Barack Obama: Versiyalar orasidagi farq
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{{Davlat arbobi bilgiqutisi | |||
| ismi = Barak Obama | |||
| asl ismi = | |||
| tasvir = President Barack Obama.jpg | |||
| uzunlik = | |||
| izoh = Rasmiy portret (2012) | |||
| tartib = 44 | |||
| lavozim = [[AQSh Prezidenti|Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari Prezidenti]] | |||
| ismi ostida = | |||
| boshlanish davri = 20-yanvar 2009-yil | |||
| tugash davri = 20-yanvar 2017-yil | |||
| premyer = | |||
| prezident = | |||
| vitse-prezident = [[Joe Biden|Jo Bayden]] | |||
| oʻtmishdoshi = [[George W. Bush|Jorj U. Bush]] | |||
| vorisi = [[Donald Trump|Donald Tramp]] | |||
| tartib_2 = | |||
| lavozim_2 = [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari]] [[Senat]]ori ([[Illinoys]]dan) | |||
| ismi ostida_2 = | |||
| boshlanish davri_2 = 3-yanvar 2005-yil | |||
| tugash davri_2 = 16-noyabr 2008-yil | |||
| premyer_2 = | |||
| oʻtmishdoshi_2 = [[Peter Fitzgerald|Piter Fitsjerald]] | |||
| vorisi_2 = [[Roland Burris]] | |||
| tartib_3 = | |||
| lavozim_3 = [[Illinoys]] [[Senat]]i aʼzosi (13-okrugdan) | |||
| ismi ostida_3 = | |||
| boshlanish davri_3 = 8-yanvar 1997-yil | |||
| tugash davri_3 = 4-noyabr 2004-yil | |||
| premyer_3 = | |||
| oʻtmishdoshi_3 = [[Alice Palmer|Alis Palmer]] | |||
| vorisi_3 = [[Kwame Raoul]] | |||
| talaffuzi = | |||
| tugʻilgan paytidagi ismi = Barack Hussein Obama II | |||
| tugʻilgan sanasi = {{tugʻilgan sanasi va yoshi|1961|08|4}} | |||
| tugʻilgan joyi = [[Gonolulu]], [[Gavayi]], A.Q.Sh. | |||
| vafot sanasi = | |||
| vafot joyi = | |||
| vafot sababi = | |||
| fuqaroligi = {{AQSh}} | |||
| millati = | |||
| partiya = [[Demokratlar partiyasi|Demokratlar]] | |||
| boshqa partiya = | |||
| boʻyi = | |||
| turmush_oʻrtogʻi = [[Michelle Robinson|Mishel Robinson]] (1992-yildan) | |||
| bolalari = {{flatlist| | |||
* Maliya | |||
* Sasha | |||
}} | |||
| ota-onasi = {{plainlist| | |||
* [[Barak Obama Sr.]] | |||
* [[Ann Dunham|Enn Danxem]] | |||
}} | |||
| nikohsiz jufti = | |||
| munosabatlar = | |||
| qarindoshlari = | |||
| istiqomat joyi = [[Kalorama]], [[Vashington (shtat)|Vashington]] | |||
| taʼlim = Punahou maktabi | |||
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Columbia universiteti|Kolumbiya univerziteti]] (bakalavr)|[[Harvard universiteti|Garvard univerziteti]]}} | |||
| kasbi = {{ubl|Siyosatchi|huquqshunos|muallif}} | |||
| maʼlumoti = | |||
| mukofotlari = | |||
| imzo = Barack Obama signature.svg | |||
| sayt = {{ubl|{{URL|https://barackobama.com|Rasmiy sayti}}|{{URL|https://www.obama.org|Obama Jamgʻarmasi}}|{{URL|obamawhitehouse.archives.gov|Oq uy arxivlari}}}} | |||
}} | |||
'''Barak Husayn Obama II''' ([[Ingliz tili|inglizcha]]: ''Barack Hussein Obama II''; [[4-avgust]] [[1961-yil]]da tugʻilgan) [[amerikalik]] [[siyosatchi]], [[huquq]]shunos va [[yozuvchi]] boʻlib, 2009-yildan 2017-ylga qadar [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari]]ning 44-[[AQSh Prezidenti|Prezidenti]] lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. Bungacha 1997-yildan 2004-yilga qadar [[Illinois|Illinoys]] shtati senatori, 2005-yildan 2008-yilga qadar esa AQSh senatori (Illinoisdan) vazifalarini bajargan. [[Demokratlar partiyasi]] aʼzosi boʻlgan Obama AQShning ilk [[afroamerikalik]] prezidenti boʻlgan<ref name="FirstBlackPrez">{{yangiliklar manbasi |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/us_elections_2008/7709978.stm |title = Obama wins historic US election |work = BBC News |date = 5-noyabr 2008-yil |access-date = 5-noyabr 2008-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218083153/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/us_elections_2008/7709978.stm |archive-date = 18-dekabr 2008-yil |url-status=live }} | |||
