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Valkiriya: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

Avtomatik translit va nom yoʻnaltirishi: Valkiriya
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#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Valkiriya]]
[[File:Heimdallr and valkyries by Frølich.jpg|thumb|[[Vikinglar Jannati - Valhalla|Valhallaga]] olib kelinayotgan [[Einherjar]] L[[Orenz Frølich|orenz Frølich]] tomonidan chizilgan surat(1906)]]
 
'''Valkiriyalar''' (halok boʻlgan jangchilarni tanlovchilar), [[Skandinaviya mifologiyasi|Skandinav]] xalqlarining [[afsona]]lariga koʻra [[Odin]]ning yordamchilaridir. [[Nayza]] va [[dubulgʻa]] bilan qurollangan Valkiriyalar goʻzal va bokira jangchi qiz koʻrinishida tasvirlanadi.<ref>https://www.turkcebilgi.com/valk%C3%BCr#post/ {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722151813/https://www.turkcebilgi.com/valk%C3%BCr#post/ |date=2022-07-22 }} Valkür/ 2022.07.22</ref> Osmondan qanotli otlar yordamida yerga tushgan Valkiriyalarning asosiy vazifasi [[Einherjar]] deb nomlangan jasur jangchilarni Valhallaga toʻplashdir.<ref>Lindow, John (2002). Norse mythology: a guide to the Gods, heroes, rituals, and beliefs. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195153828.</ref> Jasur jangchilarni Valhallaga toʻplashdan maqsad esa qiyomat ([[Ragnarok (Qiyomat)|Ragnarok]])dagi ulkan jang vaqtida [[Odin]] va [[Thor]]ning yonida turib, qahramonlarcha jang qiladigan bahodir jangchilarni bir joyga yigʻish hisoblanadi.<ref name=ORCHARD36LINDOW104>Orchard (1997:36) and Lindow (2001:104).</ref>
[[File:Brunhild (Postkarte), G. Bussiere, 1897.jpg|thumb|"Brunnhilda". [[Gaston Bussière]] tomonidan chizilgan [[Surat (maʼnolari)|surat]] (1897)]] [[File:Walkyrien by Emil Doepler.jpg|thumb|Valkiriyalar. [[Muallif]]: [[Emil Doepler]] (1905) ]]
== Valkiriyalarning ismlari va yetakchisi ==
Valkiriyalarning yetakchisining ismi Brunhilda boʻlib, [[Odin|Odinga]] qarshi isyon qilganligi uchun jazolanadi. Uni [[Siegfried]] qutqarib olgunicha, olovli chambardan qilingan qafasning ichida, qattiq uyqu ostida ushlab turiladi.
Nemis bastakori [[Richard Wagner|Richard Vagner]]ning „Die Walküre“ (Valkyries, 1856) nomli mashhur operasida ismlari sanab oʻtilgan asosiy Valkiriyalarning nomlari quyidagilardir: Brynhild, Göll, Göndul, Gudr, Gunn, Herfjoturr, Xildr, Hladgunnr, Hlokk, Hrist, Sigrdrifa, Sigrun va Swafa va boshqalar. Valkiriyalar baʼzan Odinning xabarchilari boʻlib xizmat qilishadi. Baʼzi manbalarda esa ularni dastlab rohiba boʻlgan deb qayd qilishadi. Manzum Eddaning „Grimismol“ sheʼrida esa quyidagi valkiriya nomlari keltirib oʻtiladi: Geironul (Nayza), Gol (Qichqiriq), Herfjotur (Zanjirlangan), Xildr (Jangchi), Mist (Tuman), Randgrith (qalqonli), Rathgrith (reja buzuvchi), Skeggjold (bolta), Skogul (gʻazab).<ref>https://ozhanozturk.com/2018/01/20/brunhilde-valkurler/Brunhilde ve Valkürler./2022.07.22</ref>
 
