika (kuzatilishi mumkin boʻlgan koinot|kuzatilishi mumkin boʻlgan koinotda]] aniqlangan eng qadimgi va [[Eng uzoq astronomik obʼektlar roʻyxati|eng uzoq galaktika]] hisoblangan<ref name="discovery20160303">{{cite news |url=https://www.seeker.com/hubble-spies-most-distant-oldest-galaxy-ever-1770971428.html |title=Hubble Spies Most Distant, Oldest Galaxy Ever |work=[[Seeker (media company)|Seeker]] |publisher=[[Discovery, Inc.]] |first=Irene |last=Klotz |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>. Gn-z11 galaktikasi kattaligi boʻyicha [[Somon Yoʻli]] galaktikasidan 25 baravar va [[Yulduz|Yulduzlar]] massasidan 100 baravar kichikdir. [[Yulduz hosil boʻlishi|Yulduz hosil boʻlishining]] kuzatilgan tezligi Somon Yoʻlidagi hozirgi koʻrsatkichdan 20 baravar yuqori ekanligi taxmin qilinmoqda. Ob’ektning nomi uning [[Buyuk rasadxonalarning kelib chiqishini chuqur oʻrganish|GOODS-North]] galaktikalar maydonidagi joylashuvi va yuqori [[Qizil siljish|kosmologik]] qizil siljish raqami (GN + z11) tufayli olingan<ref name="nasa20160303">{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/hubble-team-breaks-cosmic-distance-record/ |title=Hubble Team Breaks Cosmic Distance Record |publisher=[[NASA]] |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref>. Galaktikaning qizil siljishi shunchalik yuqoriki, uning [[burchak diametri masofasi]] qizil siljishi pastroq boʻlgan baʼzi galaktikalarnikidan kamroq. Bu uning burchak oʻlchamining yorugʻlik yilidagi oʻlchamiga nisbati kattaroq ekanligini anglatadi.

[[HD1]] galaktikasi kashf etilishidan oldin GN-z11 [[Olam|Koinotdagi]] [[Eng uzoq astronomik obʼektlar roʻyxati|eng uzoq obyekt]] boʻlgan<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35721734 |title=Hubble sets new cosmic distance record |work=[[BBC News]] |first=Jonathan |last=Amos |date=2016-03-03 |accessdate=2016-03-03 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025316/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35721734 }}</ref>, garchi [[UDF-39546284]] galaktikasi mavjud boʻlsa-da, uning qizil siljishi 11,9 ga teng<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.3105 |title=R. J. Bouwens, et all — Confirmation of the z~10 Candidate UDFj-39546284 using deeper WFC3/IR+ACS+IRAC Observations over the HUDF09/XDF (2012) |access-date=2021-07-08 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185136/https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.3105 |deadlink=no }}</ref>. Bundan oldinroq, 2015—yilning yozida [[Gavayi|Gavayidagi]] [[Kek rasadxonasi|Kek rasadxonasida]] topilgan [[Egsy8p7]] (masofa – 13,1 milliard [[Yorugʻlik yili|yorugʻlik yili]], qizil siljish z = 8,68) Yerdan eng uzoq galaktika deb hisoblangan.

== Kashfiyot ==

Galaktika [[Hubble kosmik teleskopi|Hubbl kosmik teleskopining]] [[Yaqin infraqizil chuqur ekstragalaktik meros tadqiqoti Kosmik Assambleyasi|''"Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey"'']] (CANDELS) ([[Oʻzbek tili|oʻz]]. [[''Yaqin infraqizil chuqur ekstragalaktik meros tadqiqoti Kosmik Assambleyasi'']]) va [[Spitzer kosmik teleskopi|Spitzer kosmik teleskopining]] [[Buyuk rasadxonalarning kelib chiqishini chuqur oʻrganish|''"Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey'']]''-North''" (GOODS-North) ([[Oʻzbek tili|oʻz]]. [[''Buyuk rasadxonalarning kelib chiqishini chuqur oʻrganish'']]) maʼlumotlarini oʻrganuvchi guruh tomonidan aniqlangan<ref name="heic1604">{{cite web |url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1604/ |title=Hubble breaks cosmic distance record |website=SpaceTelescope.org |id=heic1604 |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="Hubble-full">{{cite web |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2016/07/full/ |title=Hubble Team Breaks Cosmic Distance Record |website=HubbleSite.org |id=STScI-2016-07 |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>. Tadqiqot guruhi GN-z11 gacha boʻlgan masofani [[Optik spektrometr|spektroskopik]] tarzda oʻlchash, [[Olamning kengayishi|koinotning kengayishi]] natijasida paydo boʻlgan [[Qizil siljish|qizil siljishni]] oʻlchash uchun Hubbl kosmik teleskopining [[Keng maydon kamerasi 3]] ([[Ingliz tili|ing]]. ''Wide Field Camera 3'' (WFC3)) dan foydalangan<ref name="yale20160303">{{Cite web |url=http://news.yale.edu/2016/03/03/shattering-cosmic-distance-record-once-again |title=Shattering the cosmic distance record, once again |publisher=[[Yale University]] |first=Jim |last=Shelton |date=3 March 2016 |access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>. 2016-yil mart oyida eʼlon qilingan topilmalar galaktikaning Hubbl teleskopi kuzatishi mumkin boʻlgan masofa chegarasida, dastlab oʻylanganidan ancha uzoqda ekanligini koʻrsatdi. „[[James Webb|Jeyms Uebb]]“ [[Teleskop|teleskopi]] hozirgacha kuzatilgan eng uzoq galaktikalardan toʻrttasini topdi, ulardan biri koinotni hosil qilgan [[Katta portlash|Katta portlashdan]] atigi 320 million yil oʻtgach paydo boʻlgan, deb hisoblanmoqda. [[JADES-GS-z13-0]] galaktikasining [[Kosmologik qizil siljish|qizil siljishi]] z = 13,2 ni tashkil etadi, bu esa [[Katta ortlash|Katta ortlashdan]] keyin 320 mln yil oʻtib kashf etilgan eng uzoqdagi gallaktika sanaladi. [[JADES-GS-z10-0]], [[JADES-GS-z11-0]] va [[JADES-GS-z12-0]] galaktikalarining qizil siljishi mos ravishda z = 10,38, 11,58 va 12,63 ga teng<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naked-science.ru/article/astronomy/oldest-galaxy |title=«Джеймс Уэбб» обнаружил старейшие из известных галактик |access-date=2023-04-06 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405230344/https://naked-science.ru/article/astronomy/oldest-galaxy |deadlink=no }}</ref>.