* {{yangiliklar manbasi |access-date = 5-noyabr 2008-yil |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/05/us/politics/05elect.html |title = Obama Elected President as Racial Barrier Falls |first = Adam |last = Nagourney |date = 4-noyabr 2008-yil |work = The New York Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209071842/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/05/us/politics/05elect.html |archive-date = 9-dekabr 2008-yil |url-status=live }} | |||
* {{yangiliklar manbasi |access-date = 5-noyabr 2008-yil |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/04/election.president/index.html |title = Obama: 'This is your victory' |publisher = CNN |date = 5-noyabr 2008-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104231227/http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/04/election.president/index.html |archive-date = 4-noyabr 2008-yil |url-status=live }}</ref>. Obamadan keyin AQSh Prezidenti [[Donald Trump|Donald Tramp]] boʻldi. | |||
2009-yil 9-oktyabrida tinchlikparvar siyosati uchun [[Nobel mukofoti]] bilan taqdirlandi<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/ The Nobel Peace Prize 2009]</ref>. | |||
[[AQSh prezidentlik saylovi (2012)|2012-yilgi saylovda]] ham gʻalaba qozondi<ref>[http://kun.uz/2012/11/07/finish1/ AQShda prezidentlik saylovlari yakuniga yetdi] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110082512/http://kun.uz/2012/11/07/finish1/ |date=2012-11-10 }}, ''[[kun.uz]]''</ref>. Shuningdek, Obama uch bestseller kitob muallifi hamdir: ''[[Dreams from My Father]]'' („Otamdan orzular“) (1995), ''The Audacity of Hope'' („Umid jurʼati“) (2006) va ''[[A Promised Land]]'' („Vaʼda qilingan yer“) (2020)<ref>{{veb manbasi|title=Former President Barack Obama's third book starts shipping today|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/shopping/books/barack-obama-book-promised-land-n1246845|access-date=22-sentyabr 2021-yil|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref>. | |||
[[Fayl:Obama family portrait in the Green Room.jpg|thumb|Obama, rafiqasi Mishel va qizlari Sasha va Maliya, 2009-yil.]] | |||
== Dastlabki hayoti va karyerasi == | |||
Obama 1961-yil 4-avgustda<ref name="biography">{{veb manbasi |year = 2008 |title = President Barack Obama |publisher = The White House |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-obama |access-date = 12-dekabr 2008-yil |url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026043047/http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-obama |archive-date=26-oktyabr 2009-yil }}</ref> AQShning [[Gavayi]] shtati [[Gonolulu]] shahridagi Kapiolani Ayollar va Bolalar Tibbiy Markazida dunyoga kelgan<ref name="birth-certificate">{{veb manbasi |date = 27-aprel 2011-yil |title = Certificate of Live Birth: Barack Hussein Obama II, 4-avgust 1961-yil, 7:24 pm, Honolulu |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/birth-certificate-long-form.pdf |access-date = 11-mart 2017-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303062746/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/birth-certificate-long-form.pdf |via = [[NARA|National Archives]] |work = whitehouse.gov |archive-date = 3-mart 2017-yil }}</ref><ref name="maraniss">{{yangiliklar manbasi |author = Maraniss, David |date = 24-avgust 2008-yil |title = Though Obama had to leave to find himself, it is Hawaii that made his rise possible |newspaper = The Washington Post |page = A22 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/23/AR2008082301620.html |access-date = 28-oktyabr 2008-yil }}</ref><ref>{{yangiliklar manbasi |author = Nakaso, Dan |date = 22-dekabr 2008-yil |title = Twin sisters, Obama on parallel paths for years |newspaper = The Honolulu Advertiser |page = B1 |url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2008/Dec/22/ln/hawaii812220320.html |access-date = 22-yanvar 2011-yil }}</ref>. U Gavayida va AQShning 48 ta qitʼada joylashgan shtatlaridan tashqarida tugʻilgan yagona prezidentidir<ref name="BarretoOʻBryant2013">{{kitob manbasi|last1=Barreto|first1=Amílcar Antonio|author2=Richard L. OʻBryant|title=American Identity in the Age of Obama|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VQVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT18|access-date=8-may 2017-yil|date=12-noyabr 2013-yil|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-93715-9|pages=18–19|chapter=Introduction}}</ref>. Uning onasi oq va otasi qora irqqa mansub. Onasi, [[Ann Dunham|Enn Danxem]] (1942-1995) [[Kanzas]]ning Uichita shahrida tugʻilgan boʻlib, asosan ingliz, nemis, irland, shotland va uelslik kelib chiqishga ega boʻlgan<ref>Obama (1995, 2004), p. 12.</ref>. Otasi [[Barack Obama Sr.|Barak Obama Sr.]] (1936-1982)<ref>Maraniss (2012), <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Barack_Obama/Wnna9CLtblAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT65 p. 65]</span>: He had been born inside the euphorbia hedges of the K’obama homestead on 18-iyun 1934-yil.</ref><ref>Liberties (2012), <span class="plainlinks">[https://books.google.com/books?id=8d9NAAAAQBAJ&pg=SL1-PA202 p. 202]</span>: The age of the father is questionable since most of the documents Barack Hussein Obama filled out during his United States student visa was 18-iyun 1934-yil; however, Obama II’s book ''Dreams of My Father'' states his birth date was 18-iyun 1936-yil. Check out Immigration and Naturalization Service records, and those documents also indicate the birth date to be 18-iyun 1934-yil, thereby making Obama Sr. twenty-seven at the birth of Obama II instead of the annotated twenty-five on the birth certificate.</ref> [[Keniya]]ning Luo qabilasiga mansub hamda grant asosida Gavayiga oʻqishga kelgan talaba boʻlgan. Obamaning ota-onasi 1960-yilda Manoadagi Gavayi uiversitetida rus tili darsida uchrashishgan<ref name="Jones 2007">{{yangiliklar manbasi |author = Jones, Tim |date = 27-mart 2007-yil |title = Barack Obama: Mother not just a girl from Kansas; Stanley Ann Dunham shaped a future senator |newspaper = Chicago Tribune |page = 1 (Tempo) |url = http://gbppr.dyndns.org/~gbpprorg/obama/barack.mother.txt |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207112933/http://gbppr.dyndns.org/~gbpprorg/obama/barack.mother.txt |archive-date = 7-fevral 2017-yil |accessdate = 2022-01-30 |archivedate = 2017-02-07 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207112933/http://gbppr.dyndns.org/~gbpprorg/obama/barack.mother.txt }}</ref><ref name="Obama 1995, 2004, s. 9–10">Obama (1995, 2004), s. 9-10. | |||
* Scott (2011), s. 80-86. | |||
* Jacobs (2011), s. 115-118. | |||
