Beer in Wales sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

== Tarixi ==
Hech bo'lmaganda 6-asrning boshida Druidlarning afsonaviy shaxsi Ceridven Taliesinning ko'plab she'rlarida, xususan, ''Hanes Taliesinning'' o'tlardagi [[Kotyol|qozonlari]] va mast qiluvchi donlar haqida yozilgan. ''Gvin a Bragawdning'' ushbu tayyorgarligi "ilm, ilhom va o'lmaslikni" olib kelgani aytiladi.<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|title=The Mythology and Rites of the British Druids, Ascertained by National Documents|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924029164824|last=Edward Davies|year=1809|publisher=J. Booth|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924029164824/page/n238 217]–220}}</ref>

Welsh Triads pivo donlari [[arpa]] va [[Bugʻdoy|bug'doyning]] joriy etilishini Coll bilan bog'laydi va Pembrokeshiredagi Llonionni eng yaxshi arpa manbai sifatida aytdi, Gventdagi Maes Gwenith esa eng yaxshi bug'doy va arpa maxsulotlari aralashmasidan yangi pivo ishlab chiqaradi.<ref>[[Red Book of Hergest]] '''56''', Peniarth MS 54 '''23'''</ref>

852-yilga mo'ljallangan ''Anglo-Sakson yilnomasida'' "yaxshi ale" va uels ale o'rtasidagi farq qayd etilgan, u ''bragawd'' deb ham ataladi.<ref>"that Wulfred should give the land of Sleaford to Meohamsted, and should send each year into the monastery sixty loads of wood, twelve loads of coal, six loads of peat, two tuns full of fine ale, two neats' carcases, six hundred loaves, and ten kilderkins of Welsh ale; one horse also each year, and thirty shillings, and one night's entertainment."</ref> Braggot deb ham ataladigan Bragawd bir oz mead va bugungi kunda biz ale deb o'ylaydigan narsalar o'rtasida raqobat kuchli. Sakson davridagi uels alesi doljin, [[zanjabil]] va chinnigullar, shuningdek, o'tlar va [[asal]] kabi ziravorlar bilan tayyorlangan kuchli ichimlik edi. Bragaud ko'pincha [[Monastirlar|monastirlarda]] tayyorlanar edi, Tintern Abbey va Karmarten Friary bilan [[Henry VIII|Genrix VIII]] 1536 -yilda monasterlarni tarqatib yuborgunga qadar ichimlik ishlab chiqargan.<ref name="brains">{{Kitob manbasi|last=Brian Glover|title=Brains: 125 Years|url=https://archive.org/details/brains125years0000glov|publisher=The Breedon Books Publishing Company Limited|year=2007|isbn=978-1-85983-606-4}}</ref>

Hywel Dda qonunlarida, shu bilan birga, ''bragawd'' va ''cwrwf'' o'rtasida farq bor, ''bragawd'' ikki barobar qimmatroq. ''Bragawd'' bu kontekstda asal, shirin zaytun va zanjabil qo'shilgan ''cwrwf'' asosidagi fermentlangan ichimlikdir .

Uels pivosi 1854-yildayoq o'ziga xos uslub sifatida qayd etilgan bo'lib, retsepti o'sha davrning retseptlar kitobida tasvirlangan faqat rang-barang bo'yoqlar va tayyorlangan .<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|title=A Cyclopaedia of Six Thousand Practical Receipts, and Collateral Information|url=https://archive.org/details/acyclopaediasix00coolgoog|last=Arnold James Cooley|year=1854|pages=[https://archive.org/details/acyclopaediasix00coolgoog/page/n49 44]–45|publisher=New York, D. Appleton & Co.}}</ref>

Uels, Britaniyaning qolgan qismi bilan bir qatorda, alkogolga nisbatan Presviterian va boshqa non-konformistik e'tiqodlarga asoslangan rivojlanayotgan Uels axloq kodeksi bilan birga, mo<nowiki>''</nowiki>tadillik harakati ta'siri ostida qoldi. Bu janubiy Uels va shimoli-sharqda [[ko'mir qazib olish]] kabi tarixan og'ir sanoat ko'p bo'lgan joylar fonida ta'minlangan.  Bu ba'zi odamlar barcha Uels pivolari juda zaif bo'lgan. Biroq, butun [[Birlashgan Qirollik|Britaniyadagi]] pivolarda bo'lgani kabi, alkogol foizlari ham kam bo'ladi.

