Ahmad ash-Sharʼa sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                      = Ahmad ash-Sharʼa
| asl ismi                  = {{arabiy|أحمد الشرع}}
| tasvir                    = 2025 Ahmed al-Sharaa (cropped).jpg
| uzunlik                   = 
| izoh                      = (2025)
| tartib                    = 
| lavozim                   = Suriya prezidenti
| boshlanish davri          = 2025-yil 29-yanvar
| tugash davri              = hozirgacha
| premyer                   = [[Muhammad Gʻoziy al-Jaloliy]]
| oʻtmishdoshi              = [[Bashshor al-Asad]]
| vorisi                    = 
| tartib_2                  = 2
| lavozim_2                 = Hayʼat tahrir ash-Shom amiri
| boshlanish davri_2        = 2017-yil 1-oktyabr
| tugash davri_2            = hozirgacha
| vitse-prezident_2         = 
| oʻtmishdoshi_2            = [[Abu Jobir Shayx]]
| vorisi_2                  = 
| tartib_3                  = 
| lavozim_3                 = Jabhat fatx al-Shom amiri
| boshlanish davri_3        = 2016-yil 28-iyul
| tugash davri_3            = 2017-yil 28-yanvar
| oʻtmishdoshi_3            = 
| vorisi_3                  = 
| tartib_4                  = 
| lavozim_4                 = Jabhat an-Nusra amiri
| boshlanish davri_4        = 2012-yil 23-yanvar
| tugash davri_4            = 2016-yil 28-iyul
| premyer_4                 = 
| oʻtmishdoshi_4            = 
| vorisi_4                  = 
| tavallud_paytidagi_ismi   = Ahmad Husayn al-Sharʼa
| tavallud_sanasi           = 1982-yil 29-oktyabr
| tavallud_joyi             = [[Ar-Riyod]], [[Saudiya Arabistoni]]
| vafot sanasi              = 
| vafot joyi                = 
| vafot sababi              = 
| fuqaroligi                = [[File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg|25px]] [[Suriya]]
| millati                   = 
| partiya                   = 
| asl_ismi_til              = ar
| imzosi                    = Ahmed al-Sharaa signature 2.svg
}}
'''Ahmad Husayn al-Sharʼa<ref group="sharh">{{Lang-ar|أحمد حسين الشرع}}, lotinchada: ʾAḥmad Husayn al-Sharʿ </ref><ref name="meduza">{{cite web|title=Абу Мухаммад аль-Джулани|url=https://meduza.io/feature/2024/12/04/abu-muhammad-al-dzhulani-odin-iz-liderov-islamistskih-boevikov-oppozitsionnyh-rezhimu-asada|website=meduza|date=2024-12-04}}</ref>/ ash-Sharʼa<ref>{{cite web|title=Reuters узнал о совете США сирийским исламистам|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/11/12/2024/675927d39a794763d7962995|website=RBC|date=2024-12-11}}</ref>''', {{Lang-ar|أحمد حسين الشرع}}; taxallusi: '''Abu Muhammad al-Joʻloniy'''<ref group="sharh">{{Lang-ar|أبو محمد الجولاني}}, lotinchada: ʾAbū Muḥammad al-Jawlānī, shuningdek '''Joulani''', '''Jolani''' va '''Golani''' tarzida transliteratsiya qilinadi</ref> ({{Lang-ar|أبو محمد الجولاني}}; 1982-yil 29-oktyabr, [[Ar-Riyod]], [[Saudiya Arabistoni]]) – [[suriyaliklar|suriyalik]] jangari inqilobchi. [[Suriya]]dagi jihodchilar harakati faoli. 2017-yildan [[Hayʼat tahrir ash-Shom]] amiri. 2025-yil 29-yanvaridan Suriyaning 20-prezidenti<ref name="kun">{{yangiliklar manbasi |title=Ahmad ash-Shar’a Suriyaning yangi prezidenti deb e’lon qilindi |url=https://kun.uz/news/2025/01/30/ahmad-ash-shara-suriyaning-yangi-prezidenti-deb-elon-qilindi |accessdate=29-yanvar 2025-yil |publisher=kun.uz |date=29-yanvar 2025-yil}}</ref>.

[[Iroq islom davlati]] terroristik tashkiloti safida [[Iroq urushi]]da qatnashgan. Keyinroq Jabhat al-Nusra (tashkilotning nomi keyinchalik „Jabhat fath ash-Shom“, undan keyin „Hayʼat tahrir ash-Shom“ deb oʻzgartirilgan) tashkilotining rahbarlaridan biriga aylangan.

2013-yil may oyida [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari davlat departamenti|AQSH davlat departamenti]] Ahmad ash-Sharʼani „oʻta xavfli terrorchilar“<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/05/209499.htm|title=Terrorist Designation of Al-Nusrah Front Leader Muhammad Al-Jawlani|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=2017-06-24|archive-date=2019-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822130950/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/05/209499.htm|deadlink=no}}</ref> roʻyxatiga kiritgan, toʻrt yil oʻtgach esa Ahmad ash-Sharʼani topib oʻldirishga sabab boʻluvchi maʼlumot uchun 10 million AQSH dollari miqdorida mukofot taklif qilgan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2017/05/10/US-offers-10M-reward-for-information-on-al-Nusra-leader/5921494432213/|title=U.S. offers 100M reward for information on al-Nusra leader|work=UPI.com|access-date=2021-12-21|archive-date=2017-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511015650/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2017/05/10/US-offers-10M-reward-for-information-on-al-Nusra-leader/5921494432213/|deadlink=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://rewardsforjustice.net/english/muhammad_al_jawlani.html |title=Muhammad al-Jawlani |website=[[Rewards for Justice]] |access-date=2021-08-02 |archive-date=2021-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820175350/https://rewardsforjustice.net/english/muhammad_al_jawlani.html |deadlink=no }}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://daryo.uz/2017/05/10/aqsh-hukumati-jabhat-nusra-yetakchisi-haqidagi-axborot-uchun-10-mln-dollar-vada-qildi |sarlavha=AQSh hukumati “Jabhat an-Nusra” yetakchisi haqidagi axborot uchun 10 mln dollar va’da qildi |sana=10.05.2017 |qaralgan sana=16.01.2024 |nashriyot=Daryo.uz}}</ref>. 2024-yil sentyabr holatiga koʻra taklif oʻz kuchida qolgan<ref>US DOS Rewards for Justice Program. https://twitter.com/Rewards4Justice/status/1356731228762890240 {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213151958/https://twitter.com/Rewards4Justice/status/1356731228762890240 |date=2024-12-13 }}. Date 5:28 PM · Feb 2, 2021. Twitter.</ref>.