* Maraniss (2012), s. 154-160.</ref>. Juftlik 1961-yilning 2-fevralida, Obama tugʻilishidan olti oy avval Vailukuda turmush qurishgan<ref name="Ripley 2008">{{yangiliklar manbasi |author = Ripley, Amanda |date = 9-aprel 2008-yil |title = The story of Barack Obama's mother |magazine = [[Time (jurnal)|Time]] |url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1729685,00.html |access-date = 9-aprel 2007-yil |archive-date = 2013-08-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130828141021/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1729685,00.html |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>Scott (2011), p. 86. | |||
* Jacobs (2011), s. 125-127. | |||
* Maraniss (2012), s. 160-163.</ref>. | |||
1961-yil avgusti oxirlarida, Obama tugʻilganidan bir necha hafta oʻtgach, Barak va uning onasi [[Seattle]] shahridagi Washington universitetiga koʻchib oʻtishib, u yerda bir yil yashashdi. Bu vaqt davomida Barakning otasi 1962-yilning iyunida Gavayida oʻqishini tamomlab, [[iqtisod]] boʻyicha bakalavrlik darajasi oldi. Keyinchalik, [[Harvard universiteti|Garvard universiteti]]ga grant asosida oʻqishga kirib, u yerni tugatdi va iqtisod boʻyicha magistrlik darajasini oldi. Obamaning ota-onasi 1964-yil martida ajrashishdi<ref>Scott (2011), s. 87-93. | |||
* Jacobs (2011), s. 115-118, 125-127, 133-161. | |||
* Maraniss (2012), s. 170-183, 188-189.</ref>. Obama Katta 1964-yilda Keniyaga qaytdi va u yerda uchinchi marta uylandi. U, shuningdek, Keniya moliya vazirligida katta iqtisod tahlilchisi lavozimini bajardi<ref>Obama „Dreams from My Father a Story of Race and Inheritance“</ref>. U oʻgʻli Obamani koʻrish uchun 1971-yil [[Mavlud]] bayramida<ref>Scott (2011), s. 142-144. | |||
* Jacobs (2011), s. 161-177, 227-230. | |||
* Maraniss (2012), s. 190-194, 201-209, 227-230.</ref> faqat bir marotaba Gavayiga tashrif buyurgan. U 1982-yili avtomobil halokati tufayli vafot etdi, bu paytda Obama 21 yoshda edi<ref>{{yangiliklar manbasi |author = Ochieng, Philip |date = 1-noyabr 2004-yil |title = From home squared to the US Senate: how Barack Obama was lost and found |newspaper = [[The EastAfrican]] |location = Nairobi |url = http://www.nationmedia.com/EastAfrican/01112004/Features/PA2-11.html |archive-date = 27-sentyabr 2007-yil |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223905/http://www.nationmedia.com/EastAfrican/01112004/Features/PA2-11.html |accessdate = 2022-01-30 |archivedate = 2007-09-27 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223905/http://www.nationmedia.com/EastAfrican/01112004/Features/PA2-11.html }} | |||
* {{yangiliklar manbasi |author = Merida, Kevin |date = 14-dekabr 2007-yil |title = The ghost of a father |newspaper = The Washington Post |page = A12 |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2007/12/13/ST2007121301893.html |access-date = 25-iyun 2008-yil }} | |||
* Jacobs (2011), s. 251-255. | |||
* Maraniss (2012), s. 411-417.</ref>. Bolalik chogʻlarini yodga olarkan, Obama bu haqda shunday deydi: „Otamning atrofimdagi odamlarga umuman oʻxshamasligini, yaʼni u qop-qora boʻlsa, onam sutdek oqligini bazorgʻa fahmlaganman“<ref name="Obama 1995, 2004, s. 9–10" />. | |||
== Nashr etilgan kitoblari == | |||
* ''[[Dreams from My Father]]'' (1995) | |||
* ''The Audacity of Hope'' (2006) | |||
* ''Of Thee I Sing'' (2010) | |||
* ''[[A Promised Land]]'' (2020) | |||
=== Audiokitoblar === | |||
* 2006: ''The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream'' (Random House Audio) <nowiki>ISBN 978-0739366417</nowiki> | |||
== Manbalar == | |||
