Wellcome Trust sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Wellcome Trust''' — xayriya jamgʻarmasi boʻlib, Buyuk Britaniyaning London shahrida joylashgan sogʻliqni saqlash sohasidagi tadqiqotlarga yoʻnaltirilgan. U 1936-yilda farmatsevtika magnati Henry Wellcome ([[GlaxoSmithKline plc|GlaxoSmithKline]] asoschilaridan biri) merosi asosida inson va hayvonlar salomatligini yaxshilash boʻyicha tadqiqotlarni moliyalashtirish maqsadida tashkil etilgan. Trastning maqsadi „hamma oldida turgan dolzarb sogʻliq muammolarini hal qilish uchun fanni qoʻllab-quvvatlash“. 2020-yilda 29,1 milliard funt streling moliyaviy aylanmasi, uni dunyodagi eng boy toʻrtinchi xayriya jamgʻarmasiga aylantiradi. 2012-yilda Wellcome Trust ''[[Financial Times]]'' tomonidan Buyuk Britaniyaning ilmiy tadqiqotlar uchun nodavlat moliyalashtiruvchi eng yirik provayderi va dunyodagi eng yirik provayderlardan biri sifatida tasvirlangan. Yillik hisobotiga koʻra, Wellcome Trust 2019/2020 moliyaviy yil davomida xayriya tadbirlariga 1,1 milliard funt [[Funt sterling|sterling]] sarflagan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Wellcome's 2019/2020 Annual Report {{!}} Wellcome|url=https://wellcome.org/reports/wellcome-annual-report-2020|kirish sanasi=29-yanvar 2021-yil|ish=wellcome.org|qaralgan sana=2022-11-09|arxivsana=2022-08-18|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818000749/https://wellcome.org/reports/wellcome-annual-report-2020}}</ref>. [[Iqtisodiy hamkorlik va taraqqiyot tashkiloti|OECD]] maʼlumotlariga koʻra, Wellcome Trustning 2019-yilgi rivojlanish uchun moliyalashtirishi 22 foizga oshib, 327 million [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari|AQSh]] dollarini tashkil etdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/2dcf1367-en/1/3/3/32/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/2dcf1367-en&_csp_=177392f5df53d89c9678d0628e39a2c2&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=book|sarlavha=Wellcome Trust &#124; Development Co-operation Profiles – Wellcome Trust &#124; OECD iLibrary|qaralgan sana=2022-11-09|arxivsana=2022-11-09|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109054636/https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/2dcf1367-en/1/3/3/32/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/2dcf1367-en&_csp_=177392f5df53d89c9678d0628e39a2c2&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=book}}</ref>.

== Bosh qarorgoh ==
[[Fayl:Wellcome.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wellcome.jpg/250px-Wellcome.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Euston Roaddagi Gibbs binosi]]
Wellcome Trust faoliyati [[London]]dagi Euston Road koʻchasidagi ikkita binodan boshqariladi. 2019-yilda Wellcome Trust Berlinda ham oʻz vakolatxonasini ochdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Wellcome's Berlin office will focus on global health {{!}} Wellcome|url=https://wellcome.ac.uk/news/wellcomes-berlin-office-will-focus-global-health|kirish sanasi=4-yanvar 2020-yil|ish=wellcome.ac.uk|qaralgan sana=2022-11-09|arxivsana=2020-08-27|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827150251/https://wellcome.ac.uk/news/wellcomes-berlin-office-will-focus-global-health}}</ref>.

== Tarixi ==
Bu trast amerikada tugʻilgan britaniyalik farmatsevtika magnati ser Henry Wellcomening boyligini boshqarish uchun tashkil etilgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=History of Henry Wellcome|url=http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/About-us/History/index.htm|kirish sanasi=16-may 2014-yil|arxivsana=2-aprel 2016-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402053114/http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/About-us/History/index.htm}}</ref>. Uning daromadi dastlab [[GlaxoSmithKline plc|Burroughs Wellcome]] deb nomlangan, keyinchalik Buyuk Britaniyada Wellcome Foundation Ltd. deb oʻzgartirilgan<ref>Hall, A. R. & Bembridge, B. A. ''Physic and philanthropy: a history of the Wellcome Trust 1936&#x2013;1986''.</ref>. 1986-yilda trast Wellcome plc. aksiyalarining 25 foizini ommaga sotdi. Moliya direktori Ian Macgregor tomonidan nazorat qilinib, bu moliyaviy oʻsish davrining boshlanishini belgilab qoʻydi, bunda trastning qiymati 14 yil ichida deyarli 14 milliard funt sterlingga oʻsdi, chunki ularning manfaatlari farmatsevtika sanoati chegarasidan tashqariga chiqdi<ref>[http://briandeer.com/hard-sell.htm briandeer.com] Sunday Times investigation, February 1994]</ref>.