== Hayoti ==

=== Oilaviy kelib chiqishi ===
[[Fayl:Hussein_al-Sharaa.jpg|left|thumb|212x212px|Ahmad ash-Sharʼaning otasi, Husayn al-Sharaa (1992-yil)]]
Ahmad ash-Sharʼaning oilasi [[Suriya|Suriyaning]] [[Golan tepaligi|Golan tepaliklarida]] istiqomat qilgan. Ammo 1967-yilda sodir boʻlgan [[Olti kunlik urush]] paytida [[Isroil]] bu hududni ishgʻol qilgan va sababdan ular oʻz yerlarini tark etishga majbur boʻlgan<ref name="frontline">{{Cite web |title=The Jihadist |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/the-jihadist/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607035634/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/the-jihadist/ |archive-date=7 June 2021 |access-date=7 June 2021 |website=[[PBS]]}}</ref>. Uning „al-Juloniy“ taxallusi aynan shu [[Golan tepaligi|Golan tepaliklariga]] tegishli ekanligini bildiradi<ref>{{cite news |last=Abouzeid |first=Rania |date=26 July 2012 |title=Meet the Islamist militants fighting alongside Syria's rebels |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://world.time.com/2012/07/26/time-exclusive-meet-the-islamist-militants-fighting-alongside-syrias-rebels/ |url-status=live |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901111744/http://world.time.com/2012/07/26/time-exclusive-meet-the-islamist-militants-fighting-alongside-syrias-rebels/ |archive-date=1 September 2019}}</ref>.

Ahmad ash-Sharʼaning otasi Husayn Ali al-Sharaa [[Suriya|Suriyada]] arab millatchisi va talabalar harakatining yetakchisi boʻlgan. U [[Bag‘dod universiteti|Bagʻdod universitetida]] [[Iqtisodiyot (fan)|iqtisodiyot]] boʻyicha tahsil olgan va keyinchalik [[neft]] muhandisi boʻlib ishlagan<ref name="frontline2" /><ref name="MEE">{{Cite web |last1=Almustafa |first1=Hamzah Almustafa |last2=Jazmati |first2=Hossam |date=22 June 2021 |title=Syria war: Inside the world of HTS leader Abu Mohammad al-Jolani |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/big-story/syria-war-hts-leader-jolani-inside-world |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206154745/https://www.middleeasteye.net/big-story/syria-war-hts-leader-jolani-inside-world |archive-date=6 December 2024 |website=[[Middle East Eye]]}}</ref>. Husayn Ali al-Sharaa iqtisodiy rivojlanish boʻyicha mintaqaviy masalalarga oid koʻplab kitoblar nashr etgan<ref name="MEE2" />. Shuningdek, u 2006–2016-yillar davomida [[Suriya]] vitse-prezidenti boʻlgan Faruq al-Sharaaning amakivachchasi hisoblanadi<ref>{{cite news |date=28 July 2016 |title=مصادر: الجولاني قريب فاروق الشرع.. درس الفقه على يد عالم دمشقي في المزة |language=ar |trans-title=Sources: Al-Julani is a relative of Farouk al-Sharaa. He studied jurisprudence at the hands of a Damascene scholar in Mezzeh. |work=[[Enab Baladi]] |url=https://www.enabbaladi.net/94772/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%A7/ |access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=30 July 2016 |title=صديق طفولة الجولاني يروي ما يعرفه عنه. |language=ar |trans-title=Al-Joulani's childhood friend tells what he knows about him. |publisher=Wattan |url=https://www.wattan.net/ar/news/182427.html |access-date=16 December 2024 }}{{Oʻlikhavola|date=yanvar 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=30 July 2016 |title=أسرار «الجولاني» كشفت بعد انكشاف وجهه: ما علاقته بفاروق الشرع؟ |language=ar |trans-title=Jolani's secrets revealed after his face was exposed: What is his relationship with Farouk al-Sharaa? |publisher=Janoubia |url=https://janoubia.com/2016/08/09/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81-%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%87/ |access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref>. Bundan tashqari, uning amakisi Faruqning xolasiga uylangan<ref>{{cite web |access-date=25 December 2024 |date=22 December 2024 |first=Jumada |language=Arabic |last=al-Akhirah |title=قائد الإدارة الجديدة في سوريا التقى فاروق الشرع ودعاه لحوار وطني |trans-title=The leader of the new administration in Syria met with Farouk Al-Sharaa and invited him to a national dialogue |url=https://aawsat.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A/5094075-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%89-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9-%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1 |website=aawsat.com}}<!-- auto-translated from unknown (Italian or Spanish) by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>.

Ahmad ash-Sharʼaning bobosi Ali Muhammad al-Sharaa [[Fiq]] shahridagi katta yer egasi va [[savdogar]] boʻlgan<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=جزماتي |first=حسام |date=10 September 2024 |title=سيرة والد الجولاني بقلمه |url=https://aljumhuriya.net/ar/2024/09/10/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87/ |access-date=13 December 2024 |website=الجمهورية.نت |language=ar}}</ref>. Bobosining otasi, Muhammad Xolid al-Sharaa (1899–1932) [[Fransiya|Fransiyaning]] [[Suriya]] ustidan bosqinchiligiga qarshi qoʻzgʻolonida muhim rol oʻynagan. Qoʻzgʻolondagi ishtiroki uchun u sirtdan [[Oʻlim jazosi|oʻlim jazosiga]] hukm qilingan, ammo bu hukm hech qachon ijro etilmagan<ref name=":03" />.

