Zar ilon sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |Dice snake
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Natrix_tessellata_capturing_a_Gobius_fish_-_20060710.jpg|frameless]]
|- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"
! colspan="2" |<div style="text-align: center">[[Conservation status]]</div>
|-
| colspan="2" |<div style="text-align: center">[[File:Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg|link=|alt=|frameless]]<br /><br />[[Least Concern]] <small>&nbsp;([[IUCN Red List|IUCN 3.1]])<ref><cite class="citation journal cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="197">Mebert, K., Amr, Z.S.S., Al Johany, A.M.H., Aloufi, A.A.H., Jiang, J., Meyer, A., Sterijovski, B., Baha El Din, S., Pleguezuelos, J., Sá-Sousa, P., Corti, C., Ajtic, R., Tuniyev, S., Orlov, N.L., Ananjeva, N.B., Cogălniceanu, D., Andrén, C., Crnobrnja-Isailović, J., Aghasyan, A., Avci, A., Tuniyev, B., Lymberakis, P., Wilkinson, J., Üzüm, N., Podloucky, R., Kaya, U., Vogrin, M., Pérez Mellado, V., Cheylan, M., Nettmann, H.K., De Haan, C.C., Schmidt, B., Lau, M., Borkin, L., Milto, K., Golynsky, E., Belouskova, A., Rustamov, A, Nuridjanov, D. & Munkhbayar, K. (2021). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="198">[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/157256/745071 „''Natrix tessellata''“]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="199">''[[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2021''': e.</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="201">T157256A745071. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T157256A745071.en|10.2305/IUCN.]]</span></span><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T157256A745071.en|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="203">UK.2021-2.</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="204">RLTS.</span>]]</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="205"><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T157256A745071.en|T157256A745071.en]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span></cite><span data-segmentid="206" class="cx-segment"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Cite journal|cite journal]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter ([[:Category:CS1 maint: uses authors parameter|link]])</span></span></ref></small></div>
|-
! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[File:Red_Pencil_Icon.png|link=Template:Taxonomy/Natrix| edit ]]</span>
|-
|Kingdom:
|[[Animal|Animalia]]
|-
|Phylum:
|[[Chordate|Chordata]]
|-
|Class:
|[[Reptile|Reptilia]]
|-
|Order:
|[[Squamata]]
|-
|Suborder:
|[[Snake|Serpentes]]
|-
|Family:
|[[Colubridae]]
|-
|Genus:
|''[[Natrix]]''
|-
|Species:
|<div class="species" style="display:inline">'''''N.&nbsp;tessellata'''''</div>
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |'''<span class="binomial">''Natrix tessellata''</span>'''<br /><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">([[Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti|Laurenti]], 1768)</div>
|- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Natrix_tessellata_distribution_map.svg|frameless]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |Distribution of the Natrix tessellata
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: left" |
''Coronella tessellata'' [[Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti|Laurenti]], 1768''Coluber tessellatus'' [[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Bonnaterre]], 1790''Tropidonotus tessellatus'', ''part.'', [[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1830''Natrix tessellata'' [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1834''Tropidonotus tessellatus'' [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1893<ref>Boulenger, G.A. 1893. </ref>
|}
[[Fayl:Schlange_frist_Fisch.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Schlange_frist_Fisch.jpg/230px-Schlange_frist_Fisch.jpg|thumb|230x230px| ''Natrix tessellata'']]
Zar '''ilon''' (''Natrix tessellata'') — Yevroosiyo zaharsiz ilon, [[Suvilonlar|Colubridae]] oilasiga, Natricinae kenja oilasiga mansub. U '''suv iloni''' deb ham ataladi.<ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143960920900018X Cryptic diversity in a Eurasian water snake (Natrix tessellata, Serpentes: Colubridae): Evidence from mitochondrial sequence data and nuclear ISSR-PCR fingerprinting] ''Organisms Diversity & Evolution'' Volume 9, Issue 3, 25 August 2009, Pages 201-214</ref>

== Qisqacha tavsif ==
[[Fayl:Dürigen,_1897,_T07.JPG|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/D%C3%BCrigen%2C_1897%2C_T07.JPG/220px-D%C3%BCrigen%2C_1897%2C_T07.JPG|left|thumb| Zar ilon (yuqori) va o‘t ilon (''Natrix natrix'') tasviri, shu jumladan pastki tomoni]]
[[Fayl:Dicesnake_umbriaitaly.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Dicesnake_umbriaitaly.jpg/220px-Dicesnake_umbriaitaly.jpg|left|thumb| Italiyaning Umbria shahridagi zar ilon]]
Ayollar erkaklarnikidan kattaroqdir. Ularning odatiy oʻlchami {{Convert|1.0|-|1.3|m|in}} uzoq. Ularning rangi kulrang-yashildan jigarranggacha yoki deyarli qora ranggacha oʻzgarishi mumkin, orqada qora dogʻlar mavjud. Qorin baʼzan sariq yoki toʻq sariq rangga boʻyalgan, qora dogʻlar bilan, zarga juda oʻxshash, shuning uchun nomi.

