Indoneziyaning gulli timsollari sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[Fayl:Arabian_jasmin,_Tunisia_2010.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Arabian_jasmin%2C_Tunisia_2010.jpg/265px-Arabian_jasmin%2C_Tunisia_2010.jpg|thumb|265x265px| ''Jasminum sambac'', [[Indoneziya|Indoneziyaning]] milliy guli]]
'''Indoneziyaning gulli timsollari''' Indoneziyaning endemik florasi vakillaridan tuzilgan boʻlib, ular [[Indoneziya|Indoneziyani]] ifodalovchi va Indoneziya bioxilma-xilligini tavsiflovchi milliy ramz maqomini olgan. Milliy gul ramzlari bilan bir qatorda Indoneziyaning har bir tegishli provinsiyasini ifodalovchi oʻziga xos viloyat gulli timsollari ham mavjud.

Bundan tashqari, Indoneziya ham Teak oʻsimligini milliy daraxt sifatida eʼtirof etadi.

== Indoneziya milliy gulli timsollari ==
[[Fayl:Rafflesia_sumatra.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rafflesia_sumatra.jpg/220px-Rafflesia_sumatra.jpg|thumb| [[Sumatra|Sumatradagi]] [[Raffleziya arnoldi|Raffleziya arnoldii]]]]
Indoneziya ramzi boʻlgan gulli timsollarning uchta toifasi mavjud:

# [[Indoneziya|Indoneziyaning]] '''milliy guli''' ({{Lang-id|Puspa bangsa}}) — ''Melati putih'' (''Jasminum sambac'') <ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=KEPPRES No. 4 Tahun 1993 tentang Satwa dan Bunga Nasional [JDIH BPK RI]|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/61884/keppres-no-4-tahun-1993|kirish sanasi=2021-08-14|ish=peraturan.bpk.go.id}}</ref>
# '''Jozibali gul''' ({{Lang-id|Puspa pesona}}) — ''Anggrek Bulan'' (Oy orxideyasi) (''Phalaenopsis amabilis''))<ref name="ASEANnationalflowers">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.asean.org/18204.htm|sarlavha=ASEAN National Flowers|nashriyot=ASEAN|kirish sanasi=8 June 2007|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120052549/http://www.asean.org/18204.htm|arxivsana=20 January 2012}}</ref>
# '''Noyob gul''' ({{Lang-id|Puspa langka}}) — ''Padma Raksasa Rafflesia'' (''[[Raffleziya arnoldi|Rafflesia arnoldii]]''). Uchalasi ham 1990-yilda Butunjahon atrof-muhit kunida tanlangan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.asean.org/18203.htm|sarlavha=ASEANWEB - ASEAN National Flowers|kirish sanasi=2011-10-23|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031050100/http://www.asean.org/18203.htm|arxivsana=31 October 2011}}</ref>. Keyingi bayram vaqtida ''Bunga'' ''Bangkai'' (''Titan arum'') oʻsimligi ham Rafflesia guli bilan birga ''puspa langka — noyob gul'' sifatida qoʻshildi.

''Melati putih'' (''jasminum sambac''), shirin xushboʻy hidli kichik oq gul, Indoneziya anʼanalariga koʻra uzoq vaqtdan beri muqaddas gul hisoblanib kelingan, chunki u poklik, muqaddaslik, nafislik, soddalik va samimiylik maʼnolarini anglatadi. Rasmiy milliy ramz sifatida 1990-yilda Butunjahon atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish kunida eʼlon qilingan va Prezidentning 1993-yildagi 4-sonli Farmoni (''Keputusan Presiden'') orqali qonun bilan kuchga kirgan boʻlsa-da, ''Jasminum sambacning'' Indoneziya madaniyatidagi ahamiyati uning rasmiy qabul qilinishidan oldinroq sodir boʻlgan. Sukarno davrida Indoneziya Respublikasi tashkil topganidan beri ''melati putih'' har doim norasmiy ravishda Indoneziyaning milliy guli sifatida eʼtirof etilgan. Ushbu gulning hurmati va yuksak mavqei, asosan, qadim zamonlardan beri Indoneziya anʼanalarida ''yasemin sambakining'' ahamiyati bilan aloqador degan taxminlar mavjud.