=== Yoshlik davri ===
Ahmad Husayn al-Sharaa 1982-yil 29-oktyabrda [[Ar-Riyod|Ar-Riyod shahrida]] oʻrtahol oilada tugʻilgan<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Al-Atrush |first=Samer |last2=Spencer |first2=Richard |date=11 December 2024 |title=Who is Abu Mohammed al-Jolani? ‘Polite’ Syrian leader heads home |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/middle-east/article/abu-mohammed-al-jolani-syrian-leader-xx-9z3lbktjg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218161406/https://www.thetimes.com/world/middle-east/article/abu-mohammed-al-jolani-syrian-leader-xx-9z3lbktjg |archive-date=18 December 2024 |access-date=18 December 2024 |website=[[The Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{multiref2|{{cite web|title=Transcript: The Jihadist|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/the-jihadist/transcript/|website=[[Frontline (American TV program)|Frontline]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819122337/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/the-jihadist/transcript/|archive-date=19 August 2022|url-status=live|quote=His birth name was Ahmed Hussein al-Sharaa.}}|{{cite web|first=Martin|last=Chulov|date=28 July 2016|title=Al-Nusra Front cuts ties with al-Qaida and renames itself|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/28/al-qaida-syria-nusra-split-terror-network|website=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729151634/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/28/al-qaida-syria-nusra-split-terror-network|archive-date=29 July 2016|url-status=live|quote=Jolani, whose birth name is Ahmed Hussein al-Shara'a, had remained hidden throughout the war.}}}}</ref>. Uning otasi [[Ar-Riyod|Ar-Riyodda]] [[neft]] muhandisi sifatida ishlagan, onasi esa [[geografiya]] oʻqituvchisi boʻlgan<ref name="Telegr24">{{cite news |last=Hassan |first=Hassan |date=8 December 2024 |title=Profile: Abu Mohammad al-Jolani |work=[[The Sunday Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/12/08/profile-abu-mohammad-al-jolani-syria-isis-jihadi/ |access-date=}}</ref>. Ular 1989-yilda oilaviy [[Suriya|Suriyaga]] qaytishib, [[Damashq|Damashqdagi]] Mezzeh mahallasiga koʻchib oʻtishgan<ref name="birth">{{cite news |date=5 June 2021 |title=بعد شهور.. الجولاني يكشف عن أسرار حياته لمارتن سميث |publisher=Al Alam TV |url=https://www.alalamtv.net/news/5630713 |url-status=live |access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607072858/https://www.alalamtv.net/news/5630713/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1--%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB |archive-date=7 June 2021}}</ref>. Ahmad ash-Sharʼaning eng mukammal [[Biografiya|biografiyasini]] yozgan Hussam Jazmatining soʻzlariga koʻra, sinfdoshlari uni qalin koʻzoynak taqadigan, eʼtibor tortmaslikka harakat qilgan oʻquvchi sifatida eslashadi. U tirishqoq boʻlsa-da, kamtar boʻlgan<ref name="Telegr242" />. Yoshligida „xotirjam“ va „uyatchan“ sifatida taʼriflangan. Shuningdek, u „hiyla-nayrangga usta va aqlli“<ref name=":22" />, ammo „ijtimoiy jihatdan yopiq“ boʻlgani aytilgan. Uning „kelishgan qiyofasi“ va alavit qiz bilan boʻlgan muhabbati ham eʼtiborga sazovor boʻlgan, biroq bu munosabatga har ikki tomonning oilalari qarshi chiqqan<ref name="MEE3" />. U 2003-yilda [[Iroq|Iroqqa]] koʻchib ketgunga qadar [[Damashq|Damashqda]] qolib, [[media tadqiqotlari]] va [[tibbiyot]] yoʻnalishida tahsil olgan<ref name=":23" /><ref name="Telegr243" /><ref name="birth2" />.