== Brunhilda ==
Baʼzi manbalarda Odinning 9 qizidan biri ekanligi aytilgan Brunhilda, otasining dushmanlariga yordam berganligi uchun Hindarfjall togʻining choʻqqisidagi olovli chambar ichida qattiq uyquga ketadi. Brunhildaga berilgan jazo sehri unga uylanmoqchi boʻlgan kishi tomonidan olib tashlanishi mumkin edi. [[Ajdar]] Fafnirni oʻldirib, malika Brunhildani qutqarish uchun yoʻlga chiqqan Siegfried asli Volsung qabilasidan edi. Siegfried Brunhildaning dubulgʻasi va qoʻlidagi nayzasini olishi bilan sehr oʻz kuchini yoʻqotadi. Shundan soʻng ular turmush qurishadi. Ammo turmushlari baxtli yakun topmaydi. Yolgʻonlarga ishongan Brunhilda Siegfriedni oʻldirishda ishtirok etadi. Lekin tez orada aldanganini bilib qolgach, oʻz joniga qasd qiladi.
[[File:Tessa Thompson by Gage Skidmore 4.jpg|thumb|[[Tessa Thompson]]|alt=Tessa Thompson by Gage Skidmore 4.jpg]]
== Adabiyot va sanʼatdagi oʻrni ==
[[Nemislar|Nemis]] shoir va drammaturgi Emanuel von Hagen (1815-1884) 1858-yilda „Brunhild“ pyessasi orqali Brunhilda va Valkiriyalar nomini ommaga tanitadi. Shundan soʻng Richard Wagner „Der Ring des Nibelungen“ nomli operasi orqali Brunhildaning oʻz joniga qasd qilish jarayonini tasvirlab beradi. [[Marvel Comics|Marvel]] tomonidan suratga olingan „<nowiki/>[[Thor: Ragnarok]]<nowiki/>“(2017) filmida, Brunhilda rolini [[Tessa Thompson]] ijro etadi.
== Manbalar ==
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== Qoʻshimcha adabiyotlar ==
{{Refbegin|}}
* Andrén, A.; Jennbert, K.; Raudvere, C. (2006) „[https://books.google.com/books?id=gjq6rvoIRpAC&pg=PA11 Old Norse Religion: Some Problems and Prospects]“ in ''Old Norse Religion in Long Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes and Interactions, an International Conference in Lund, Sweden, 3-7 June 2004''. Nordic Academic Press. {{ISBN|91-89116-81-X|}}
* Byock, Jesse (Trans.) (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EWgTAAAACAAJ The Prose Edda]''. [[Penguin Classics]]. {{ISBN|0-14-044755-5|}}
* [[Hilda Ellis Davidson|Davidson, Hilda Roderick Ellis]] (1988). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=RerIAAAAIAAJ Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe: Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions]''. [[Manchester University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-7190-2579-6|}}
* Davidson, Hilda Roderick Ellis (1990). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=O1faK2QkRvwC Gods and Myths of Northern Europe]''. [[Penguin Books]]. {{ISBN|0-14-013627-4|}}
* Dobat, Siegfried Andres (2006). „[https://books.google.com/books?id=gjq6rvoIRpAC&pg=PA184 Bridging mythology and belief: Viking Age functional culture as a reflection of the belief in divine intervention]“ in Andren, A.; Jennbert, K.; Raudvere, C. ''Old Norse Religion in Long Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes and Interactions, an International Conference in Lund, Sweden, 3-7 June 2004.'' Nordic Academic Press. {{ISBN|91-89116-81-X|}}
* [[Ursula Dronke|Dronke, Ursula]] (Trans.) (1997). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iDpcAAAAMAAJ The Poetic Edda: Volume II: Mythological Poems]''. [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-19-811181-9|}}
* Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). ''Edda''. [[Everyman's Library|Everyman]]. {{ISBN|0-460-87616-3|}}
* Finlay, Alison (2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SmJ8v1ENhg4C Fagrskinna, a Catalogue of the Kings of Norway: A Translation with Introduction and Notes]''. [[Brill Publishers]]. {{ISBN|90-04-13172-8|}}
* Friðriksdóttir, Jóhanna Katrín (2020) ''Valkyrie: The Women of the Viking World'' (Bloomsbury Academic) {{ISBN|9781788314770}}
