Arowana sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Arowanalar''' '''Osteoglossinae oilasining'''  chuchuk suvda yashovchi  [[Suyakli baliqlar|suyakli baliqlari]] bo'lib, shuningdek, '''suyak tillalari'''  deb ham ataladi<ref name="Australia">{{kitob manbasi|last=Allen|first=G. R.|title=Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia|year=2002|publisher=Western Australia Museum|isbn=0-7307-5486-3|location=Perth|pages=56–58}}</ref> (oxirgi ism hozir ko'pincha Arapaiminae uchun ajratilgan).  Bu baliq oilasining boshi suyakli, choʻzilgan tanasi yirik, ogʻir tangachalar  bilan qoplangan, mozaik naqshli. Orqa va anal qanotlari  nurlarga ega va uzun asosli, ko'krak va qorin qanotlari esa kichikdir. Arowana aerobdir va havodan kislorodni [[Oʻpka|o'pka to'qimasi]] kabi kapillyarlar bilan qoplangan suzish pufagiga so'rib olish orqali olishi mumkin.<ref>{{kitob manbasi|last=Berra|first=Tim M.|year=2001|title=Freshwater Fish Distribution|url=https://archive.org/details/freshwaterfishdi0000berr|location=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=0-12-093156-7}}</ref>
[[Fayl:Red_Arowana034.JPG|thumb|250x250px| [[Akvarium|Jamoat akvariumidagi]] super qizil Osiyo arowana]]
Osteoglossinalar ichida Janubiy Amerika ''Osteoglossum'' arowanas O'rta Yura davrida Osiyo va Avstraliya ''Skleropag arowanalaridan'' taxminan 170 Mya uzoqlashgan.<ref name="Kumazawa 2003">{{jurnal manbasi |last=Kumazawa |first1=Yoshinori |year=2003 |title=The reason the freshwater fish arowana live across the sea |url=http://www.brh.co.jp/en/experience/journal/39/research_1.html |journal=Quarterly Journal Biohistory |issue=Winter |access-date=19-iyul 2014-yil |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205000120/http://www.brh.co.jp/en/experience/journal/39/research_1.html |archivedate=2012-02-05 |seperator=}}</ref>

Osteoglossidae - Uolles chizig'ining ikkala tomonida joylashgan yagona chuchuk suv baliqlari oilasi.<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|last=Ismail, Mohd Zakaria|title=Systematics, Zoogeography, and Conservation of the Freshwater Fishes of Peninsular Malaysia|publisher=Colorado State University|year=1989|pages=25}}</ref> Buni Osiyo arowanalari (''S. formosus'') Avstraliya ''Scleropages'', ''S.'' Jardinii va ''S. Leichardti'', taxminan 140 Mya dan ajralib chiqqanligi nazariyasi bilan izohlash mumkin, bu esa Osiyo arowanalarining Hindiston yarimorolida Osiyoga olib o'tilganligini taxmin qiladi.<ref name="Kumazawa 2003"/><ref>{{jurnal manbasi|last=Kumazawa|first1=Yoshinori|last2=Nishida, Mutsumi|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume=17|issue=12|date=1-dekabr 2000-yil|title=Molecular Phylogeny of Osteoglossoids: A New Model for Gondwanian Origin and Plate Tectonic Transportation of the Asian Arowana|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-biology-and-evolution_2000-12_17_12/page/1869|pmid=11110903|pages=1869–78|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026288}}</ref>

== Qazilma qoldiqlari ==
Faqat rasmlardan  ma'lum bo'lgan kamida beshta yo'qolgan avlod osteoglossidlar sifatida tasniflanadi; Bular hech bo'lmaganda kechki  bo'r davriga to'g'ri keladi. Kech yura yoki erta bo'r davrigacha bo'lgan boshqa fotoalbomlar arowana superorder Osteoglossomorpha ga tegishli deb hisoblanadi. Osteoglossomorf qoldiqlari Antarktidadan tashqari barcha qit'alarda topilgan.<ref name="guo">{{veb manbasi|muallif=Guo-Qing|ism=Li|yil=1998|url=http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Osteoglossomorpha&contgroup=Teleostei|sarlavha=Osteoglossomorpha|format=article|nashriyot=Tree of Life|kirish sanasi=2006-04-14}}</ref> Ushbu qazilma avlodlarga ''Brychaetus'', ''Joffrichthys'' va ''Fareodus kiradi''.

== Taksonomiya ==

** Genus † ''Anaedopogon'' <small>Cope 1871-yil</small>
** Jins † ''Foreyichthys'' <small>Taverne 1979-yil</small>
** Jins † ''Nieerkunia'' <small>Su 1992-yil</small>
** Jins † ''Osteoglossidarum'' [otolit]
** Jins † ''Ridewoodichthys'' <small>Taverne 2009-yil</small>
** Jins † ''Taverneichthys'' <small>Kumar, Rana & Paliwal 2005</small>
** Jins † ''Tetoriichthys'' <small>Yabumoto 2008-yil</small>
** Osteoglossinae <small>Bonapart kichik oilasi 1832</small> yil
*** ''Scleropages'' <small>Gunther jinsi 1864-yil</small>
*** Genus ''Osteoglossum'' <small>Agassiz ex Spix & Agassiz 1829 Basilewsky bo'lmagan 1855</small> (Aravana)

Osteoglossidlar yirtqichlar bo'lib, ko'pincha maxsus sirt oziqlantiruvchilardir. Ular ajoyib jumpers; ''Osteoglossum'' turlarining 6 dan ortiq sakrashi kuzatilgan&nbsp;fut (deyarli 2 m) suv sathidan [[Janubiy Amerika|Janubiy Amerikadagi]] osilgan novdalardan hasharotlar va qushlarni olib tashlash uchun, shuning uchun "suv maymunlari" laqabini oldi. Arowana turlari odatda 2 dan 3 gacha o'sadi&nbsp;ft asirlikda.