=== Iroq urushi ===
[[Fayl:Mugshot_of_Abu_Mohammad_al-Jolani.jpg|thumb|219x219px|2006-yil [[Iroq|Iroqda]] [[AQSH]] kuchlari tomonidan qoʻlga olinganidan soʻng olingan surati]]
2021-yilda [[Frontline]] nashriga bergan intervyusida Ahmad ash-Sharʼa 2000-yilda (17 yoki 18 yoshida) [[Falastin|Falastinning]] Ikkinchi Intifada taʼsirida [[Radikal|radikallashganini]] soʻzlab, quyidagi fikrlarni aytgan:<blockquote>"Men bosqinchi va istilochilar tomonidan ezilayotgan xalqni himoya qilib, oʻz vazifamni qanday ado etishim mumkinligi haqida oʻylay boshladim"<ref name="FT24">{{cite web |author=Raya Jalabi |date=7 December 2024 |title=Abu Mohammad al-Jolani, the Syrian rebel leader hoping to overthrow Assad |url=https://www.ft.com/content/574cc17a-fa3a-411b-acb0-34fc032c7fe4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/20241206173146/https://www.ft.com/content/574cc17a-fa3a-411b-acb0-34fc032c7fe4 |archive-date=6 December 2024 |access-date= |website=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Salem |first=Mostafa |date=6 December 2024 |title=How Syria's rebel leader went from radical jihadist to a blazer-wearing 'revolutionary' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/06/middleeast/syria-hts-al-jolani-profile-intl/index.html |website=[[CNN News]]}}</ref>.</blockquote>[[2001-yil 11-sentyabr terror xurujlari|2001-yil 11-sentyabr terror xurujlarini]] maʼqullagan<ref name="MEE4" /> Ahmad ash-Sharʼa 2003-yilgi [[AQSH|AQSHning]] [[Iroq|Iroqni]] bosib olishidan bir necha hafta oldin [[Damashq|Damashqdan]] [[Bagʻdod|Bagʻdodga]] [[Avtobus|avtobusda]] safar qilgan. U yerda [[Iroq|Iroqdagi]] [[al-Qoida]] (AQI) tashkilotiga qoʻshilib, tez fursatlar ichida yuqori lavozimlarga koʻtarilgan<ref name="FT242" />. 2013-yilda [[The Times of Israel]] gazetasi Ahmad ash-Sharʼani AQI tashkiloti rahbari [[Abu Musab al-Zarqaviy]] bilan yaqin boʻlganini daʼvo qilgan<ref name="ToI13">{{cite web |date=4 November 2013 |title=Elusive Al-Qaeda leader in Syria stays in shadows |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/elusive-al-qaeda-leader-in-syria-stays-in-shadows/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224195240/http://www.timesofisrael.com/elusive-al-qaeda-leader-in-syria-stays-in-shadows/ |archive-date=24 December 2018 |access-date= |website=[[Times of Israel]]}}</ref>. Ahmad ash-Sharʼa 2021-yilda [[Frontline]] nashriga bergan intervyusida [[Abu Musab al-Zarqaviy]] bilan hech qachon uchrashmaganini va u faqatgina Amerika bosqiniga qarshi al-Qoidaning oddiy askari sifatida xizmat qilganini taʼkidlagan<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2021 |title=Interview-Abu Mohammad al-Jolani |work=PBS Frontline |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/abu-mohammad-al-jolani/ |quote=Most of the information available on the internet is false... No, I didn't meet Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was mostly present in Fallujah and Ramadi and around this region, and I was in Mosul during that time. I was a regular soldier. I wasn't involved in any major operations that I would meet al-Zarqawi.}}</ref>. Iroq fuqarolik urushi boshlanishidan oldin, 2006-yilda Ahmad ash-Sharʼa [[AQSH]] kuchlari tomonidan hibsga olingan. U 5 yildan ortiq vaqt davomida Abu Ghraib, Camp Bucca, Camp Cropper va Camp Taji kabi turli [[Turma|turmalarda]] saqlangan<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last=Klausen |first=Jytte |title=Western Jihadism: A Thirty-Year History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-19-887079-1 |location=Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom |pages=399 |chapter=11: The ISIS Effect |access-date= |chapter-url= |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2021 |title=Interview-Abu Mohammad al-Jolani |work=PBS Frontline |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/abu-mohammad-al-jolani/ |quote=}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news |date=4 December 2024 |title=Who is Abu Mohammed al-Julani, leader of HTS in Syria? |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/4/who-is-abu-mohamad-al-julani-the-leader-of-hayat-tahrir-al-sham-in-syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214180012/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/4/who-is-abu-mohamad-al-julani-the-leader-of-hayat-tahrir-al-sham-in-syria |archive-date=14 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |last=Jalabi |first=Raya |date=8 December 2024 |title=Abu Mohammad al-Jolani, the Syrian rebel leader |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/574cc17a-fa3a-411b-acb0-34fc032c7fe4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212192451/https://www.ft.com/content/574cc17a-fa3a-411b-acb0-34fc032c7fe4 |archive-date=12 December 2024}}</ref>.
== Suriya fuqarolar urushi ==

=== Suriya qoʻzgʻoloni va al-Nusra tashkilotining tashkil topishi ===
Suriya inqilobi bilan bir paytda Ahmad ash-Sharʼa ham qamoqdan ozod etilgan. Soʻng unga 2011-yil avgustda [[Ayman az-Zavahiri]] va [[Al-Qoida|al-Qoidaning]] markaziy qoʻmondonligi tomonidan Suriyada Al-Qoida tashkilotining faoliyatini yoʻlga qoʻyish vazifasini topshirilgan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Klausen |first=Jytte |title=Western Jihadism: A Thirty-Year History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-19-887079-1 |location=Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom |pages=399 |chapter=11: The ISIS Effect |quote=In August 2011, the new emir of Al Qaeda, Bin Laden's old second-in-command, Ayman al-Zawahiri and Al Qaeda's central command sent Abu Mohammad al-Julani to set up a mission in Syria. |access-date= |chapter-url= |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto3" />. Ahmad ash-Sharʼa katta miqdordagi mablagʻ va [[Al-Qoida|al-Qoidaning]] faoliyatini yoʻlga qoʻyish vakolati bilan Suriyaga oʻtgan<ref name="auto12" /><ref name="auto22" />. Ahmad ash-Sharʼa [[al-Qoida]] markaziy qoʻmondonligining yuqori lavozimli aʼzolari bilan birgalikda „Jabhat al-Nusra“ni („al-Nusra fronti“) tashkil etgan. [[Ayman az-Zavahiri|Az-Zavahiri]] bu tashkilotni [[Suriya|Suriyada]] Ahmad ash-Sharʼa boshchiligidagi turli islomiy jangari guruhlarning keng [[Koalitsiya|koalitsiyasi]] sifatida tashkil etilgan. Ushbu guruh bevosita „<nowiki/>[[al-Qoida]]<nowiki/>“ markaziy qoʻmondonligiga sodiq boʻlishi koʻzda tutilgan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Klausen |first=Jytte |title=Western Jihadism: A Thirty-Year History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-19-887079-1 |location=Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom |pages=399 |chapter=11: The ISIS Effect |quote=Al-Julani and a cadre of experienced operatives from the Al Qaeda high command set up ''Jabhat al-Nusra'', also known in English as the Nusra Front , which was supposed to function as a united front organization for the various jihadist fighter groups. ... The Nusra Front was, following al-Zawahiri's vision, supposed to work as a broad front organization and high command for aligned fighter groups in the area... In other words, al-Julani was the boss directly answering to al-Zawahiri's HQ |access-date= |chapter-url= |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live}}</ref>.

Oʻsha paytda [[al-Qoida]] bilan ittifoqdosh boʻlgan Iroq Islom Davlati (ISI) rahbariyati uning ketishidan mamnun boʻlishgan. Ahmad ash-Sharʼa shunga qaramay [[Abu Bakr al-Bagʻdodiy]] bilan kelishuv tuzib, [[Al-Qoida|al-Qoidaning]] Suriya boʻlimi, yaʼni Jabhat al-Nusrani kengaytirishni davom ettirgan. Guruh 2013-yilgacha ISI bilan ittifoqni saqlab qolgan. Ahmad ash-Sharʼa va [[Abu Bakr al-Bagʻdodiy|al-Bagʻdodiy]] oʻrtasida kelishuv boʻlib, nizolarni [[al-Qoida]] amiri [[Ayman az-Zavahiri]] vositachiligida hal qilgan. Vaqt oʻtishi bilan Ahmad ash-Sharʼa transmilliy jihodchilik gʻoyalaridan uzoqlashib, oʻz guruhini tobora koʻproq milliy suriyalik kurash doirasida taqdim eta boshlagan<ref name="FT243" />.