{{manbalar}} | |||
== Oʻqish uchun == | |||
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} | |||
* {{yangiliklar manbasi |last = De Zutter |first = Hank |date = 8-dekabr 1995-yil |title = What Makes Obama Run? |url = http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/what-makes-obama-run/Content?oid=889221 |newspaper = Chicago Reader |access-date = 25-aprel 2015-yil |archive-date = 2013-11-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131104012216/http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/what-makes-obama-run/Content?oid=889221 |url-status = dead }} | |||
* {{jurnal manbasi|last=Graff |first=Garrett M. |date=1-noyabr 2006-yil |title=The Legend of Barack Obama |url=http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/mediapolitics/1836.html |magazine=Washingtonian |access-date=14-yanvar 2008-yil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214141924/http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/mediapolitics/1836.html |archive-date=14-fevral 2008-yil }} | |||
* Kenny, Mary. "Obama shaped more by his WASP heritage than the passion of Martin Luther King, " [https://www.independent.ie/opinion/columnists/obama-shaped-more-by-his-wasp-heritage-than-the-passion-of-martin-luther-king-30568999.html ''Independent.ie'' (7-sentyabr 2014-yil)] | |||
* {{kitob manbasi |last = Koltun |first = Dave |editor-last1 = Ahuja |editor-first1 = Sunil |editor-last2 = Dewhirst |editor-first2 = Robert |year = 2005 |title = The Road to Congress 2004 |chapter = The 2004 Illinois Senate Race: Obama Wins Open Seat and Becomes National Political "Star" |location = Hauppauge, New York |publisher = Nova Science Publishers |isbn = 978-1-59454-360-9 }} | |||
* {{jurnal manbasi |last = Lizza |first = Ryan |date = September 2007 |title = Above the Fray |url = https://www.gq.com/news-politics/newsmakers/200708/obama-barack-election-president |magazine = GQ |access-date = 27-oktyabr 2010-yil |arxiv-sana = 2011-05-14 |arxiv-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110514072641/http://www.gq.com/news-politics/newsmakers/200708/obama-barack-election-president |url-status = dead }} | |||
* {{jurnal manbasi |first = Larissa |last = MacFarquhar |date = 7-may 2007-yil |title = The Conciliator: Where is Barack Obama Coming From? |url=https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/07/070507fa_fact_macfarquhar |magazine = The New Yorker |access-date = 14-yanvar 2008-yil |author-link = Larissa MacFarquhar }} | |||
* {{kitob manbasi |last = McClelland |first = Edward |year = 2010 |title = Young Mr. Obama: Chicago and the Making of a Black President |location = New York |publisher = Bloomsbury Press |isbn = 978-1-60819-060-7 |url-access = registration |url=https://archive.org/details/youngmrobamachic0000mccl }} | |||
* Parmar, Inderjeet and Mark Ledwidge. „…'a foundation-hatched black': Obama, the US establishment, and foreign policy.“ ''International Politics'' 54.3 (2017): 373-388 [https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/12563/1/ online] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627230342/https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/12563/1/ |date=2023-06-27 }} | |||
{{Refend}} | |||
== Havolalar == | |||
{{Commons turkum}} | |||
* [http://www.barackobama.com/ Barack Obama sayti] {{ref-en}} | |||
* [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/administration/president-obama Prezident Obama maʼmuriyati], [[Oq Uy]] {{ref-en}} | |||