''Melati putih'', shuningdek, mahalliy indoneziyaliklar uchun toʻy marosimlari vaqtida, ayniqsa [[Yava|Java]] orolida eng muhim gul hisoblanadi<ref name="fao">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac452e/ac452e05.htm|sarlavha=Cut Flower Production in Indonesia|muallif=Toto Sutater & Kusumah Effendie|nashriyot=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|kirish sanasi=8 May 2011}}</ref>. Toʻliq ochilmagan yasemin gul kurtaklari odatda ''ronsen melati'' deb ataladigan yasemin gulchambarlarini yaratish uchun olinadi. Toʻy kunlarida anʼanaviy [[Yavaliklar|yavalik]] yoki [[Sundanliklar|sundanlik]] kelinning sochidagi ''konde'' (soch oʻrami) ni yopish uchun soch toʻgʻnogʻichiga oʻrnatilgan yasemin gulchambarlaridan foydalanishadi. Yasemin gulchambarlarining bir-biriga bogʻlangan toʻplami kelinning bosh qismiga oʻrnatiladi. Kuyovning [[kris]] (qurol)i, Arya Penangsang afsonasi bilan bogʻliq boʻlgan ''roncen usus-usus'' (ichaksimon gulchambarlar) deb nomlangan beshta yasemin gulchambari bilan bezatiladi. Makassar va [[Bugilar|Bugi]] kelinlarining sochlari marvaridga oʻxshash yasemin kurtaklari bilan bezatiladi Yasemin, shuningdek, ruhlar va xudolar uchun, ayniqsa, [[Baliliklar|Bali]] hindulari orasida gul qurbonliklari sifatida ishlatiladi va koʻpincha dafn marosimlarida ham qoʻllanadi.

Yasemin Indoneziya anʼanalarida keng amahiyatga ega; bu hayot, goʻzallik va tantanali toʻyni ifoda etuvchi guldir, lekin u koʻpincha ruh va oʻlim bilan bogʻliq tarzda ham tavsiflanadi. Indoneziyaning vatanparvarlik qoʻshiqlari va sheʼrlarida halok boʻlgan ''melati'' koʻpincha vatan uchun jonini fido qilgan halok boʻlgan qahramonlar timsoli sifatida olqishlanadi. Ismoil Marzukining vatanparvarlik qoʻshigʻi ''"Melati di Tapal Batas"'' (chegaradagi yasemin) (1947) va Guruh Sukarnoputraning ''"Melati Suci"'' (muqaddas yasemin) (1974) yaseminni halok boʻlgan qahramonlar timsoli sifatida aniq ifodalaydi hamda ular timsolini abadiylashtiradi.

Keyingi ikkita milliy gul turli sabablarga koʻra tanlangan. Oy orxideyasi oʻzining goʻzalligi uchun bu roʻyxatga kiritilgan boʻlsa, qolgan ikkita noyob gullar ''Rafflesia arnoldii'' va ''Titan arum'' oʻziga xosligi va Indoneziya gullarining biologik xilma-xilligini ifoda etish maqsadida etirof etilgan.

== Indoneziya viloyatlarining gulli timsollari ==
Indoneziyaning 34 viloyatining har birida gul timsoli sifatida ishlatiladigan mahalliy oʻsimliklar mavjud. Quyida Indoneziya viloyatlari ramzini ifodalovchi Indoneziya gul timsollari roʻyxati berilgan.