1995-yilda trast qolgan barcha aksiyalarni kompaniyaning Britaniyadagi tarixiy raqibi [[GlaxoSmithKline plc|Glaxo plc]].ga sotish orqali farmatsevtikaga boʻlgan har qanday qiziqishdan voz kechdi. 2000-yilda GlaxoWellcome kompaniyasi SmithKline Beecham bilan birlashib, [[GlaxoSmithKline plc]].ni tashkil qilgandan soʻng, Wellcome nomi dori-darmon biznesidan butunlay ketdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Henry Wellcome's legacy|url=http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/About-us/History/WTX052938.htm|kirish sanasi=21-may 2016-yil|nashriyot=Wellcome.ac.uk|arxivsana=16-mart 2016-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316234202/http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/About-us/History/WTX052938.htm}}</ref>.

== Faoliyatlar ==

=== Biotibbiy tadqiqotlar ===

==== Asosiy investitsiyalar ====
Trast bir qator yirik biotibbiyot tadqiqot tashabbuslarini moliyalashtiradi yoki birgalikda moliyalashtiradi:<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Biomedical science funded projects|url=http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/Funding/Biomedical-science/Funded-projects/index.htm|kirish sanasi=26-mart 2016-yil|arxivsana=3-may 2016-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503022925/http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/Funding/Biomedical-science/Funded-projects/index.htm}}</ref>

* Avon ota-onalar va bolalarning umumiy tadqiqoti (ALSPAC), 1991 va 1992-yillarda Angliyada tugʻilgan bolalar tadqiqoti.
* Wellcome Trust Sanger institutida saraton genomi loyihasi.
* Olmos yorugʻlik manbai, Oksfordshirdagi Buyuk Britaniyaning milliy sinxrotron ilmiy muassasasi.
* Xalqaro taraqqiyot departamenti (DFID) bilan Afrika qitʼasi boʻylab ilgʻor tadqiqot va oʻquv dasturlarini yoʻlga qoʻyish uchun yetakchilik, taʼlim va fan tashabbusi (DELTAS) boʻyicha mukammallikni rivojlantirish.
* Ebola favqulodda tashabbusi, Gʻarbiy Afrikadagi Ebola epidemiyasiga qarshi kurashish uchun klinik va jamoat salomatligini taʼminlash choralarini aniqlash maqsadida tezkor tadqiqot dasturi.
* Voyaga yetmagan diabet tadqiqot fondi/Welcome Trust qandli diabet va yalligʻlanish boʻyicha laboratoriyasi 1-toifa diabetning genetik komponentini oʻrganishga yordam beradi va Kembrij Tibbiyot tadqiqotlari institutida joylashgan.
* Dori-darmonlarni kashf qilish tashabbusi.
* Strukturaviy genomik konsortsium, ochiq maʼlumotlarga eʼtibor qaratgan holda, tibbiy ahamiyatga ega boʻlgan oqsillarning uch oʻlchovli tuzilmalariga eʼtibor qaratadigan [[xalqaro tashkilot]].
* Wellcome Trust Sanger instituti, [[Notijorat tashkiloti|notijorat]], Britaniya [[genomika]] va [[genetika]] tadqiqot instituti<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=MRC Centre United Kingdom: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute|url=http://www.cggh.ox.ac.uk/?title=MRC_Centre_United_Kingdom#Wellcome_Trust_Sanger_Institute|kirish sanasi=22-dekabr 2008-yil|nashriyot=[[Medical Research Council (UK)|Medical Research Council]]|arxivsana=21-may 2012-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521140920/http://www.cggh.ox.ac.uk/?title=MRC_Centre_United_Kingdom#Wellcome_Trust_Sanger_Institute}}</ref>.
* Buyuk Britaniya Biobank va Buyuk Britaniya Biobank Etika va boshqaruv kengashi