{{AQShPrezidentlari}} | |||
{{Tinchlik boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari}} | |||
{{Yil kishisi (Time), 2001-2025}} | |||
{{Portal bar|Biografiya|AQSh|Siyosat}} | |||
{{Tashqi havolalar}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Obama, Barack}} | |||
[[Turkum:1961-yilda tugʻilganlar]] | |||
[[Turkum:AQSh prezidentlari]] | |||
[[Turkum:Yashayotgan insonlar]] | |||
[[Turkum:Grammy mukofoti sovrindorlari]] | |||
[[Turkum:Amerikalik yozuvchilar]] | |||
[[Turkum:Amerikalik siyosatchilar]] | |||
[[Turkum:Amerikalik Nobel mukofoti laureatlari]] | |||
[[Turkum:Alifbo boʻyicha siyosatchilar]] | |||
$2, $3 dagi (joriy) koʻrinishi
| Barak Obama | |
|---|---|
 Rasmiy portret (2012) | |
| 44-Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari Prezidenti | |
|
Mansab davri 20-yanvar 2009-yil – 20-yanvar 2017-yil | |
| Vitse-prezident | Jo Bayden |
| Oʻtmishdoshi | Jorj U. Bush |
| Vorisi | Donald Tramp |
| Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari Senatori (Illinoysdan) | |
|
Mansab davri 3-yanvar 2005-yil – 16-noyabr 2008-yil | |
| Oʻtmishdoshi | Piter Fitsjerald |
| Vorisi | Roland Burris |
| Illinoys Senati aʼzosi (13-okrugdan) | |
|
Mansab davri 8-yanvar 1997-yil – 4-noyabr 2004-yil | |
| Oʻtmishdoshi | Alis Palmer |
| Vorisi | Kwame Raoul |
| Shaxsiy maʼlumotlari | |
| Tavalludi |
Barack Hussein Obama II 1961-yil 4-avgust Gonolulu, Gavayi, A.Q.Sh. |
| Fuqaroligi |
 AQSH |
| Siyosiy partiyasi | Demokratlar |
| Turmush oʻrtogʻi | Mishel Robinson (1992-yildan) |
| Bolalari |
|
| Ota-onasi | |
| Istiqomat joy(lar)i | Kalorama, Vashington |
| Taʼlim | Punahou maktabi |
| Alma mater |
|
| Kasbi |
|
| Imzosi |
 |
| Vebsayti | |
Barak Husayn Obama II (inglizcha: Barack Hussein Obama II; 4-avgust 1961-yilda tugʻilgan) amerikalik siyosatchi, huquqshunos va yozuvchi boʻlib, 2009-yildan 2017-ylga qadar Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlarining 44-Prezidenti lavozimida faoliyat yuritgan. Bungacha 1997-yildan 2004-yilga qadar Illinoys shtati senatori, 2005-yildan 2008-yilga qadar esa AQSh senatori (Illinoisdan) vazifalarini bajargan. Demokratlar partiyasi aʼzosi boʻlgan Obama AQShning ilk afroamerikalik prezidenti boʻlgan[1]. Obamadan keyin AQSh Prezidenti Donald Tramp boʻldi.
2009-yil 9-oktyabrida tinchlikparvar siyosati uchun Nobel mukofoti bilan taqdirlandi[2].
2012-yilgi saylovda ham gʻalaba qozondi[3]. Shuningdek, Obama uch bestseller kitob muallifi hamdir: Dreams from My Father („Otamdan orzular“) (1995), The Audacity of Hope („Umid jurʼati“) (2006) va A Promised Land („Vaʼda qilingan yer“) (2020)[4].
Dastlabki hayoti va karyerasi
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Obama 1961-yil 4-avgustda[5] AQShning Gavayi shtati Gonolulu shahridagi Kapiolani Ayollar va Bolalar Tibbiy Markazida dunyoga kelgan[6][7][8]. U Gavayida va AQShning 48 ta qitʼada joylashgan shtatlaridan tashqarida tugʻilgan yagona prezidentidir[9]. Uning onasi oq va otasi qora irqqa mansub. Onasi, Enn Danxem (1942-1995) Kanzasning Uichita shahrida tugʻilgan boʻlib, asosan ingliz, nemis, irland, shotland va uelslik kelib chiqishga ega boʻlgan[10]. Otasi Barak Obama Sr. (1936-1982)[11][12] Keniyaning Luo qabilasiga mansub hamda grant asosida Gavayiga oʻqishga kelgan talaba boʻlgan. Obamaning ota-onasi 1960-yilda Manoadagi Gavayi uiversitetida rus tili darsida uchrashishgan[13][14]. Juftlik 1961-yilning 2-fevralida, Obama tugʻilishidan olti oy avval Vailukuda turmush qurishgan[15][16].