* Greenfield, Stanley B.; Calder, Daniel Gillmore; Lapidge, Michael (1996). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kreGLK6VbqwC A New Critical History of Old English Literature]''. [[New York University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-8147-3088-4|}}
* [[Jacob Grimm|Grimm, Jacob]] (1882) translated by James Steven Stallybrass. ''[[Deutsche Mythologie|Teutonic Mythology: Translated from the Fourth Edition with Notes and Appendix by James Stallybrass]]''. Volume I. London: George Bell and Sons.
* Hall, Alaric (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=G1V2N0GAkHQC Elves in Anglo-Saxon England]''. [[Boydell Press]]. {{ISBN|1-84383-294-1|}}
* Kennedy, Maev (2013). „Flight of the valkyrie: the Viking figurine thatʼs heading for Britain“. [[Theguardian.com]], Monday 4 March 2013. Online: [https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2013/mar/04/viking-valkyrie-figurine-british-museum]
* [[Lee M. Hollander|Hollander, Lee Milton]] (1980). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PUzazIlboAcC Old Norse Poems: The Most Important Nonskaldic Verse Not Included in the Poetic Edda]''. Forgotten Books. {{ISBN|1-60506-715-6|}}
* Hollander, Lee Milton (Trans.) (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qHpwje7-wNkC Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway]''. [[University of Texas Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-292-73061-8|}}
* [[Finnur Jónsson]] (1973). ''Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning''. Rosenkilde og Bagger. {{in lang|da}}
* Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nBzuQZ4MCPIC The Poetic Edda]''. [[Oxford World's Classics]]. {{ISBN|0-19-283946-2|}}
* [[John Lindow|Lindow, John]] (2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=KlT7tv3eMSwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals and Beliefs]''. [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-19-515382-0|}}
* MacLeod, Mindy; Mees, Bernard (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hx7UigqsTKoC Runic Amulets and Magic Objects]''. [[Boydell Press]]. {{ISBN|1-84383-205-4|}}
* {{cite book|last=McTurk|first=Rory W.|author-link=Rory McTurk|year=1991 |title=Studies in Ragnars saga Loðbrókar and its Major Scandinavian Analogues |publisher=The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature, Oxford |ISBN=0-907570-08-9}}
* Näsström, Britt-Mari (1999). „[https://books.google.com/books?id=TU_H79-CtucC&pg=PA57 Freyja: The Trivalent Goddess]“ in Sand, Reenberg Erik; Sørensen, Jørgen Podemann (1999). ''Comparative Studies in History of Religions: Their Aim, Scrope and Validity''. Museum Tusculanum Press. {{ISBN|87-7289-533-0|}}
* North, Richard (1997). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=X_LKUIqNvPQC Heathen Gods in Old English Literature]''. [[Cambridge University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-521-55183-8|}}
* Orchard, Andy (1997). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5hbPHQAACAAJ Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend]''. [[Orion Publishing Group|Cassell]]. {{ISBN|0-304-34520-2|}}
* [[Vladimir Orel|Orel, Vladimir]] (2003). ''A Handbook of Germanic Etymology''. Brill. {{ISBN|9004128751|}}
* [[Rudolf Simek|Simek, Rudolf]] (2007) translated by Angela Hall. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Zni8GwAACAAJ Dictionary of Northern Mythology]''. [[Boydell & Brewer|D.S. Brewer]] {{ISBN|0-85991-513-1|}}
* Wessén, Elias; Sven B.F. Jansson (1953-58). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SJ0eOgAACAAJ Sveriges runinskrifter: IX. Upplands runinskrifter del 4.]{{Oʻlikhavola|date=yanvar 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. {{ISSN|0562-8016}} {{in lang|sv}}
* [[Beyblade Burst]] (2015-2022) — The Tops: Valkyrie, Victory Valkyrie, God Valkyrie, Winning Valkyrie, Cho-Z Valkyrie, Slash Valkyrie, Brave Valkyrie, Saviour Valkyrie and Ultimate Valkyrie

