STUDENT (kompyuter dasturi) sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''STUDENT''' bu algebrik masalalardagi muammolarini hal qilish uchun ishlab chiqilgan dastlabki [[sun'iy intellekt]] dasturi. Bu dastur [[Lisp]]da [[Daniel Bobrow]] tomonidan 1964-yilda doktorlik dissertatsiyasi sifatida yozilgan (Bobrow 1964). Ushbu dastur oʻrta maktab algebra kitoblarida uchraydigan masalalarni oʻqish va ularga yechim topish uchun moʻljallangan<ref name="norvig">{{cite book |last= Norvig|first= Peter |title=Paradigms of artificial intelligence programming:case studies in Common Lisp|url= https://archive.org/details/paradigmsofartif0000norv|location=[[San Francisco]], [[California]]|publisher=Morgan Kaufmann|year= 1992|pages=[https://archive.org/details/paradigmsofartif0000norv/page/109 109]–149|isbn= 1-55860-191-0}}</ref>. Dastur koʻpincha [[tabiiy tilni qayta ishlash]]da (NLP) sunʼiy intellektning dastlabki yutugʻi sifatida tilga olinadi.
== Texnik tavsifi ==
1960-yillarda kompyuterlar asosan faqat universitetlarda tadqiqot kontekstida mavjud edi. [[MIT]]dagi [[MAC]] loyihasi doirasida STUDENT dasturi matematik savollarga javob beruvchi dasturiy taʼminotning dastlabki namunasi boʻlib, ushbu tizim tabiiy tilni qayta ishlash va [[symbolic programming]] (ramziy dasturlash)ni oʻz ichiga oladi<ref>{{cite thesis |type=PhD |title=Natural language input for a computer problem solving system |author=Bobrow, Daniel G |year=1964 |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology }}</ref>. Matematik masalalarni yechishga qaratilgan bu kabi boshqa tizimlarni ishlab chiqish 1960-yillarda qattiq disk va dasturiy taʼminotda ham amalga oshirildi: masalan, Philips, Baseball va Synthex tizimlari<ref>{{cite thesis |type=PhD |title=SIR: A computer program for semantic information retrieval |author=Raphael, Bertram |year=1964 |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology }}</ref>.

STUDENT tizimi matematik masalalarni yechish uchun quyidagicha harakatlanadi: dastlab masala yozma ravishda, yaʼni soʻzlar bilan tizimga kiritiladi, dastur masalani yechgandan soʻng javobni raqamlar bilan ifodalaydi. Bu shaklni oʻzgartirish evristikadan iborat qatlamli quvur liniyasida amalga oshiriladi. Dastlab, ingliz tilidagi jumlalar yadroli jumlalarga aylantiriladi, ularning har biri bitta maʼlumotni oʻz ichiga oladi. Keyinchalik, yadro jumlalar matematik ifodalarga aylantiriladi<ref>|{{ cite conference |doi=10.18653/v1/d15-1135 |year=2015 |publisher=Association for Computational Linguistics |author=Shuming Shi and Yuehui Wang and Chin-Yew Lin and Xiaojiang Liu and Yong Rui |title=Automatically Solving Number Word Problems by Semantic Parsing and Reasoning |conference=Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing |doi-access=free }}</ref>. Transformatsiyani qoʻllab-quvvatlaydigan bilimlar bazasi 52 ta faktni oʻz ichiga oladi{{manba kerak|date=March 2020}}<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01083.x |year=2010 |publisher=Wiley |volume=2 |number=3 |pages=345–356 |author=Kenneth D. Forbus |title=AI and Cognitive Science: The Past and Next 30 Years |journal=Topics in Cognitive Science |pmid=25163864 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

STUDENT dasturi mantiqiy xulosaga ega qoidaga asoslangan tizimdan foydalanadi<ref>{{cite conference |title=Designing a tag-based statistical math word problem solver with reasoning and explanation |author=Lin, Yi-Chung and Liang, Chao-Chun and Hsu, Kuang-Yi and Huang, Chien-Tsung and Miao, Shen-Yun and Ma, Wei-Yun and Ku, Lun-Wei and Liau, Churn-Jung and Su, Keh-Yih |conference=International Journal of Computational Linguistics & Chinese Language Processing, Volume 20, Number 2, December 2015-Special Issue on Selected Papers from ROCLING XXVII |year=2015 }}</ref>. Qoidalar dasturchi tomonidan oldindan dasturlashtirilgan va tabiiy tilni tahlil qilish imkoniyatiga ega.

[[Machine learning]] (Mashinali oʻrganish) kabi tabiiy tillarni qayta ishlashning bir muncha kuchli variantlari keyinchalik qoʻllanila boshlandi, vaqtlar oʻtgani sari mavjud qurilmalar takomillashib bordi va bu odddiy qoidalarga asoslangan tizimlarga nisbatan ancha muvaffaqiyatli boʻldi<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1109/tpami.2019.2914054 |year=2019 |publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) |author=Dongxiang Zhang and Lei Wang and Luming Zhang and Bing Tian Dai and Heng Tao Shen |title=The Gap of Semantic Parsing: A Survey on Automatic Math Word Problem Solvers |journal=IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |volume=42 |issue=9 |pages=2287–2305 |pmid=31056490 |arxiv=1808.07290 |s2cid=52066980 }}</ref>.

== Misol ==
Agar Tom oladigan mijozlar soni u olib boradigan reklamalar sonining 20% kvadratidan ikki baravar boʻlsa va reklamalar soni 45 ta boʻlsa, Tom qancha mijozlar oladi?

(Norvigdan olingan<ref name="norvig"/>)

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}