ISI, dastlab, Ahmad ash-Sharʼani [[Suriya|Suriyada]] [[al-Qoida]] tarmogʻini tashkil etish maqsadida jangchilar, qurol-yarogʻ va mablagʻ bilan taʼminlagan. Ahmad ash-Sharʼa qamoqdan ozod boʻlganidan soʻng, bu rejalarni ISI rahbarlari bilan hamkorlikda amalga oshirgan<ref name="frontline3" />.

2012-yil yanvarda al-Nusra tuzilganligi rasman eʼlon qilingan va Ahmad ash-Sharʼa esa uning bosh amiri etib tayinlangan. Shu yilning dekabr oyiga kelib, [[AQSH Davlat departamenti]] Jabhat al-Nusrani terrorchi tashkilot deb eʼlon qilgan va uni [[Iroq|Iroqdagi]] [[al-Qoida]] (Iroq Islom Davlati nomi bilan ham tanilgan)ning tashkiloti ekanligini aniqlagan<ref>{{Cite news |title=Terrorist Designations of the al-Nusrah Front as an Alias for al-Qa'ida in Iraq |newspaper=U.S. Department of State |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/12/201759.htm |url-status=live |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130213913/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/12/201759.htm |archive-date=30 January 2017}}</ref>. Ahmad ash-Sharʼa rahbarligida al-Nusra [[Suriya|Suriyaning]] eng kuchli guruhlaridan biriga aylangan<ref name="ToI132" />. Uning istehkomi [[Suriya|Suriyaning]] shimoli-gʻarbidagi Idlib muhofazotida joylashgan<ref name="BI15">{{cite web |title=An internal struggle: Al Qaeda's Syrian affiliate is grappling with its identity |url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2015/05/31-syria-isis-lister |publisher=Brookings Institution |date=31 May 2015 |access-date=1 June 2015}}</ref>.

=== ISHID bilan ziddiyatlar ===
2012–2013-yillarda Ahmad ash-Sharʼa [[Suriya|Suriyada]] oʻz hukmronligini oʻrnatayotganda, [[IShID|ISHIDning]] Iroqdagi rahbariyati unga nisbatan shubhalana boshlagan<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Hassan |first=Hassan |last2=Weiss |first2=Michael |date=2 December 2024 |title=The Backstory Behind the Fall of Aleppo |url=https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/the-backstory-behind-the-fall-of-aleppo/ |access-date=18 December 2024 |website=New Lines Magazine |language=en}}</ref>. Jabhat al-Nusra Assad rejimiga qarshi kurashda boshqa [[Suriya|suriyalik]] isyonchi guruhlar bilan hamkorlik qilgani va ijtimoiy xizmatlar koʻrsatgani uchun tobora mashhurlashib borgan<ref name=":3">Zelin 2022, p. 16</ref>. Ahmad ash-Sharʼa esa [[Abu Bakr al-Bagʻdodiy|al-Bagʻdodiyning]] bu guruhlarga qarshi kurashni boshlash va muxolifat faollariga [[suiqasd]] uyushtirish haqidagi buyruqlarini eʼtiborsiz qoldirgan. [[Abu Bakr al-Bagʻdodiy|Al-Bagʻdodiyning]] eng yaqin yordamchisi [[Abu Ali al-Anbari]] Ahmad ash-Sharʼaning ishlarini tekshirish uchun [[Suriya|Suriyaga]] borgan va uni „makkor va ikkiyuzlamachi odam“ deb baholagan<ref name=":1" />.

Jabhat al-Nusraning mashhurligi va Ahmad ash-Sharʼaning itoatsizligi [[Abu Bakr al-Bagʻdodiy|al-Bagʻdodiyda]] tashvish uygʻotgan. 2013-yil aprel oyida u Jabhat al-Nusra va Iroq Islomiy Davlati (IID)ni birlashtirib, [[Iroq va Shom Islom Davlati|Iroq va Shom Islomiy Davlati]] (ISHID)ni tashkil etilishini bir tomonlama eʼlon qilgan<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Byman |first=Daniel L. |last2=Williams |first2=Jennifer R. |title=ISIS vs. Al Qaeda: Jihadism’s global civil war |url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/isis-vs-al-qaeda-jihadisms-global-civil-war/ |access-date=18 December 2024 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref>. Ushbu birlashuv Jabhat al-Nusraning mustaqilligini va [[Al-Qoida|al-Qoidaning]] markaziy qoʻmondonligiga boʻlgan sodiqligini yoʻq qilishi va buning natijasida, barcha yetakchilar, qarorlar va operatsiyalar toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri [[Abu Bakr al-Bagʻdodiy]] nazorati ostida boʻlishi kerak boʻlgan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Klausen |first=Jytte |title=Western Jihadism: A Thirty-Year History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-19-887079-1 |location=Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom |pages=399 |chapter= |quote= |access-date= |chapter-url= |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status=live}}</ref>. Ahmad ash-Sharʼa al-Nusra frontining mustaqilligini saqlash maqsadida, ochiqdan-ochiq [[al-Qoida]] yetakchisi [[Ayman az-Zavahiri|Ayman az-Zavahiriga]] [[bayʼat]] bergan. [[Ayman az-Zavahiri]] esa al-Nusraning Iroq Islomiy Davlati (IID)dan mustaqilligini tasdiqlovchi bayonot eʼlon qilgan<ref name=":5">Zelin 2022, p. 17</ref><ref name="Nahar">{{cite news |date=10 April 2013 |title=Al-Nusra Commits to al-Qaeda, Deny Iraq Branch 'Merger' |agency=[[Agence France Presse]] |url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/78961-al-nusra-commits-to-al-qaida-deny-iraq-branch-merger/ |url-status=live |access-date=2 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401030807/http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/78961-al-nusra-commits-to-al-qaida-deny-iraq-branch-merger/ |archive-date=1 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=10 June 2014 |title=Hundreds killed as ISIL insurgents gain ground in east Syria |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-rebels-idUSKBN0EL10R20140610?irpc=932 |access-date=12 July 2014}}</ref>. Mazkur bayonotda [[Suriya]] al-Nusra frontining „hududiy davlati“ ekani va [[IShID|ISHID]] hukmronligining faqat [[Iroq]] bilan cheklangani taʼkidlangan. [[Ayman az-Zavahiri]] [[al-Qoida]] markaziy qoʻmondonligi bilan maslahatlashmasdan va xabar bermasdan eʼlon qilingan [[Abu Bakr al-Bagʻdodiy|al-Bagʻdodiy]][[Abu Bakr al-Bagʻdodiy|ning]] birlashish haqidagi qarorini rad etgan. Shu bilan birga, u ikki guruh oʻrtasida vositachilik qilish va kelishuvlarning bajarilishini nazorat qilish uchun [[Abu Xolid al-Suri|Abu Xolid al-Surini]] oʻz vakili sifatida tayinlagan<ref name="Nahar" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/06/2013699425657882.html |title=Qaeda chief annuls Syrian-Iraqi jihad merger |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=9 June 2013 |access-date=2 October 2014 |archive-date=25 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525165449/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/06/2013699425657882.html |url-status=live}}</ref>.