== Biologiya ==
Asosan daryolar, daryolar va koʻllar yaqinida yashaydi, koʻpincha baliq bilan oziqlanadi. Baʼzida u [[Qurbaqa|qurbaqalar]], qurbaqalar va [[Itbaliq|kurtaklar]] kabi [[Suvda va quruqlikda yashovchilar|amfibiyalar]] bilan ham oziqlanadi.

Zaharsiz deb tasniflangan ''N. tessellata'' zardobida kuchli antigemorragin ishlab chiqaradi<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|date=15-dekabr 1994-yil|title=A potent antihemorrhagin in the serum of the non-poisonous water snake Natrix tessellata: isolation, characterisation and mechanism of neutralisation|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_general-subjects_1994-12-15_1201_3/page/482|journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects|language=inglizcha|volume=1201|issue=3|pages=482–490|doi=10.1016/0304-4165(94)90080-9|pmid=7803481|issn=0304-4165|last=Borkow|first1=Gadi|last2=Gutierrez|first2=Jose Maria|last3=Ovadia|first3=Michael}}</ref> va ogʻizdagi bez orqali neyrotoksin ishlab chiqarishi aytiladi.<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.facebook.com/DiscoveryUK/videos/10155289864131711/|sarlavha=Discovery Channel UK|ish=www.facebook.com|til=inglizcha|qaralgan sana=17-mart 2018-yil}}</ref> Himoya sifatida u kloakasidan juda yomon hidli sirni tarqatadi. Yana bir himoya mexanizmi — tanatoz, oʻlik oʻyin.

Juftlanish davrida (mart-may) ular katta guruhlarga toʻplanishadi. [[Tuxum]] qoʻyish odatda iyul oyida boʻlib, bitta debriyaj 10-30 tuxumdan iborat. Yosh ilonlar sentyabr oyining boshida tuxumdan chiqadi.
[[Fayl:Natrix_tessellata_frombosnia.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Natrix_tessellata_frombosnia.jpg/230px-Natrix_tessellata_frombosnia.jpg|thumb|230x230px| ''N. tessellata'']]
[[Fayl:Sea_Snake.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sea_Snake.jpg/230px-Sea_Snake.jpg|thumb|230x230px| Eron shimolida Kaspiy dengizi boʻyida zar iloni kuzatilgan]]
Zar ilonlari oktyabrdan aprelgacha suv yaqinidagi quruq teshiklarda qishlaydi.

== Tarqatish ==
Zar ilon Evroosiyoning katta qismida joylashgan: Afgʻoniston, Albaniya, Armaniston, Avstriya, Ozarbayjon, Bosniya va Gertsegovina, Bolgariya, Xitoy, Xorvatiya, Kipr, Chexiya, Fransiya, Gruziya, Germaniya, Gretsiya, Vengriya, Hindiston, Eron, Iroq, Isroil, Italiya, Iordaniya, Qozogʻiston, Qirgʻiziston, Livan, Chernogoriya, Shimoliy Makedoniya, Pokiston, Polsha, Ruminiya, Rossiya, Serbiya, Slovakiya, Sloveniya, Shveysariya, Suriya, Tojikiston, Turkmaniston, Turkiya, Ukraina, Oʻzbekiston va Yaman. Bu tur Misrda ham mavjud.

== Tadqiqot loyihalari ==
Eng koʻp aholidan biri [[Ruminiya|Ruminiyaning]] Dobruja viloyatidagi Histriya xarobalari yaqinida yashaydi. Bu populyatsiya yaqinda ''Eustrongylides'' jinsiga mansub [[Parazitizm|parazit]] nematoda tomonidan xavf ostida ekanligi aniqlangan. 2005-yildan boshlab Histria aholisi tadqiqotchilarning eʼtiborini tortmoqda. Masalan, Ruminiya-Shvetsiya-Chexiya qoʻshma tadqiqot dasturi populyatsiya biologiyasini oʻrganish va bu noyob qirgʻoq aholisining [[Parazitizm|parazit]] tahdidlariga qaratilgan. Mebert (2011) tomonidan biologiya, tarqalish va saqlash boʻyicha umumiy koʻrinish berilgan.<ref>Mebert, Konrad (ed.</ref>

== Manbalar ==

== Havolalar ==
{{Commons turkum}}

* Italiya sudralib yuruvchilar roʻyxati
{{Taxonbar|from=Q750237}}{{Tashqi havolalar}}