Wrexham Buyuk Britaniyada pivo tayyorlash uchun birinchi o'rinlardan biri edi.<ref>[http://www.wrexham.gov.uk/english/heritage/brewery_tour/index.htm Brewers & Boozers Tour] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916223146/http://www.wrexham.gov.uk/english/heritage/brewery_tour/index.htm |date=2016-09-16 }} on [[Wrexham County Borough Council|Wrexham County Borough Council's]] website</ref> Saksoniyalik nemis muhojir birodarlar uyini sog'ingan holda 1882-yilda bu jarayonni boshlashdi. Uning yo'q bo'lib ketishi 2000-yilda, Wrexham Lager sayti sotilgan va keyinchalik buzib tashlanganida sodir bo'ldi.

Uels taraqqiyot agentligi investitsiyalari so'nggi yillarda Uelsda ko'plab pivo zavodlarini tashkil etishga yordam berdi.<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/business/business-news/carreg-brew-heading-wales-2412751|sarlavha=Carreg brew is heading for Wales|ism=Sion|muallif=Barry|sana=18 December 2004|ish=[[Western Mail (Wales)|Western Mail]]}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.insidermedia.com/publications/wales-business-insider/wales-business-insider-december-2005/cover|sarlavha=Much Cheer For Welsh Beer|ish=Wales Business Insider November - December 2005|nashriyot=Insider Media Ltd}}</ref>

1930-yillarda Felinfoel pivo zavodi Buyuk Britaniyada pivoni bankalarda ishlab chiqaradigan va sotgan birinchi pivo zavodi edi.<ref name="Prior">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Prior |first=Neil |date=12 July 2015 |title=Llanelli's Felinfoel brewery pioneered beer in cans |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-33484225 |access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref>

Uelsdagi eng yirik pivo ishlab chiqaruvchi va qadoqlovchi bu Magordagi Budweiser Brewing Group (BBG) pivo zavodidir. Pivo zavodi 1979-yilda Whitbread pivo ishlab chiqarish guruhi tomonidan qurilgan va hozirda dunyodagi eng yirik pivo ishlab chiqaruvchi AB-InBev tarkibiga kiruvchi Budweiser Brewing Group tomonidan boshqariladi. Pivo zavodi Buyuk Britaniyadagi eng yirik zavodlardan biri bo'lib, har yili 5 million gektardan ortiq miqdorda pivo ishlab chiqaradi.<ref name="Beacon">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=2015-09-01 |title=35 years in Magor |work=Monmouthshire Beacon |publisher=Monmouthshire Beacon |url=http://www.monmouthshirebeacon.co.uk/article.cfm?id=1118&headline=A%20toast%20to%2035%20successful%20years%20at%20Magor%20Brewery&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2014}}</ref>

2012yilda CAMRA Uelsdagi mikropivo zavodlari soni ortib borishini bashorat qildi, chunki pab sanoati doimiy yopilish bilan shug'ullanadi.<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=2012-09-13 |title=Microbreweries 'the way forward' after 11 open in year |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-19583116}}</ref>

Tiny Rebel pivo zavodi Cwtch Welsh Red Ale uchun CAMRA kompaniyasining 2015 -yilda Buyuk Britaniyaning Oliy chempioni pivosini qo'lga kiritdi.<ref name="CBB">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.camra.org.uk/en_US/champion-beer-of-britain|sarlavha=Champion Beer of Britain|qaralgan sana=2022-10-22|arxivsana=2018-03-30|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330222114/http://www.camra.org.uk/en_US/champion-beer-of-britain}}</ref>