==== Osiyo va Afrika dasturlari ====

* 1989-yilda Keniya Tibbiyot tadqiqot instituti bilan hamkorlikda tashkil etilgan KEMRI-Wellcome Trust tadqiqot dasturi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Kenya and the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme|url=http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/Funding/Biomedical-science/Funded-projects/Major-initiatives/Major-Overseas-Programmes/Kenya/index.htm|qaralgan sana=2022-11-09|arxivsana=2016-04-05|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405212443/http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/Funding/Biomedical-science/Funded-projects/Major-initiatives/Major-Overseas-Programmes/Kenya/index.htm}}</ref>.
* 1995-yilda tashkil etilgan Malavi-Liverpul-Wellcome Trust Klinik tadqiqot dasturi.
* Janubiy Afrikadagi Afrika sogʻliqni saqlash va aholini oʻrganish markazi, 1998-yilda Janubiy Afrika tibbiy tadqiqot kengashi bilan hamkorlikda tashkil etilgan.
* Wellcome Trust-Mahidol universiteti-Oksford tropik tibbiyot tadqiqot dasturi Mahidol universitetining Tropik tibbiyot fakulteti bilan hamkorlikda Tailand va Laosda tadqiqot olib boradi va 1979-yilda tashkil etilgan.
* Vetnam tadqiqot dasturi va Oksford universitetining [[Xoshimin]] va [[Xanoy]]dagi klinik tadqiqot boʻlimi.

===== COVID-19 boʻyicha global tadqiqotlar va ishlanmalarni qoʻllab-quvvatlash =====
Wellcome Trust tadqiqot, ishlab chiqish va COVID-19 bilan bogʻliq davolanishni taʼminlash uchun kamida 8 milliard dollar yangi moliyalashtirish zarurligini eʼlon qildi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Coronavirus, COVID-19 research and development {{!}} Wellcome|url=https://wellcome.ac.uk/what-we-do/our-work/coronavirus-covid-19|kirish sanasi=29-iyun 2020-yil|ish=wellcome.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>{{veb manbasi|date=2020-yil yanvar|title=Largest survey into research culture reveals high levels of stress and insecurity|url=https://wellcome.ac.uk/press-release/largest-survey-research-culture-reveals-high-levels-stress-and-insecurity|qaralgan sana=2022-11-09|arxivsana=2020-07-04|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704082627/https://wellcome.ac.uk/press-release/largest-survey-research-culture-reveals-high-levels-stress-and-insecurity}}</ref>.

=== Global sogʻliqni saqlash innovatsion texnologiyalari jamgʻarmasiga (GHIT) aʼzolik ===
2015-yilning yozida Wellcome Trust Yaponiya hukumati, 7 ta Yaponiya farmatsevtika va diagnostika kompaniyasi, Bill va [[Melinda Gates]] jamgʻarmasi va Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Taraqqiyot dasturiga Global sogʻliqni saqlash innovatsion texnologiyalar jamgʻarmasining (GHIT) moliyalashtiruvchi hamkori sifatida qoʻshildi. U birinchi navbatda rivojlanayotgan dunyoga taʼsir qiladigan kasalliklarga qarshi yuqumli kasalliklar va diagnostika boʻyicha ilmiy tadqiqotlar va ishlanmalarni<ref>"Japan in pioneering partnership to fund global health research", by Andrew Jack, Financial Times, 30 May 2013</ref> moliyalashtiradi<ref>"Japanese Global Health Fund Welcomes the Wellcome Trust and Sysmex Corporation as New Funders and ANA, Morrison & Foerster, and Yahoo!</ref>.

== Jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar va Wellcome toʻplami ==
2007-yil iyun oyida Wellcome binosi qayta taʼmirdan soʻng jamoat joyi sifatida ochildi, unda Wellcome Collection, London Universitet kolleji tibbiyot tarixi boʻyicha Wellcome Trust Center va Wellcome Library joylashgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=The Wellcome Library|url=http://wellcomelibrary.org/}}</ref>. Wellcome toʻplamining maqsadi tibbiyot fani va tarixi haqida jamoatchilik tushunchasini oshirishdir. Binoda galereya xonalari, konferensiya xonalari, munozaralar, drama va mahorat darslari uchun joy, kafe va kitob doʻkoni mavjud. Galereyalarda ser Henry Wellcome toʻplamidan kichik namunalar namoyish etiladi va tadbirlar va koʻrgazmalar dasturi mavjud. „Welcome Collection“ va koʻrgazmalar haftada olti kun bepul jamoatchilikka ochiq<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Wellcome Collection opening hours|url=http://www.wellcomecollection.org/visit-us/opening-hours.aspx|kirish sanasi=30-aprel 2010-yil|arxivsana=25-sentabr 2014-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925231413/http://www.wellcomecollection.org/visit-us/opening-hours.aspx}}</ref>.

