Husky sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{AT}}
[[Fayl:Husky_(1).jpg|thumb|376x376px|Haski [http://ingrus.net/husky/details/50165]]]
[[Fayl:Wa_husky4.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Xaskilardan iborat chana tortish jamoasi]]
[[Fayl:Хаски.jpg|thumb|Haski ko'chada sayrga chiqqan.]]

'''Husky''' (talaffuzi: ''Haski'') - bu asosan, Shimoliy hududlarda yetishtiriladigan va itlar jamoasini tez yetaklay olish qobiliyatiga ega boʻlgan chana itlarining bir necha zotlari ataladigan umumiy nomidir.<ref name="Schultz">{{Книга|заглавие=Dogs of the Iditarod|ссылка=https://archive.org/details/dogsofiditarod0000schu|издательство={{Нп3|Sasquatch Books}}|место=Seattle|isbn=1-57061-292-7|страницы=[https://archive.org/details/dogsofiditarod0000schu/page/41 41]|автор=Schultz, Jeff|год=2003}}</ref>. Haskilar eng tezkor itlar zotining chatishmasidir . [[Alaska]] Malamuti deb ataluvchi haskilar zoti, aksincha, eng yirik va eng baquvvat va aqlli, chana tortuvchi it bo'lib, og'irroq yuklarni tortish uchun boqiladi. Mahsulotlar va odamlarni itlar qo'shilgan chanalarda yetkazib berish ko'p jihatdan tarixga aylangan bo'lsa-da, so'nggi yillarda qorli hududlardagi ko'plab kompaniyalar sayyohlarga itlar tortadigan chanalarda sayr qilishni taklif etmoqdalar<ref name="howstuffworks">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/snow-sports/sled-dog.htm|sarlavha=How Sled Dogs Work|qaralgan sana=2015-06-03}}</ref>. Haskilar endilikda [[uy hayvonlari]] sifatida ham boqiladi<ref name="sfgate">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.sfgate.com/pets/yourwholepet/article/Lessons-from-a-sled-dog-massacre-2380720.php|sarlavha=Lessons from a sled dog massacre|sana=2011-02-18|nashriyot=sfgate|qaralgan sana=2015-06-03}}</ref>.

== Etimologiya ==
Dastlab Eskimoslar(yoki Inuitlar) Haski nomi bilan atalgan bo'lib, aslida Haski so'zi Haskimos(Eskimos)ning qisqartmasi. Eskimos - ingliz savdo kemalari dengizchila<ref>Dictionary of Newfoundland English, by George Morley Story, W. J. Kirwin, John David Allison Widdowson, pg 263, University of Toronto Press 2004, ISBN 0-8020-6819-7</ref>. ''Haski'' so'zining itlarga nisbatan qo'llanilishi esa birinchi marta 1852-yilda Inuitlar tomonidan boqilgan itlar uchun qayd etilgan.

== Kelib chiqishi ==
Haski itlari genetikasi kulrang bo'ri bilan chatishganligi sababli deyarli butunlay mos keladi. Biroq, ba'zi Arktika Haskilari genetikasi hozirda yo'q bo'lib ketgan Shimoliy Osiyo Taymir bo'risi bilan ham chatishganligini ko'rsatadi : [[Sibir]] zoti, kamroq darajada Sharpey zoti, Finlandiya Shpitslari va Grenlandiya zoti (bu ham tarixan Arktikadagi odamlar populyatsiyasi bilan bog'liq). Haskining ajdodlari Sibir haskilari bo'lib, ular yagona zot ko'rinishida [[Chukotka dengizi|Chukotka]]da yetishtirilgan va Shimoliy Amerikaga olib kelingan. Bu yerda ular chana itlarining mahalliy zoti bilan chatishtirdilar va yangi zotni shakllantirdilar. [[Grenlandiya]] zoti chatishmasi jadvali 3,5% umumiy materialning optimal variantini ko'rsatadi; ammo, ajdodlar nisbati 1,4% dan 27,3% gacha boʻlgan, bu ma'lumotlarga mos keladi va Taymir bo'risi bilan hamda Sharpey, Shpits, Sibir, Haskilari kabi keng tarqalgan zotlar ajdodlari bilan chatishganligini ko'rsatadi.