Arowanalarni [[uy hayvonlari]] sifatida saqlash qiyin. Ular qimmat, keng akvariumni  talab qiladi, ovqatni tanlaydi va juda ko'p g'amxo'rlikka muhtoj. [https://aboutfishtank.com/asian-arowana-the-dragon-fish-and-a-true-legend/ Arowanalar] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819225215/https://aboutfishtank.com/asian-arowana-the-dragon-fish-and-a-true-legend/ |date=2022-08-19 }}  tajovuzkor xatti-harakatlari va shaxsiyati bilan mashhur.

Osteoglossidlarning bir nechta turlari ota-ona g'amxo'rligini namoyish etadi. Ular uya quradilar va bolalarini tuxumdan chiqqandan keyin himoya qiladilar. Barcha turlar og'iz bo'shlig'ida bolalarini olib yuradi  ota-onalar ba'zan og'izlarida yuzlab tuxumlarni ushlab turadilar. Yoshlar doimiy ravishda ketishdan oldin atrofni o'rganish uchun ota-onasining og'zidan tashqarida bir nechta sayohatlar qilishlari mumkin.

Taxminan olti oyligida ko'paya boshlagan baliqlardan farqli o'laroq, Arowana jinsiy etuklikka erishish uchun  3-4 yil vaqt ketadi.

== Akvariumda ==
Odatda uy hayvonlari sifatida saqlanadigan 10 turdagi arowana mavjud; Osiyodan 4 ta, Janubiy Amerikadan 3 ta, Avstraliyadan 2 ta va Afrikadan 1 ta.

Osiyo arovanasi  yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida turgan tur va Qo'shma Shtatlarda ovlash  taqiqlangan. Bu tur  osiyolik erkaklar orasida boylik belgisidir. Albinos arowana 2009-yilda rekord narxga – 300 000 dollarga sotilgan<ref>{{veb manbasi|url=https://nypost.com/2016/06/05/this-fish-is-worth-300000|sarlavha=This fish is worth $300,000|sana=5-iyun 2016-yil}}</ref> Aksariyat arovanalari  yuqori himoyalangan panjara ortida yetishtiriladi.

Arowanalar yolg'iz baliqdir va faqat yoshligida kompaniyaga ruxsat beradi; kattalar hukmronlik va tajovuzkorlikni ko'rsatishi mumkin. Bu baliq bilan tez-tez sherik bo'lgan ba'zi mos keluvchi turlar: palyaço baliqlari, paku, oskarlar, yaguar cichlidlari, yashil qo'rquvlar, gar, qalay tikanlari, siam yo'lbarslari va arowana og'ziga sig'maydigan boshqa har qanday tajovuzkor baliqlar. Bu baliqlar eng yaxshi jonli yoki muzlatilgan ozuqa bilan saqlanadi va ular 8-10 oy ichida tankdan osongina o'sib chiqadi. Minimal diametri 6 'x 3,5' va 300 gallon bo'lgan akvarium minimal deb tavsiya etiladi, ammo 400-800 gallon bo'lish eng yaxshi yo'ldir.<ref name="EoF">{{kitob manbasi|editor=Paxton, J.R.|last=Greenwood, P.H.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffi00unse|publisher=Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffi00unse/page/81 81]–82|isbn=0-12-547665-5}}</ref> Avstraliyalik turlar akvariumda yolg'iz saqlanadi.<ref>{{veb manbasi|sarlavha=Saratoga|url=http://www.nativefish.asn.au/home/page/Saratoga|nashriyot=Native Fish Australia|kirish sanasi=16-dekabr 2018-yil}}</ref><ref>{{veb manbasi|sarlavha=Gulf Saratoga|url=http://www.nativefish.asn.au/home/page/Gulf-Saratoga|nashriyot=Native Fish Australia|kirish sanasi=16-dekabr 2018-yil}}</ref>

Hisob-kitoblarga ko'ra, 2012-yildan beri Osiyo arovanasi  sektorining umumiy yillik daromadi dunyo  miqyosida  200 million AQSh dollaridan oshgan.

== Etimologiya ==
Bu nom Tupi tilidan ''arua'ná'', ''aruanã'' yoki ''arauanádan keladi''.<ref name="arowana">{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/arowana|sarlavha=merriam-webster.com}}</ref>

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==

* {{veb manbasi|muallif=Lim|ism=Eugene|yil=2006|url=http://aquariumlore.blogspot.com/2006/04/arowana.html|sarlavha=Arowana / Arawana|nashriyot=Aquarium Lore|kirish sanasi=20-aprel 2006-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526085315/http://aquariumlore.blogspot.com/2006/04/arowana.html|arxivsana=26-may 2006-yil}}
* Asian Arowana: The Dragon Fish and a True Legend - [https://aboutfishtank.com/ About Fish Tank] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620081556/https://aboutfishtank.com/ |date=2022-06-20 }}. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
[[Turkum:Biologiya]]