Levi Strauss sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi|ismi=Levi Strauss|portret=Levi Strauss 1.jpg|tavsif=|tavallud sanasi={{Birth date|1829|2|26}}|tugʻilgan paytidagi ismi=Löb Strauß|tavallud joyi=[[Buttenheim]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria]], [[German Confederation]]|vafot sanasi={{Death date and age|1902|9|26|1829|2|26|mf=yes}}|vafot joyi=[[San Francisco]], [[California]], [[United States]]|kasbi=Businessman|fuqaroligi=German Confederation (1829-1853)<br />United States (1853-1902)}}
'''Levi Strauss''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|iː|v|aɪ|_|ˈ|s|t|r|aʊ|s}} {{Respell|LEE|vy|_|STROWSS}} ; tugʻilgan '''Löb Strauß''', {{IPA-de|løːp ˈʃtʁaʊs|lang}} ; 1829-yil 26-fevral — 1902-yil 26-sentyabr) — nemis asli amerikalik tadbirkor boʻlib, [[Jeans|koʻk jinsi shimlar]] ishlab chiqaruvchi birinchi kompaniyaga asos solgan. Uning Levi Strauss &amp;amp; Co. (Levi’s) firmasi 1853-yilda [[Kaliforniya|Kaliforniyaning]] [[San Francisco|San-Fransisko]] shahrida oʻz ishini boshlagan<ref name="Downey">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/default/files/librarydocument/2010/4/History_Levi_Strauss_Biography.pdf|sarlavha=Levi Strauss: a short biography|ism=Lynn|muallif=Downey|nashriyot=Levi Strauss & Co.|yil=2008|qaralgan sana=January 1, 2011|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723005530/http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/default/files/librarydocument/2010/4/History_Levi_Strauss_Biography.pdf|arxivsana=July 23, 2011}}</ref><ref>James Sullivan, ''Jeans: a cultural history of an American icon'' (Gotham, 2007).</ref>.

== Hayotning boshlangʻich davri ==
[[Fayl:Buttenheim_Levi_Strauss_Haus.jpg|thumb| Levi Straussning tugʻilgan joyi]]
Levi Strauss 1829-yil 26-fevralda [[Germaniya]] Konfederatsiyasiga qarashli [[Bavariya]] Qirolligining Frankoniya hududida [[Buttenheim|Buttenxaym]] shahrida [[Ashkenazilar|ashkenaziy yahudiy]] oilasida tug‘ilgan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|title=Towers of Gold: How One Jewish Immigrant Named Isaias Hellman Created California|first=Frances|last=Dinkelspiel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yc_xK2K_PeMC&q=Levi+Strauss+birthplace&pg=PA145|page=145|year=2010|publisher=St. Johns Martin's Press|isbn=978-0-312-35527-2|accessdate=May 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Kellogg|first=Ann T.|title=In an Influential Fashion: An Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-and Twentieth-century Fashion Designers and Retailers who Transformed Dress|year=2002|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-31220-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIgUAQAAIAAJ&q=levi+strauss+February+26,+1829,|language=en}}</ref>. U Hirsch Strauss va uning ikkinchi rafiqasi Rebecca Straussning (née Haas) oʻgʻli edi<ref>Dietze, Joachim. „[http://www.joachim-dietze.de/pdf/levis_aa.pdf Levi Strauss]“ (family tree). joachim-dietze.de. Rebecca Haas, July 6, 1799-1869 San Francisco. Source: Levi-Strauss-Museum, Buttenheim. Retrieved March 20, 2019.</ref><ref>"[http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DAC18690108.2.38.1 Died]". ''Daily Alta California'' (San Francisco). January 8, 1869. Via California Digital Newspaper Collection. cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved March 20, 2019. „In this city, Jan. 6th, Mrs. Rebecca Strauss, mother of Levi Strauss, of this city, aged 69 years, a native of Bavaria.“</ref>.