Bunday introgressiya yuqori kengliklarda yashovchi birinchi itlarni yangi va qiyin muhitlarga moslashish uchun foydali boʻlgan [[Fenotip|fenotipik]] o'zgarishlar bilan ta'minlashi mumkin, bu esa Huski rivojlanishiga katta hissa qo'shadi. Bu shuningdek, hozirgi zotlarning ajdodlari bir nechta mintaqalardan kelganligini ko'rsatadi<ref>{{Статья|title=Ancient Wolf Genome Reveals an Early Divergence of Domestic Dog Ancestors and Admixture into High-Latitude Breeds}}</ref>.

== Xususiyatlari ==
Haskilar baquvvat sport itlaridir. Ular odatda kulrang, qora, mis qizil yoki oq bo'lishi mumkin boʻlgan qalin ikki qavatli yungga ega<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/husky.aspx|sarlavha=husky facts, information, pictures {{!}} Encyclopedia.com articles about husky|nashriyot=www.encyclopedia.com|til=en|qaralgan sana=2018-01-24}}</ref>. Bunday jun sovuq havoda gipotermiyadan (tana haroratining keskin pasayishi) himoya qiladi va bu ularning sovuqqa chidamliligini oshiradi. Haskilarning ko'zlari odatda ochiq ko'k rangga ega, ammo ular jigarrang, ko'k, sariq yoki [[Geteroxromiya|geteroxrom]] rangda ham bo'lishi mumkin. Haskilar boshqa zotlarga qaraganda uveitga(uveit - ko'zning rangli qismi yallig'lanishi) ko'proq moyil<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/courses/vet_eyes/conotes/con_chapter_11.html|sarlavha=UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine|nashriyot=www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu|til=en|qaralgan sana=2018-01-24|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606181317/http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/courses/vet_eyes/conotes/con_chapter_11.html|arxivsana=2012-06-06}}</ref>.

Haskilarning vazni va bo'yi zot [[Urugʻ (zoologiya)|turiga]] bog'liq, lekin o'rtacha bo'yi 50-60 sm ga etadi, vazni esa 20-35 kg<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://haski-dog.ru/|sarlavha=Сайт о породе Хаски|qaralgan sana=2022-11-29|arxivsana=2021-11-06|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106145129/https://haski-dog.ru/}}</ref>.

== Zotlari ==
[[Fayl:Husky_lying_on_the_ground.jpg|thumb|233x233px| Haski dam olmoqda]]

Haskilar [[Arktika]]ning tub aholisi tomonidan yetishtirilgan<ref name="sleddogcentral">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.sleddogcentral.com/features/little_wolf/alaskans.htm|sarlavha=A Deeper History of the Origins of The Alaskan Husky|ism=Stephanie|familiya=Little Wolf|qaralgan sana=2015-06-03|arxivsana=2018-09-09|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909071403/http://www.sleddogcentral.com/features/little_wolf/alaskans.htm}}</ref>.

Zamonaviy davrda bu zotlarning namunalari saralab olingan va turli uy hayvonlari [[kinologiya]] klublarida zamonaviy tozaqonli zotlar sifatida ro'yxatga olingan. Jumladan, Sibir Haski va Labrador Haski . Saxalin Haski - yapon shpitsi va Akita Inu bilan bog'liq boʻlgan yapon chana itlari ham zotdor turlar qatoriga kiradi.

Alyaska Haskisi - Alyaskada (Sibir va Arktikaning boshqa hududlarida emas) paydo boʻlgan chana itlarining bir turi. Makkenzi daryosi Haskisi esa Alyaska va Kanadaning Arktika va subarktik mintaqalarida yetishtirilgan turli xil itlar populyatsiyalariga tegishli kichik tipdir. 

Haskilarning boshqa turlari orasida Grenlandiya iti, Samoyed ham mavjud.

== Alternativ faoliyat ==
Haskilarni uy hayvoni sifatida boquvchi ko'pgina insonlar chana tortish uchun mos kelmaydigan uy sharoitida boʻlganliklari tufayli it uchun yaxshi va egasi uchun yoqimli mashg'ulotlar o'ylab topishdi.

