Gemella sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''''Gemella karbonat angidrid'''''[[Bakteriyalar|ning yuqori]] qisman bosiminingeng yaxshi rivojlanadigan Gram-musbat bakteriya turidir.

== Tarifi ==
Gemella turi birinchi marta 1938 yilda Neisseria hemolysans deb ta'riflangan<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Neisseria hemolysans. A Hemolytic Species of Neisseria trevisan|last=Thjötta|date=1938|journal=Acta Path. Et Microb. Scandinavica}}</ref>. 1960 yilda shtammlar Neisseriyadan yangi turni talab qilish uchun yetarlicha ajralib turishi aniqlanganda, u yangi jins sifatida qayta ta'riflangan<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A proposed new genus of gram-negative cocci: Gemella|journal=International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy|date=1961-01-01|pages=17–19|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1099/0096266x-11-1-17|first1=U.|last=BERGER}}</ref>. Bu nom organizmga asoslanib taklif qilingan diplokok va gemellaning kichraytiruvchisi egizaklaridirr<nowiki/>[[Diplokokklar|Ular]] fakultativ ravishda anaerob<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=gemellus - Wiktionary|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gemellus|ish=en.wiktionary.org|qaralgan sana=2015-10-31}}</ref>,oksidaza va katalaza testlariga salbiy reaktsiyalar beradi. Ular fermentativ bo'lib, sirka va sut kislotalari aralashmasini yoki sirka kislotasi va Co 2 ning ekvimolyar molyar aralashmasini tashkil qiladi. [[Bijgʻish|Masalan,]] gemolizlangan  kislorod<nowiki/>[[Sut kislota| yo'qligida sirka va sut kislotalari aralashmasini hosil qiluvchi]] glyukozani<sub>, kislorod bor bo'lgandasa sirka kislotasi va karbonot angdridni </sub>hosil qiladi''[4].''

== Klinik ahamiyati ==
''Gemella'' bakteriyalari ko'pincha odamlar va boshqa hayvonlarning shilliq pardalarida, ayniqsa og'iz bo'shlig'ida va yuqori ovqat hazm qilish yo'lida uchraydi. Gemella gemolizis sistik fibrozi  bilan kasallangan bemorlarning o'pka kuchayishida ishtirok etishi aniqlangan[1][[Mukovitsidoz|.]] 2000 yilga kelib, odamlar <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Changes in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiota at Pulmonary Exacerbation|journal=Annals of the American Thoracic Society|date=2013-06-01|issn=2329-6933|pmc=3960905|pmid=23802813|pages=179–187|volume=10|issue=3|doi=10.1513/AnnalsATS.201211-107OC|first1=Lisa A.|last=Carmody|first2=Jiangchao|last2=Zhao|first3=Patrick D.|last3=Schloss|first4=Joseph F.|last4=Petrosino|first5=Susan|last5=Murray|first6=Vincent B.|last6=Young|first7=Jun Z.|last7=Li|first8=John J.|last8=LiPuma}}</ref> 15 holatda asosan, klapan  kasalligi va  tishlari yomon yoki tish manipulyatsiyasi bo'lgan erkaklarda qayd etilgan. [[Endokardit|Aksariyat holatlar penitsillin va gentamitsin kombinatsiyasi bilan davolandi.]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Endocarditis due to Gemella haemolysans in a patient with hemochromatosis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-microbiology-and-infection_2000-10_6_10/page/566|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|pages=566–568|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00136.x|first1=J.D.|last=Mosquera|first2=M.|last2=Zabalza|first3=M.|last3=Laniero|first4=J.R.|last4=Blanco|year=2000}}</ref> Bundan tashqari, bakterial vaginozda Gemella asacarolytica bilan bog'liq himoyalanmagan jinsiy aloqada OIV infektsiyasi xavfini oshadi.

== Adabiyotlar ==
{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Bakteriyalar tasnifi]]