=== Wellcome Global Monitor ===
2019-yil iyun oyida Wellcome jamoatchilikning fan va sogʻlikka munosabati boʻyicha 2018-yilgi global soʻrov natijalarini eʼlon qildi. Mavzular orasida olimlar, shifokorlar va hamshiralarning ishonchi; din va ilm-fan, vaksinalar va boshqalar<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|last=Branch|first1=Glenn|date=2019|title=Welcome News on Global Attitudes toward Science and Health from Wellcome|journal=[[Skeptical Inquirer]]|volume=43|issue=5|pages=8–9|authorlink1=Glenn Branch}}</ref> mavjud. Bu Wellcome kompaniyasining birinchi Global Monitori boʻlib, „turli demografik guruhlar va mamlakatlarda jamoatchilik munosabati qanday oʻzgarishi haqida ishonchli dalillarni taqdim etish“ uchun moʻljallangan edi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Wellcome Global Monitor|url=https://wellcome.ac.uk/what-we-do/our-work/wellcome-global-monitor|kirish sanasi=12-oktabr 2019-yil|ish=Wellcome|arxivsana=3-sentabr 2019-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903230245/https://wellcome.ac.uk/what-we-do/our-work/wellcome-global-monitor}}</ref>.

== Investitsiyalar ==
2014-yil avgust oyida Wellcome Trust kooperativ guruhining fermer xoʻjaligini (Farmcare nomiga oʻzgartirildi) 249 million funt sterlingga sotib oldi. Bu „15,997 gektar (39,533 akr) bepul va uchinchi shaxslarga tegishli yerlar, 15 ta fermer xoʻjaligi, shu jumladan, uchta uy-joy, 100 dan ortiq turar-joy binolari va 27 ta tijorat obyektlarini“ oʻz ichiga oladi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sana=4-avgust 2014-yil|sarlavha=Wellcome Trust acquires the Co-operative Group's farms business|url=http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/News/Media-office/Press-releases/2014/WTP057030.htm|kirish sanasi=21-may 2016-yil|nashriyot=Wellcome.ac.uk|arxivsana=23-aprel 2016-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423225040/http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/News/Media-office/Press-releases/2014/WTP057030.htm}}</ref>.

== Tanqidlar ==
Xabar qilinishicha, Wellcome Trust xayriya tashkiloti hal qilmoqchi boʻlgan muammolarga hissa qoʻshadigan kompaniyalarga milliardlab investitsiyalarga ega<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Private research funders court controversy with billions in secretive investment|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/private-research-funders-court-controversy-billions-secretive-investments|sana=2018-12-06|kirish sanasi=19-mart 2021-yil|nashriyot=[[Science (jurnal)|sciencemag.org]]|iqtibos=''The trust does not highlight, however, that some of the more than 16.2 billion it has handed out annually in recent years comes from investments in companies that contribute to the same problems the philanthropy wants to solve. Not long before the Hong Kong study was published, for example, the trust became an investor in Varo Energy, a company based in Cham, Switzerland, that sells fuel to shipping firms. One of Varo's main products is bunker fuel for marine engines: a cheap, sulfurous residue of oil refining that is a major source of soot pollution. Particulates billowing from ship stacks contribute to the premature deaths of 250,000 people annually, researchers estimate.''|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320112849/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/12/private-research-funders-court-controversy-billions-secretive-investments|arxivsana=2021-03-20}}</ref>. Shuningdek, [[COVID-19 pandemiyasi]] kontekstida trast farmatsevtika kompaniyalari bilan investitsiyalarga ega ekanligi maʼlum boʻldi, yaʼni u pandemiyadan moliyaviy foyda olishi mumkinligini bildiradi.<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|title=Covid-19, trust, and Wellcome: how charity's pharma investments overlap with its research efforts|year=2021|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n556|access-date=2021-03-03|journal=[[The BMJ]]|doi=10.1136/bmj.n556|quote=''Wellcome’s financial interests have been published on the trust’s website and through financial regulatory filings but do not seem to have been disclosed as financial conflicts of interest in the context of Wellcome’s work on covid-19, even as they show that the trust is positioned to potentially gain from the pandemic financially.''|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320113021/https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n556|archivedate=2021-03-20|last=Schwab|first1=Tim|volume=372|pages=n556|pmid=33658184}}</ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}



[[Turkum:1936-yilda tashkil etilgan tashkilotlar]]