$2, $3 dagi (joriy) koʻrinishi

Valhallaga olib kelinayotgan Einherjar Lorenz Frølich tomonidan chizilgan surat(1906)

Valkiriyalar (halok boʻlgan jangchilarni tanlovchilar), Skandinav xalqlarining afsonalariga koʻra Odinning yordamchilaridir. Nayza va dubulgʻa bilan qurollangan Valkiriyalar goʻzal va bokira jangchi qiz koʻrinishida tasvirlanadi.[1] Osmondan qanotli otlar yordamida yerga tushgan Valkiriyalarning asosiy vazifasi Einherjar deb nomlangan jasur jangchilarni Valhallaga toʻplashdir.[2] Jasur jangchilarni Valhallaga toʻplashdan maqsad esa qiyomat (Ragnarok)dagi ulkan jang vaqtida Odin va Thorning yonida turib, qahramonlarcha jang qiladigan bahodir jangchilarni bir joyga yigʻish hisoblanadi.[3]

"Brunnhilda". Gaston Bussière tomonidan chizilgan surat (1897)
Valkiriyalar. Muallif: Emil Doepler (1905)

Valkiriyalarning ismlari va yetakchisi

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Valkiriyalarning yetakchisining ismi Brunhilda boʻlib, Odinga qarshi isyon qilganligi uchun jazolanadi. Uni Siegfried qutqarib olgunicha, olovli chambardan qilingan qafasning ichida, qattiq uyqu ostida ushlab turiladi. Nemis bastakori Richard Vagnerning „Die Walküre“ (Valkyries, 1856) nomli mashhur operasida ismlari sanab oʻtilgan asosiy Valkiriyalarning nomlari quyidagilardir: Brynhild, Göll, Göndul, Gudr, Gunn, Herfjoturr, Xildr, Hladgunnr, Hlokk, Hrist, Sigrdrifa, Sigrun va Swafa va boshqalar. Valkiriyalar baʼzan Odinning xabarchilari boʻlib xizmat qilishadi. Baʼzi manbalarda esa ularni dastlab rohiba boʻlgan deb qayd qilishadi. Manzum Eddaning „Grimismol“ sheʼrida esa quyidagi valkiriya nomlari keltirib oʻtiladi: Geironul (Nayza), Gol (Qichqiriq), Herfjotur (Zanjirlangan), Xildr (Jangchi), Mist (Tuman), Randgrith (qalqonli), Rathgrith (reja buzuvchi), Skeggjold (bolta), Skogul (gʻazab).[4]

Brunhilda

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Baʼzi manbalarda Odinning 9 qizidan biri ekanligi aytilgan Brunhilda, otasining dushmanlariga yordam berganligi uchun Hindarfjall togʻining choʻqqisidagi olovli chambar ichida qattiq uyquga ketadi. Brunhildaga berilgan jazo sehri unga uylanmoqchi boʻlgan kishi tomonidan olib tashlanishi mumkin edi. Ajdar Fafnirni oʻldirib, malika Brunhildani qutqarish uchun yoʻlga chiqqan Siegfried asli Volsung qabilasidan edi. Siegfried Brunhildaning dubulgʻasi va qoʻlidagi nayzasini olishi bilan sehr oʻz kuchini yoʻqotadi. Shundan soʻng ular turmush qurishadi. Ammo turmushlari baxtli yakun topmaydi. Yolgʻonlarga ishongan Brunhilda Siegfriedni oʻldirishda ishtirok etadi. Lekin tez orada aldanganini bilib qolgach, oʻz joniga qasd qiladi.

Tessa Thompson by Gage Skidmore 4.jpg
Tessa Thompson

Adabiyot va sanʼatdagi oʻrni

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Nemis shoir va drammaturgi Emanuel von Hagen (1815-1884) 1858-yilda „Brunhild“ pyessasi orqali Brunhilda va Valkiriyalar nomini ommaga tanitadi. Shundan soʻng Richard Wagner „Der Ring des Nibelungen“ nomli operasi orqali Brunhildaning oʻz joniga qasd qilish jarayonini tasvirlab beradi. Marvel tomonidan suratga olingan „Thor: Ragnarok“(2017) filmida, Brunhilda rolini Tessa Thompson ijro etadi.

Manbalar

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
  1. ↑ https://www.turkcebilgi.com/valk%C3%BCr#post/ (Wayback Machine saytida 2022-07-22 sanasida arxivlangan) Valkür/ 2022.07.22
  2. ↑ Lindow, John (2002). Norse mythology: a guide to the Gods, heroes, rituals, and beliefs. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195153828.
  3. ↑ Orchard (1997:36) and Lindow (2001:104).
  4. ↑ https://ozhanozturk.com/2018/01/20/brunhilde-valkurler/Brunhilde ve Valkürler./2022.07.22

Qoʻshimcha adabiyotlar

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
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