1847-yilda 18 yoshida Strauss onasi va ikki singlisi bilan [[New York (shahar)|Nyu-York shahridagi]] Manxettendagi Liberty koʻchasi 108 uyda joylashgan J. Strauss Brother & Co. nomli quruq mahsulotlar ulgurji savdosini boshlagan akalari Jonas va Lui bilan birga [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari|Qoʻshma Shtatlarga]] sayohat qildi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|title=American inventors, entrepreneurs and business visionaries|first=Charles W.|last=Carey|pages=331–332|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKiGgl36bkgC&q=Levi+Strauss+birthplace++Buttenheim&pg=PA331|year=2002|publisher=Facts on File|isbn=978-0-8160-4559-4|accessdate=May 1, 2012}}</ref><ref name="PBS">{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Who Made America? {{!}} Innovators {{!}} Levi Strauss|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/strauss_hi.html|ish=www.pbs.org}}</ref><ref name="Vpreservation">{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Levi Strauss, From Immigrant Peddler to International Icon|url=https://www.villagepreservation.org/2021/02/26/levi-strauss-from-immigrant-peddler-to-international-icon/|ish=Village Preservation|sana=February 26, 2021}}</ref>. Nyu-Yorkka kelganidan soʻng, Strauss akasining doʻkonidagi tovarlar: choynaklar, koʻrpa-toʻshaklar va tikuvchilik buyumlarini sotuvchi boʻlib ishladi<ref name="PBS" /><ref name="Vpreservation" />.

== Biznesdagi faoliyati ==
Levining singlisi Fanny va uning eri David Stern [[Saint Louis|Missuri shtatining Sent-Luis]] shahriga koʻchib oʻtishdi, Levi esa [[Louisville (Kentucky)|Kentukki shtatining Luisvill]] shahrida yashash uchun borib, u yerda akalarining buyumlarini sotdi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fDyckjF2IWgC&q=Levi's+sister+Fanny&pg=PT122|title=They made America|first=Harold|last=Evans|year=2004|publisher=Little Brown|isbn=978-0-316-27766-2|accessdate=November 12, 2012}}</ref>. Levi 1853-yilning yanvarida Amerika fuqaroligini oldi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XOPZ2nA6OcEC&q=Levi's+sister+Fanny&pg=PA172|page=172|title=Blessings of freedom: chapters in American Jewish history|first=Michael|last=Feldberg|publisher=KTAV Publishing|year=2002|isbn=978-0-88125-755-7|accessdate=November 12, 2012}}</ref>.

Oila [[San Francisco|San-Frantsiskoda]] quruq mahsulotlar biznesining Gʻarbiy qirgʻoq filialini ochishga qaror qildi, bu California Gold Rush savdo markazi edi. Ularning vakili sifatida Levi saylandi va u San-Frantsiskoga paroxod olib, u yerga 1854-yil mart oyining boshlarida yetib keldi va singlisining oilasiga qo‘shildi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18OdlLqqdykC&q=Levi's+sister+Fanny&pg=PT68|page=59|title=America: the Jewish experience|first=Sondra|last=Leiman|year=1994|publisher=UAHC Press|isbn=978-0-8074-0500-0|accessdate=November 12, 2012}}</ref>.

Strauss oʻzining ulgurji biznesini Levi Strauss &amp;amp; Co. sifatida ochdi va Nyu-Yorkdagi akalaridan kiyim-kechak, koʻrpa-toʻshak, taroq, hamyon va roʻmol kabi nozik quruq mahsulotlarni import qildi. U Fannyning oʻsib borayotgan oilasi bilan yashab chodirlar va keyinchalik jinsi shimlar yasadi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8iAjxdfLDgsC&q=Levi+lived+with+his+sister+&pg=PA9|page=9|title=Levi Strauss & Co.|first=Lynn|last=Downe|publisher=Arcadia Publishers|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7385-5553-9|accessdate=November 12, 2012}}</ref>. Jacob W. Davis uning mijozlaridan biri va perchinli jinsi shimlar ixtirochisi edi va 1871-yilda<ref>{{Citation |last=Loverin |first=Jan |title=A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention |url=http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf |work=Nevada State Museum Newsletter |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=4 |year=2006 |access-date=March 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf |archive-date=April 29, 2013}}</ref> u Strauss bilan koʻk jinsi shimlar ishlab chiqarish uchun biznesga kirishdi. Ikki kishi 1873-yilda yangi uslubdagi ish shimlarini patentladilar.