* [[Achex (provinsiya)|Aceh]] — ''Bunga Jeumpa'' (''Michelia champaca'') <ref name="Michelia champaca">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=108|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Michelia champaca|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717115302/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=108}}</ref>
* [[Shimoliy Sumatra]] — ''Kenanga'' (''Cananga odorata'') <ref name="Cananga odorata">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=95|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Cananga odorata|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717115458/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=95}}</ref>
* [[Gʻarbiy Sumatra]] — ''Poxon Andalas'' (''Morus macroura'') <ref name="Morus macroura">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=110|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Morus macroura|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717115616/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=110}}</ref>
* [[Riau]] — ''Nibung'' (''Oncosperma tigillarium'') <ref name="Oncosperma tigillarium">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=112|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Oncosperma tigillarium|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717115650/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=112}}</ref>
* [[Riau orollari]] — ''Sirih'' (''Piper qoʻngʻizi'') <ref name="Piper betle">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=115|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Piper betle|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120001/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=115}}</ref>
* [[Jambi]] — ''Pinang Merah'' (''Cyrtostachys renda'') <ref name="Cyrtostachys renda">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=97|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Cyrtostachys renda|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120049/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=97}}</ref>
* [[Janubiy Sumatra]] — ''Duku'' (''Lansium parasiticum'') <ref name="Lansium domesticum">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=105|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=''Lansium domesticum''|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120135/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=105}}</ref>
* [[Bengkulu]] — ''Suweg Raksasa'' (Amorphophallus ''titanum'') <ref name="Amorphophallus titanum">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=92|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Amorphophallus titanum|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120152/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=92}}</ref>
* [[Bangka-Belitung|Bangka Belitung]] — ''Nagasari'' (''Palaquium rostratum'') <ref name="Palaquium rostratum">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=113|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Palaquium rostratum|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120208/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=113}}</ref>
* [[Lampung]] — ''Bunga Ashar'' (''Mirabilis jalapa'') <ref name="Mirabilis jalapa">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=109|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Mirabilis jalapa|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120213/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=109}}</ref>
* [[Banten]] — ''Kokoleceran'' (''Vatica bantamensis'') <ref name="Vatica bantamensis">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=123|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Vatica bantamensis|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120224/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=123}}</ref>
* [[Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]] — ''Salak Kondet'' (Salakka ''edulis'') <ref name="Salacca edulis">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=118|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Salacca edulis|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120238/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=118}}</ref>
* [[Gʻarbiy Java]] — Gandariya (''Bouea'' ''macrophylla'') <ref name="Bouea macrophylla">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=94|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Bouea macrophylla|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120335/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=94}}</ref>
* [[Markaziy Java]] — ''Kantil'' (''Michelia alba'') <ref name="Michelia alba">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=107|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Michelia alba|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120350/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=107}}</ref>
* [[Yogyakarta maxsus hududi]] — ''Kepel'' (''Stelechocarpus burahol'') <ref name="Stelechocarpus burahol">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=121|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Stelechocarpus burahol|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120537/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=121}}</ref>
* [[Sharqiy Java]] — ''Sedap Malam'' (''[[Tabargul|Agave amica]]'', sin. ''polianthes tuberosa'') <ref name="Polianthes tuberosa">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=116|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Polyanthes tuberosa|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120636/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=116}}</ref>
* [[Gʻarbiy Kalimantan]] — ''Tengkawang Tungkul'' (''Shorea stenoptera'') <ref name="Shorea stenoptera">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=120|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Shorea stenoptera|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120711/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=120}}</ref>
* [[Janubiy Kalimantan]] — ''Kasturi'' (''Mangifera casturi'') <ref name="Mangifera casturi">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=106|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Mangifera casturi|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120725/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=106}}</ref>
* [[Markaziy Kalimantan]] — ''Tenggaring'' (Nephelium ''lappaceum'') <ref name="Nephelium lappaceum">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=111|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Nephelium lappaceum|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120735/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=111}}</ref>
* [[Shimoliy Kalimantan]] — ''Anggrek Hitam'' (''Coelogyne pandurata'') <ref name="Coelogyne pandurata">{{veb manbasi |url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=96 |publisher=Prosea |title=Coelogyne pandurata |access-date=4 November 2007 |arxivsana=2011-07-17 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120815/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=96 }}</ref>
* [[Shimoliy Sulavesi]] — ''Longusei'' (''Ficus minahasae'') <ref name="Ficus minahasae">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=104|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Ficus minahasae|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120907/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=104}}</ref>
* [[Gorontalo]] — ''Gofasa, Gupasa'' (''Vitex cofassus'') <ref name="Vitex cofassus">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=124|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Vitex cofassus|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120927/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=124}}</ref>
* [[Markaziy Sulavesi]] — ''Eboni'' (''Diospyros celebica'') <ref name="Diospyros celebica">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=100|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Diospyros celebica|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120949/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=100}}</ref>
* [[Janubi-Sharqiy Sulavesi]] — ''Anggrek Serat'' (''Dendrobium util'') <ref name="Dendrobium utile">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=99|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Dendrobium utile|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717121133/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=99}}</ref>
* [[Gʻarbiy Sulavesi]] — ''Cempaka hutan kasar'' (''Elmerrillia ovalis'') <ref name="Elmerrillia ovalis">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=103|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Elmerrillia ovalis|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717121213/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=103}}</ref>
* [[Janubiy Sulavesi]] — ''Lontar'' (''Borassus flabellifer'') <ref name="Borassus flabellifer">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=93|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Borassus flabellifer|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717121516/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=93}}</ref>
* [[Bali]] — ''Majegau'' (''Dysoxylum densiflorum'') <ref name="Dysoxylum densiflorum">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=102|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Dysoxylum densiflorum|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717121523/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=102}}</ref>
* [[Gʻarbiy Nusa Tenggara]] — ''Ajan Kelicung'' (''Diospyros macrophylla'') <ref name="Diospyros macrophylla">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=101|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Diospyros macrophylla|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717121530/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=101}}</ref>
* [[Sharqiy Nusa Tenggara]] — ''Cendana'' (''Santalum albomi'') <ref name="Santalum album">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=119|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Santalum album|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717121819/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=119}}</ref>
* [[Maluku]] — ''Anggrek Larat'' (''Dendrobium'' phalaenopsis) <ref name="Dendrobium phalaenopsis">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=98|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Dendrobium phalaenopsis|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717121931/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=98}}</ref>
* [[Shimoliy Maluku]] — ''Cengkeh'' (''Syzygium aromaticum'') <ref name="Syzygium aromaticum">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=122|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Syzygium aromaticum|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717122311/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=122}}</ref>
* [[Gʻarbiy Papua]] — ''Matoa'' (''Pometia pinnata'') <ref name="Pometia pinnata">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=117|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Pometia pinnata|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717122408/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=117}}</ref>
* [[Papua]] — ''Buah merah'' (''Pandanus conoideus'')<ref name="Pandanus conoideus">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=114|nashriyot=Prosea|sarlavha=Pandanus conoideus|kirish sanasi=4 November 2007|arxivsana=2011-07-17|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717122423/http://www.proseanet.org/prohati4/browser.php?docsid=114}}</ref>
* Sobiq provinsiya Timor Timur ([[Sharqiy Timor]]) — ''Ampupu'' (''Eucalyptus urophylla'')

== Yana qarang ==

* [[Indoneziya hayvonlarining timsollari roʻyxati]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Milliy ramzlar]]
[[Turkum:Indoneziyaning milliy simvollari]]
[[Turkum:Indoneziya florasi]]