2013-yil oxirida [[Ayman az-Zavahiri]] [[Abu Bakr al-Bagʻdodiy|al-Bagʻdodiyni]] birlashuvni bekor qilish toʻgʻrisidagi buyrugʻini qabul qilishga chaqirgan, biroq [[Abu Bakr al-Bagʻdodiy|al-Bagʻdodiy]] bu talabni rad etib, birlashuvni davom ettirishga uringan<ref name=":43" />. 2014-yil fevraliga kelib, [[IShID|ISHID]] va al-Nusra oʻrtasidagi nizoni hal qilishga qaratilgan saʼy-harakatlar muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan. Natijada, 2014-yil fevral oyida [[al-Qoida]] [[IShID|ISHID]] bilan rasman aloqalarni uzgan va al-Nusra [[Suriya|Suriyada]] [[Al-Qoida|al-Qoidaning]] yagona vakili sifatida qolgan<ref>{{Cite news |author=Liz Sly |author-link=Liz Sly |date=3 February 2014 |title=Al-Qaeda disavows any ties with radical Islamist ISIS group in Syria, Iraq |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/al-qaeda-disavows-any-ties-with-radical-islamist-isis-group-in-syria-iraq/2014/02/03/2c9afc3a-8cef-11e3-98ab-fe5228217bd1_story.html |access-date=27 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=":52" />. Ahmad ash-Sharʼa 23-fevral kuni [[Abu Xolid al-Suri|Abu Xolid al-Surining]] oʻldirilishidan soʻng, [[IShID|ISHIDni]] qattiq qoralagan va ularni [[Al-Qoida|al-Qoidaga]] qarshi [[AQSh]] bilan birga kurashgan [[Iroq|Iroqning]] „al-Sahvah“ kuchlariga oʻxshatgan. U [[IShID|ISHIDni]] isyonchilarga qarshi kurashish orqali [[Bashar Asad|Asadga]] qarshi kurashni susaytirganlikda ayblagan<ref name=":6">Zelin 2022, pp. 53-54</ref>. Soʻng, [[IShID|ISHID]] va al-Nusra oʻrtasida ochiq urush boshlangan; Ahmad ash-Sharʼa bu urush [[Bashar Asad|Asadga]] nafas rostlash imkoniyatini berishi mumkinligi xususida ogohlantirgan<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2014 |title=ISIS vows to crush rival rebel groups |work=The Daily Star |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jan-08/243402-isis-vows-to-crush-rival-rebel-groups.ashx |url-status=live |access-date=2 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107234612/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jan-08/243402-isis-vows-to-crush-rival-rebel-groups.ashx |archive-date=7 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="ToI133" />. Keyingi oylar davomida, [[IShID|ISHID]] al-Nusra va [[Suriya]] muxolifati nazoratidagi hududlarning katta qismini egallab olgan<ref name=":6" />. 2015-yil fevraligacha boʻlgan toʻqnashuvlarda har ikki tomondan taxminan toʻrt ming jangchi halok boʻlgan<ref name=":43" />. Ahmad ash-Sharʼa 2015-yilning iyunida „al-Jazira“ nashrigaga bergan intervyusida, bu nizoning hal qilinishi yaqinlashmagani haqida gapirgan. U [[IShID|ISHID]] agar „<nowiki/>[[Alloh|Allohga]] [[tavba]] qilib, aqllini yigʻmasa“, ular oʻrtasida „faqat jang boʻlishini“ aytgan<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2015 |title=Nusra leader: No end to conflict with ISIL in Syria |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/6/4/nusra-leader-no-end-to-conflict-with-isil-in-syria |access-date=19 December 2024 |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en}}</ref>.

=== AQSHga qarshi tahdidlar ===
[[AQSH]] boshchiligidagi [[Koalitsiya|koalitsiyaning]] [[Suriya|Suriyadagi]] [[IShID|ISHIDga]] qarshi „<nowiki/>[[Oʻzgarmas qaror operatsiyasi]]<nowiki/>“ havo hujumlari boshlangach, Ahmad ash-Sharʼa kamdan-kam uchraydigan ommaviy bayonotida bu hujumlarni [[Islom|Islomga]] qarshi tajovuz deb baholagan. U gʻarb jamoatchiligini ogohlantirib, janglarning gʻarb davlatlariga koʻchib oʻtishi mumkinligi haqida aytgan. Uning soʻzlariga koʻra, [[musulmonlar]] oʻz yerlari bombardimon qilinishi, farzandlarining oʻldirilishini tomosha qilib turmaydi va shu sababdan janglarning gʻarb xavfsizlikni buzishi muqarrar boʻladi.