GN-z11 avvalgi rekordchi [[EGSY8p7]] galaktikasidan taxminan 150 million yil katta va „[[Olam xronologiyasi|koinotning qorongʻu asrlari]] deb ataladigan davrning oxiriga juda yaqin“, „[[Olam xronologiyasi|reionizatsiya davrining]]“ boshiga yaqin kuzatilgan<ref name="nasa20160303" /><ref name="heic1604" /><ref name="yale20160303" />.[[Fayl:Wide Field Camera 3.jpg|365x365px|thumb|"[[Fazoviy moki|Space Shuttle]]" dasturi orqali [[STS-125]] kosmik kemasini ishga tushirishdan oldin „Keng maydonli kamera 3“.|left]]
[[Somon yoʻli]] galaktikasi bilan taqqoslaganda, GN-z11 oʻlchamining <sup>1</sup>/<sub>25</sub> qismini tashkil etadi, massasining 1% ni tashkil qiladi va yangi yulduzlarni taxminan yigirma baravar tezroq hosil qiladi<ref name="yale20160303" />. [[Yulduzlar yoshini hisoblash|Yulduzlar yoshi]] 40 million yil deb baholangan boʻlsa, galaktika oʻz yulduzlarini nisbatan tez shakllantirgan koʻrinadi<ref>{{cite journal |title=A Remarkably Luminous Galaxy at ''z''=11.1 Measured with ''Hubble Space Telescope'' Grism Spectroscopy |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |first1=P. A. |last1=Oesch |first2=G. |last2=Brammer |first3=P. |last3=van Dokkum |volume=819 |issue=2 |at=129 |date=March 2016 |arxiv=1603.00461 |bibcode=2016ApJ...819..129O |doi=10.3847/0004-637X/819/2/129|s2cid=119262750 |doi-access=free }}</ref>. Bunchalik massiv galaktikaning birinchi yulduzlar paydo boʻlishidan soʻng tez orada mavjud boʻlgani, galaktikalar shakllanishining baʼzi hozirgi nazariy modellariga qiyinchilik tugʻdiradi<ref name="heic1604" /><ref name="yale20160303" />.[[Fayl:GNz11-FarthestGalaxyObservedByTheHST-20160303.webm|center|thumb|462x462px|GN-z11 galaktikasi joylashuvini koʻrsatadigan animatsiya]]
== Sanʼatda ==
[[Rossiya|Rossiyalik]] [[rep]] musiqachi [[Andrey Vyacheslavovich Lisikov]] (Delfin) ning „[[Alvido, qurol]]“ nomli albomida GN-z11 nomli taronasi mavjud<ref>{{cite news|title=Дельфин поделился синглом «GN-z11», названным в честь самой далекой Галактики|url=https://www.nashe.ru/news/delfin-podelilsya-singlom-gn-z11-nazvannym-v-chest-samoy-dalekoy-galaktiki|accessdate=2023-03-09|publisher=Наше радио|archivedate=2023-03-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309094435/https://www.nashe.ru/news/delfin-podelilsya-singlom-gn-z11-nazvannym-v-chest-samoy-dalekoy-galaktiki}}</ref>.

== Qarang ==
*[[CEERS-93316]]
*[[GLASS-z12]]
*[[HD1]]
*[[Eng uzoq astronomik obʼektlar roʻyxati]]

== Manbalar ==
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[[Turkum:Astronomik obyektlar]]
[[Turkum:Astranomiya]]
[[Turkum:Gallaktikalar]]
[[Turkum:Kashfiyotlar]]