* '''[[Skijoring]]''' — yoki changʻida uchish sportining yoʻnalishlardan biri boʻlib, changʻi poygachisi bir yoki bir nechta itlar bilan birga changʻi masofasi boʻylab erkin uslubda harakatlanadi. 
* It bilan sayr qilish - o'rmon yo'llariga yaqinroq yashaydigan egalari uchun qulaydir. It egalari o'z uy hayvonlari bilan cho'l bo'ylab, so'qmoq bo'ylab sayohat qiladi. Ushbu faoliyat egasi va itga kuchli tortishish hissi ishlatmasdan mashq qilish imkonini beradi. Ba'zi kompaniyalar itlar uchun lager jihozlarini ishlab chiqaradilar, ularda egalar o'z jihozlarini, jumladan, suv, oziq-ovqat va piyolalarni olib yurishlari mumkin.
* Karting - bu itlarga chana torttirishining shaharga moslashtirilgan usuli. Bu yerda it, mol yoki odamni o'z ichiga olgan aravani torttirish mumkin. Ushbu aravalarni sotib olishingiz yoki o'zingiz shunday aravalarni yasashingiz mumkin.
* Bayk-joring - chana sportining bir turi bo'lib, unda itlar jamoasi velosipedga bog'lanadi. Velosipedchini ham tortib olish uchun it yoki itlar guruhi ip bilan biriktirilishi mumkin.
* Kanikross - chanada uchish mashg'uloti bo'lib, unda it yugurayotgan sportchini tortadi[1] Itni sportchi bilan bog'laydigan shnur sportchining bel kamariga bog'langan bo'ladi. Mashg'ulotlar bilan shug'ullanishni endigina boshlagan itlar uchun bu yaxshi mashq hisoblanadi, chunki unga minimal jihozlar talab etiladi.

Mashg'ulotlarning qulayligi, ularning samaradorligini oshirish va poyganing ikkala ishtirokchisiga ham shikast yetkazish ehtimolini kamaytirish uchun quyidagi jihozlardan foydalaniladi:

* Kanikros uchun maxsus kamar, u kestirib, bog'langan va orqa tomonga og'irlik ortib ketishidan himoya qiladi; bir tomondan, itning harakatiga to'sqinlik qilmaydigan, ikkinchi tomondan, it sportchini yo'lka bo'ylab tortib olishi uchun yetarlicha kuchli boʻlgan minish jabduqlari; 
* Shnur - uchida amortizatorli 2,5 metr uzunlikdagi maxsus shnur, u karabinalar yordamida yuguruvchining kamarini va itning jabduqlarini bog'laydi. Har qanday sportda boʻlgani kabi, kanikrossda ham mashg'ulot jarayoni yuklarni bosqichma-bosqich oshirib borish va yugurish va intizom mashg'ulotlarini mohirona almashtirish bilan tizimli mashqlarga asoslanadi[4].

== Haskilar mashhur madaniyatda ==
''Uchta it kechasi'' iborasi, ya'ni juda sovuq boʻlganida, isinish uchun yotoqda uchta it kerak boʻlganda, Sibir haskilarini saqlagan Sibirdan kelgan [[Chukchalar|Chukchidan]] kelib chiqqan.

Haskilar AQSHdagi bir qancha oliy taʼlim muassasalarining maskotlari, jumladan Hyustondagi Baptist universiteti, [[Vashington universiteti|Vashington]] universiteti, Konnektikut universiteti, Pensilvaniyaning Bloomsburg universiteti, Shimoliy- Sharqiy universitet, [[Michigan]] texnologik universiteti, Shimoliy [[Illinoys]] universiteti<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.dogingtonpost.com/us-colleges-universities-with-dogs-for-mascots/|sarlavha=US Colleges & Universities with Dogs for Mascots|ism=Brandy|familiya=Arnold|ish=The Doginton Post|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29}}</ref>, Sent-Cloud Davlat universiteti<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.stcloudstate.edu/scsuathletics/|sarlavha=Husky Athletics and Recreation|ish=St. Cloud State University|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29}}</ref>. Janubiy Meyn universiteti<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://usm.maine.edu/campus-life/usms-husky-mascot|sarlavha=Campus Life|ish=University of Southern Maine|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729162750/http://usm.maine.edu/campus-life/usms-husky-mascot|arxivsana=2014-07-29}}</ref> va Viskonsin-Marafon universiteti<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://uwmc.uwc.edu/campus/news/releases/uwmc-unveils-new-husky-mascot|sarlavha=UWMC unveils new Husky mascot|ish=University of Wisconsin - Marathon County|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809090540/http://uwmc.uwc.edu/campus/news/releases/uwmc-unveils-new-husky-mascot|arxivsana=2014-08-09}}</ref>. Ular, shuningdek, Sent-Meri universiteti (Galifaks)<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.saintmarys.ca/thisweek/SMTW-11-19-12.html|sarlavha=Saint Mary's This Week|ish=Saint Mary's University|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072642/http://www.saintmarys.ca/thisweek/SMTW-11-19-12.html|arxivsana=2016-03-04}}</ref>, Jorj Braun kolleji (Toronto)<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.georgebrown.ca/athletics/staff/georgebrownhuskies/|sarlavha=George Brown Athletics|ish=George Brown College|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729112006/https://www.georgebrown.ca/athletics/staff/georgebrownhuskies/|arxivsana=2018-07-29}}</ref> va Kanadadagi Saskachevan universitetining maskotlaridir<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.independentsportsnews.com/canada/saskatchewan/week-14-huskie-athletics-top-100-moments|sarlavha=Week 14 - Huskie Athletics Top 100 Moments|ism=Tim|familiya=Davis|ish=Independent Sports News|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810014833/http://www.independentsportsnews.com/canada/saskatchewan/week-14-huskie-athletics-top-100-moments|arxivsana=2014-08-10}}</ref>.