[[AQSH]] zarbalaridan besh kun oʻtib tarqatilgan audio xabarida Ahmad ash-Sharʼa gʻarb va [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari|Amerikaning]] [[IShID|ISHID]] tomonidan sodir etilgan [[Adolat|adolatsizlikdan]] foydalanishiga yoʻl qoʻymaslikka chaqirgan. U, agar [[IShID|ISHIDni]] yoki boshqa kuchlarni toʻxtatish imkoni boʻlmasa, buni salibchilar ittifoqiga sherik boʻlmasdan amalga oshirish kerakligini taʼkidlagan.

Ahmad ash-Sharʼa, shuningdek, al-Nusraning [[AQSH|AQSHdan]] moliyaviy yoki harbiy yordam olgan har qanday guruhga qarshi kurashishini bildirgan. U „Gʻarb tomonidan biroz pul va oʻq-dorilar evaziga sotib olingan va uning qoʻlida qurolga aylangan xoin guruhlarni“ keskin qoralagan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/06/world/meast/isis-al-nusra-syria/index.html |title=Islamist rivals in Syria find a common enemy in 'crusaders' coalition |date=6 October 2014}}</ref>.

Ahmad ash-Sharʼaning 2014-yil 28-sentabrda eʼlon qilingan audio bayonotida [[AQSH]] va uning ittifoqchilariga qarshi kurashishini bildirgan hamda jangchilarni [[IShID|ISHIDga]] qarshi kurashda gʻarbdan yordam olmaslikka chaqirgan<ref>{{cite news |date=28 September 2014 |title=U.S. and its allies strike ISIS tank, refineries and checkpoints |work=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/28/world/meast/isis-syria-iraq-strikes/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=2 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212040737/https://www.cnn.com/2014/09/28/world/meast/isis-syria-iraq-strikes/index.html |archive-date=12 December 2018}}</ref>.

=== Al-Nusraning qayta tiklanishi ===
2015-yil may oyining oxirlarida al-Sharʼa [[Al-Jazira]] telekanalida Ahmad Mansurga yuzini yashirgan holda [[intervyu]] bergan. U Jeneva tinchlik konferensiyasini „koʻzboʻyamachilik“ deb taʼriflagan va Gʻarb tomonidan qoʻllab-quvvatlangan Suriya Milliy Koalitsiyasi [[Suriya]] xalqini ifoda etmasligini, shuningdek, [[Suriya]] hududida amalda mavjud boʻlmaganligini taʼkidlangan. Bundan tashqari u al-Nusra frontining [[Gʻarb|Gʻarbga]] qarshi hujum qilish rejalari yoʻqligini, shuningdek, ularning asosiy maqsadi [[Bashar Asad|Asad]] boshchiligidagi Suriya hukumatiga, [[Hizbulloh|Hizbullohga]] va [[ISHID|ISHIDga]] qarshi kurashish ekanligini aytgan<ref name="aljazeera20150528">{{cite web |title=Syria Al-Qaeda leader: Our mission is to defeat regime, not attack West |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/5/28/syria-al-qaeda-leader-our-mission-is-to-defeat-regime.html |website=al-Jazeera |date=28 May 2015 |access-date=30 May 2015 |archive-date=1 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601000033/http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/5/28/syria-al-qaeda-leader-our-mission-is-to-defeat-regime.html |url-status=live}}</ref>. Nusraning urushdan keyingi Suriya rejasi haqida soʻralganda, al-Sharʼa avvalo mamlakatdagi barcha guruhlar bilan maslahatlashmay turib, hech kim „islomiy davlat qurish“ haqida oʻylashi mumkin emasligini taʼkidlagan. Shuningdek, u [[Bashar Asad|Asad]] rejimini qoʻllab-quvvatlashiga qaramay, Nusra mamlakatdagi [[Aleviylar|alaviy]] ozchilikka qarshi chiqmasligini aytgan<ref name="aljazeera20150528" />. 2015-yil oktyabr oyiga kelib, [[Rossiya|Rossiyaning]] Suriyadagi fuqarolar urushiga aralashuviga javoban al-Sharʼa [[Bashar Asad|Asadning]] Alaviy qishloqlaridagi qarorgohlariga hujumlarni kuchaytirgan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11927760/Syrias-Nusra-Front-leader-urges-wider-attacks-on-Assads-Alawite-areas-to-avenge-Russian-bombing.html |title=Syria's Nusra Front leader urges wider attacks on Assad's Alawite areas to avenge Russian bombing |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=13 October 2015 |access-date=4 April 2018 |archive-date=26 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126064330/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11927760/Syrias-Nusra-Front-leader-urges-wider-attacks-on-Assads-Alawite-areas-to-avenge-Russian-bombing.html |url-status=live}}</ref>.

=== Al-Qoidadan ajralib chiqish ===
[[Rossiya|Rossiyaning]] urushga aralashuvi [[Suriya]] muxolifati uchun vaziyatni tubdan oʻzgartirga va ularga xorijiy homiylarning taʼsirini kuchaytirgan. 2016-yil yanvar oyida al-Nusra boshqa isyonchi guruhlar bilan birlashish boʻyicha muzokaralar oʻtkazgan. Bu xorijiy kuchlarining ushbu guruhlarni unga qarshi ishlatishiga yoʻl qoʻymaslik maqsadida amalga oshirilgan. Biroq, al-Nusraning [[al-Qoida]] bilan aloqasi tufayli muzokaralar barbod boʻlgan. Shundan soʻng, tashkilotning taxminan uchdan bir qismini tashkil etgan islohotchi qanoti al-Sharaaga [[ultimatum]] qoʻydi: [[al-Qoida]] bilan aloqalarni uzib, boshqa isyonchi guruhlar bilan birlashish yoki ajralish<ref name="westpoint20180215">{{Cite web |last=Lister |first=Charles |date=15 February 2018 |title=How al-Qa'ida Lost Control of its Syrian Affiliate: The Inside Story |url=https://ctc.westpoint.edu/al-qaida-lost-control-syrian-affiliate-inside-story/ |access-date=19 December 2024 |website=[[Combating Terrorism Center|Combating Terrorism Center at West Point]] |language=en-US}}</ref>.