1961-yil avgusti oxirlarida, Obama tugʻilganidan bir necha hafta oʻtgach, Barak va uning onasi Seattle shahridagi Washington universitetiga koʻchib oʻtishib, u yerda bir yil yashashdi. Bu vaqt davomida Barakning otasi 1962-yilning iyunida Gavayida oʻqishini tamomlab, iqtisod boʻyicha bakalavrlik darajasi oldi. Keyinchalik, Garvard universitetiga grant asosida oʻqishga kirib, u yerni tugatdi va iqtisod boʻyicha magistrlik darajasini oldi. Obamaning ota-onasi 1964-yil martida ajrashishdi[17]. Obama Katta 1964-yilda Keniyaga qaytdi va u yerda uchinchi marta uylandi. U, shuningdek, Keniya moliya vazirligida katta iqtisod tahlilchisi lavozimini bajardi[18]. U oʻgʻli Obamani koʻrish uchun 1971-yil Mavlud bayramida[19] faqat bir marotaba Gavayiga tashrif buyurgan. U 1982-yili avtomobil halokati tufayli vafot etdi, bu paytda Obama 21 yoshda edi[20]. Bolalik chogʻlarini yodga olarkan, Obama bu haqda shunday deydi: „Otamning atrofimdagi odamlarga umuman oʻxshamasligini, yaʼni u qop-qora boʻlsa, onam sutdek oqligini bazorgʻa fahmlaganman“[14].
Nashr etilgan kitoblari
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Dreams from My Father (1995)
- The Audacity of Hope (2006)
- Of Thee I Sing (2010)
- A Promised Land (2020)
Audiokitoblar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- 2006: The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream (Random House Audio) ISBN 978-0739366417
Manbalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ „Obama wins historic US election“. BBC News (5-noyabr 2008-yil). 18-dekabr 2008-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 5-noyabr 2008-yil.
- Nagourney, Adam. „Obama Elected President as Racial Barrier Falls“. The New York Times (4-noyabr 2008-yil). 9-dekabr 2008-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 5-noyabr 2008-yil.
- „Obama: 'This is your victory'“. CNN (5-noyabr 2008-yil). 4-noyabr 2008-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 5-noyabr 2008-yil.
- ↑ The Nobel Peace Prize 2009
- ↑ AQShda prezidentlik saylovlari yakuniga yetdi (Wayback Machine saytida 2012-11-10 sanasida arxivlangan), kun.uz
- ↑ „Former President Barack Obama's third book starts shipping today“ (en). NBC News. Qaraldi: 22-sentyabr 2021-yil.
- ↑ „President Barack Obama“. The White House (2008). 26-oktyabr 2009-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 12-dekabr 2008-yil.
- ↑ „Certificate of Live Birth: Barack Hussein Obama II, 4-avgust 1961-yil, 7:24 pm, Honolulu“. whitehouse.gov (27-aprel 2011-yil). 3-mart 2017-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 11-mart 2017-yil.
- ↑ Maraniss, David.. „Though Obama had to leave to find himself, it is Hawaii that made his rise possible“ (24-avgust 2008-yil), s. A22. Qaraldi: 28-oktyabr 2008-yil.
- ↑ Nakaso, Dan.. „Twin sisters, Obama on parallel paths for years“ (22-dekabr 2008-yil), s. B1. Qaraldi: 22-yanvar 2011-yil.
- ↑ Barreto, Amílcar Antonio; Richard L. OʻBryant „Introduction“, . American Identity in the Age of Obama. Taylor & Francis, 12-noyabr 2013-yil — 18–19-bet. ISBN 978-1-317-93715-9.
- ↑ Obama (1995, 2004), p. 12.