[[Ikkinchi Jahon urushi]] paytida Ittifoqchilarning 1943-yilda Sitsiliyaga bostirib kirishi " Haski operatsiyasi " deb nomlandi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.combinedops.com/husky.htm|sarlavha=Operation husky: Sicily - 9/10 July 1943|ish=Combined Operations Command|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29}}</ref>.

Haskilar bir nechta kinofilmlarda, xususan, chana kontekstida paydo boʻlgan, jumladan " Balto ", "Temir iroda", " Qorli itlar " va " Oq asirlik "<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://allaboutsiberianhuskies.com/huskies-on-film/|sarlavha=Huskies on Film|ish=All About Huskies|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29|arxivsana=2014-08-13|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813232804/http://allaboutsiberianhuskies.com/huskies-on-film/}}</ref>.

Bo'rilar aks ettirilgan " [[:en:The Twilight Saga (film series)|Oqshom]] " dostoni va birinchi mavsumida asosan Dahshatli bo'rilar ishtirok etgan "Taxtlar o'yini" teleko'rsatuvi Haski zotlarining mashhurligini oshirishga sabab boʻlgan; ammo, hayvonlarni xayriya tashkilotlari, shuningdek, ularning tabiati tufayli Haski zotli itlardan voz kechish soni ham ko'paygan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/game-of-thrones-inspired-huskie-craze-goes-cold-as-owners-give-up-on-dogs-8431188.html|sarlavha=Game of Thrones inspired Huskie craze goes cold as owners give up on dogs|ism=Liam|familiya=O'Brien|ish=The Independent|nashriyot=The Independent|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.bluecross.org.uk/478-125511/pet-fashion-victims-on-the-rise-warns-blue-cross.html|sarlavha=Pet ‘fashion victims’ on the rise, warns Blue Cross|ish=Blue Cross|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729163932/http://www.bluecross.org.uk/478-125511/pet-fashion-victims-on-the-rise-warns-blue-cross.html|arxivsana=2014-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.pet360.com/blog/post/wag-long-and-prosper/how-game-of-thrones-influences-breed-trends/H2_shYT04Em4gxBJfHWnNQ|sarlavha=How Game of Thrones Influences Breed Trends|ish=Pet360|qaralgan sana=2014-07-29|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710042242/https://www.pet360.com/blog/post/wag-long-and-prosper/how-game-of-thrones-influences-breed-trends/H2_shYT04Em4gxBJfHWnNQ|arxivsana=2017-07-10}}</ref>.

" Shimolga ” teleserialida “Difenbeyker” laqabli yarim haski/yarim bo‘ri bosh qahramonning uy hayvoni bo‘lgan.

"OTTA orkestri" guruhining kompozitsiyalaridan biri "Haski" deb ataladi<ref>{{YouTube|IGJEUHo6zRs|OTTA orchestra. «Husky»}}</ref> .

== Eslatmalar ==
{{Vikilugʻat|хаски}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Chana itlari]]
[[Turkum:Zotdor itlar]]