2016-yil iyulda al-Shar’a al-Nusraning Shoʻro Kengashini ikki marta chaqirib, bu masalani muhokama qilgan. Birinchi kengashda bir qarorga kelinmadi, ikkinchi kengashda „oʻrta yoʻl“ tanlandi: [[Suriya ayollari|Suriyadan]] tashqarida [[al-Qoida]] bilan aloqalarni uzish, lekin [[Suriya]] ichida aloqalarni saqlab qolish<ref name="westpoint20180215" />. Az-Zavohiriy bilan bogʻlanish imkonsiz boʻlgani sababli, [[Al-Qoida|al-Qoidaning]] bir qancha yuqori martabali rahbarlari, jumladan, az-Zavohiriyning oʻrinbosari Abu Xayr al-Masriy, boʻlinishni maʼqulladi, biroq bu az-Zavohiriyning keyinchalik oʻzi tasdiqlashi sharti bilan boʻlgan<ref name="Zelin-2022-17-18">Zelin 2022, pp. 17-18</ref><ref name="westpoint20180215" />. Agar u buni tasdiqlamasa, ushbu boʻlinish bekor qilinishi kerak edi. Al-Shar’a ushbu shartlarga rozi boʻlgan va al-Nusraning Shoʻro Kengashi tomonidan ozchilik farqi bilan maʼqullangan<ref name="westpoint20180215" />.

2016-yil 28-iyulda al-Sharʼa al-Nusraning [[al-Qoida]] bilan aloqalarini uzganini va oʻz nomini Jabhat Fath ash-Sham (JFS) deb oʻzgartirganini eʼlon qilgan<ref name="Rebrand">{{Cite news |date=28 July 2016 |title=Syrian Nusra Front announces split from al-Qaeda |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-36916606 |url-status=live |access-date=28 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730021539/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36916606 |archive-date=30 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="split">{{Cite news |date=29 July 2016 |title=Al-Nusra leader Jolani announces split from al-Qaeda |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/7/29/al-nusra-leader-jolani-announces-split-from-al-qaeda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203103759/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/7/29/al-nusra-leader-jolani-announces-split-from-al-qaeda |archive-date=3 December 2022}}</ref>. Unga koʻra, yangi tashkilot „hech qanday tashqi tuzilma bilan bogʻliq boʻlmasligini“ aytgan<ref name="LWJ1">{{cite journal|date=28 July 2016|title=Analysis: Al Nusrah Front rebrands itself as Jabhat Fath Al Sham {{!}} FDD’s Long War Journal|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/07/analysis-al-nusrah-front-rebrands-itself-as-jabhat-fath-al-sham.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324200647/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/07/analysis-al-nusrah-front-rebrands-itself-as-jabhat-fath-al-sham.php|archive-date=24 March 2019|access-date=17 January 2017|website=FDD’s Long War Journal}}</ref>. Ayman al-Zavohiriy bu boʻlinishni omma oldida qoʻllab-quvvatlagan boʻlsa-da<ref name="Rebrand" />, dastlab unga qarshi chiqqan <ref name="Zelin-2022-17-18" />. Ushbu qarorga norozilik sifatida al-Nusradagi bir qancha [[al-Qoida]] tarafdorlari, jumladan, Abu Julaybib, Abu Xadija al-Urduniy va Abu Humam al-Shomiy JFSni tark etgan<ref name="westpoint20180215" />. 2016-yil sentabr oyida al-Zavohiri al-Sharaani „itoatsizlik“ qilgani uchun qattiq tanqid qilgan va buni maʼqullagani uchun al-Masrini tanbeh sifatida xat yozgan. Al-Zavohirining qarorni rad etishi natijasida al-Masriy oʻz qoʻllovini qaytarib olgan. Shuningdek, al-Qoida yetakchilari Abdulloh Ahmad Abdulloh va Sayf al-Adl ham boʻlinishga qarshi chiqqan. Al-Sharaaning ushbu qarorni bekor qilishi kutilgan, biroq u buni rad etgan<ref name="westpoint20180215" />.
=== Hay’at Tahrir ash-Shomning tashkil etilishi ===
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=== Idlib hukumati ===
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=== 2024-yildagi isyonchilar hukmronligi ===
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== Asad hukumati qulashidan keyingi boshqaruv tizimi ==

=== Amaldagi rahbar sifatida (2024-2025) ===
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=== Prezidentlik davri (2025-yildan buyon) ===
2025-yil 29-yanvaridan [[Suriya|Suriyaning]] 20-prezidenti<ref name="kun" />.
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== Siyosiy pozitsiyalar ==

=== Iqtisodiyot ===

=== Isroilga nisbatan qarashlari ===
Prezident Ahmed al‑Sharaa Isroil siyosatiga nisbatan tanqidiy pozitsiyani egallaydi. U Isroilning G‘azo sektoridagi harbiy amaliyotlarini, G‘arbiy Sohildagi bosib olingan hududlarni kengaytirish siyosatini xalqaro huquqqa zid deb hisoblaydi. Al‑Sharaa Falastin xalqining o‘z taqdirini belgilash huquqini ochiq qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi hamda Isroilni mintaqaviy beqarorlik va inson huquqlarining buzilishida asosiy mas’ul tomon sifatida tilga oladi.

=== Eronga nisbatan qarashlari ===

== Shaxsiy hayoti ==
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== Hujjatli film ==
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== Bibliografiya ==
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== Yana qarang ==

* [[Ahmad ash-Sharʼaning xalqaro safarlari roʻyxati]]

== Izohlar ==
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== Manbalar ==
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== Adabiyotlar ==
* Zelin, Aaron Y. (2022). ''[https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/sites/default/files/pdf/PolicyFocus175Zelinv2.pdf The Age of Political Jihadism: A Study of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham]'' (PDF). [[The Washington Institute for Near East Policy]]. [[Special:BookSources/9798985447446|ISBN 9798985447446]].

== Havolalar ==
* {{Commons-inline}}





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{{tashqi havolalar}}