== Oʻlimi haqida ==
Levi Strauss 1902-yil 26-sentyabrda vafot etdi va Kaliforniyaning Kolma shahridagi Tinchlik uyi qabristoniga dafn qilindi. U kompaniyani toʻrt jiyani — singlisi Fanny va uning eri David Sternning oʻgʻillari — Jacob, Zigmund, Louis va Abraham Sternga qoldirdi. Uning mulki taxminan 6 million dollarga teng edi (2021-yilda 155 dollarga teng)<ref name="Downey">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/default/files/librarydocument/2010/4/History_Levi_Strauss_Biography.pdf|sarlavha=Levi Strauss: a short biography|ism=Lynn|muallif=Downey|nashriyot=Levi Strauss & Co.|yil=2008|qaralgan sana=January 1, 2011|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723005530/http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/default/files/librarydocument/2010/4/History_Levi_Strauss_Biography.pdf|arxivsana=July 23, 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDowney2008">Downey, Lynn (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723005530/http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/default/files/librarydocument/2010/4/History_Levi_Strauss_Biography.pdf „Levi Strauss: a short biography“] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Levi Strauss & Co. Archived from [http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/default/files/librarydocument/2010/4/History_Levi_Strauss_Biography.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref>. Zigmundning yagona farzandi Elise, Abraham Haasning oʻgʻli Walter A. Haasga turmushga chiqdi, uning avlodlari Levi Strauss & Co.ning hozirgi egalari<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=The Philanthropists|nashriyot=American Jerusalem - Jews and the Making of the American West|url=http://www.americanjerusalem.com/characters/the-philanthropists/33|qaralgan sana=April 17, 2018}}</ref>.

== Meros ==
[[Islohotchi (reformist) yahudiylik|Iudaizmning islohot boʻlimining]] aʼzosi Levi Strauss San-Fransisko shahridagi birinchi yahudiy [[Sinagoga|ibodatxonasi]] boʻlgan Emanu-El jamoatini tashkil etishga yordam berdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/the-nearly-forgotten-jews-who-helped-make-the-american-west/|sarlavha=The nearly forgotten Jews who helped make the American West|muallif=Eshman|ism=Adi|ish=www.timesofisrael.com|til=en-US|qaralgan sana=December 22, 2019}}</ref>. Shuningdek, u bir nechta xayriya tashkilotlariga, shu jumladan yetimlar uchun maxsus fondlarga pul ajratdi. Levi Strauss jamgʻarmasi 1897-yilda [[Berkeley universiteti (Kaliforniya)|Berkli Kaliforniya universitetiga]] 28 ta grant uchun mablagʻ ajratgan xayriya bilan boshlandi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.levistrauss.com/about/foundations/|sarlavha=Foundations – Levi Strauss & Co|nashriyot=Levistrauss.com|qaralgan sana=November 7, 2012|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105040252/http://www.levistrauss.com/about/foundations|arxivsana=November 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi|title=Where to educate, 1898–1899. A guide to the best private schools, higher institutions of learning, etc., in the United States|last=Thomas|first=Grace Powers|year=1898|publisher=Brown and Company|location=Boston|page=10|accessdate=August 17, 2012|url=https://archive.org/stream/wheretoeducate1800thomrich#page/10/mode/1up}}</ref>.

Levi Strauss muzeyi 1687-yilda [[Buttenheim|Buttenxaymda]] Strauss tugʻilgan uyda joylashgan. Shuningdek, San-Frantsiskodagi Levi Strauss & Co. shtab-kvartirasida tarixiy eksponatlarni oʻz ichiga olgan tashrif buyuruvchilar markazi mavjud.

1994-yilda u Milliy Kovboy va Gʻarbiy meros muzeyining Buyuk Gʻarbliklar zaliga kiritildi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Hall of Great Westerners|url=https://nationalcowboymuseum.org/hall-of-great-westerners/|ish=National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum|qaralgan sana=November 22, 2019}}</ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|30em}}

== Havolalar ==
* Levi Straussning rasmiy saytidan Levi [https://web.archive.org/web/20160817174207/http://lsco.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Levi-Strauss-Full-Biography.pdf Straussning tarjimai holi] .
* Levi Strauss
* [http://www.levi-strauss-museum.de/ Buttenxaymdagi Levi Strauss muzeyi, Germaniya] {{In lang|de}}
* Levi Strauss
[[Turkum:1829-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:Jinsi shimlar]]
[[Turkum:Ixtirochilar]]
[[Turkum:Buyuk Gʻarbliklar]]