- ↑ Maraniss (2012), p. 65: He had been born inside the euphorbia hedges of the K’obama homestead on 18-iyun 1934-yil.
- ↑ Liberties (2012), p. 202: The age of the father is questionable since most of the documents Barack Hussein Obama filled out during his United States student visa was 18-iyun 1934-yil; however, Obama II’s book Dreams of My Father states his birth date was 18-iyun 1936-yil. Check out Immigration and Naturalization Service records, and those documents also indicate the birth date to be 18-iyun 1934-yil, thereby making Obama Sr. twenty-seven at the birth of Obama II instead of the annotated twenty-five on the birth certificate.
- ↑ Jones, Tim.. „Barack Obama: Mother not just a girl from Kansas; Stanley Ann Dunham shaped a future senator“ (27-mart 2007-yil), s. 1 (Tempo). 2017-yil 7-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 30-yanvar.
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 Obama (1995, 2004), s. 9-10.
- Scott (2011), s. 80-86.
- Jacobs (2011), s. 115-118.
- Maraniss (2012), s. 154-160.
- ↑ Ripley, Amanda.. „The story of Barack Obama's mother“ (9-aprel 2008-yil). 2013-yil 28-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 9-aprel 2007-yil.
- ↑ Scott (2011), p. 86.
- Jacobs (2011), s. 125-127.
- Maraniss (2012), s. 160-163.
- ↑ Scott (2011), s. 87-93.
- Jacobs (2011), s. 115-118, 125-127, 133-161.
- Maraniss (2012), s. 170-183, 188-189.
- ↑ Obama „Dreams from My Father a Story of Race and Inheritance“
- ↑ Scott (2011), s. 142-144.
- Jacobs (2011), s. 161-177, 227-230.
- Maraniss (2012), s. 190-194, 201-209, 227-230.
- ↑ Ochieng, Philip.. „From home squared to the US Senate: how Barack Obama was lost and found“ (1-noyabr 2004-yil). 2007-yil 27-sentyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 30-yanvar.
- Merida, Kevin.. „The ghost of a father“ (14-dekabr 2007-yil), s. A12. Qaraldi: 25-iyun 2008-yil.
- Jacobs (2011), s. 251-255.
- Maraniss (2012), s. 411-417.
Oʻqish uchun
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- De Zutter, Hank. „What Makes Obama Run?“ (8-dekabr 1995-yil). 2013-yil 4-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 25-aprel 2015-yil.
- Graff, Garrett M. (1-noyabr 2006-yil). „The Legend of Barack Obama“. Washingtonian. 14-fevral 2008-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlandi. Qaraldi: 14-yanvar 2008-yil.
{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format () - Kenny, Mary. "Obama shaped more by his WASP heritage than the passion of Martin Luther King, " Independent.ie (7-sentyabr 2014-yil)
- Koltun, Dave „The 2004 Illinois Senate Race: Obama Wins Open Seat and Becomes National Political "Star"“, . The Road to Congress 2004. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2005. ISBN 978-1-59454-360-9.
- Lizza, Ryan (September 2007). „Above the Fray“. GQ. 2011-05-14da asl nusxadan arxivlandi. Qaraldi: 27-oktyabr 2010-yil.
{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format () - MacFarquhar, Larissa (7-may 2007-yil). „The Conciliator: Where is Barack Obama Coming From?“. The New Yorker. Qaraldi: 14-yanvar 2008-yil.
{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format () - McClelland, Edward. Young Mr. Obama: Chicago and the Making of a Black President. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2010. ISBN 978-1-60819-060-7.
- Parmar, Inderjeet and Mark Ledwidge. „…'a foundation-hatched black': Obama, the US establishment, and foreign policy.“ International Politics 54.3 (2017): 373-388 online (Wayback Machine saytida 2023-06-27 sanasida arxivlangan)
Havolalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash] |
Vikiomborda „Barack Obama“ mavzusi boʻyicha mediafayllar bor. |
- Barack Obama sayti (ingl.)
- Prezident Obama maʼmuriyati, Oq Uy (ingl.)
