Choʻkindi togʻ jinslari sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[Fayl:Triassic Utah.JPG|thumb|upright=1.8|Virgin formatsiyasi, janubi-gʻarbiy [[Yuta]], AQSh.]]

'''Choʻkindi togʻ jinslari''' — moddaning [[suv]]da choʻkishi yoki havodan tushishidan hamda quruqlik yuzasi, dengiz okean havzalaridagi muzlar faoliyati natijasida hosil boʻladigan [[togʻ jinslari]]. Choʻkish mexanik (ogʻirlik kuchi taʼsiri va muhit dinamikasining oʻzgarishidan), kimyoviy (suvli eritmaning toʻyinish konsentratsiyasiga yetishidan va almashinuv reaksiyalari natijasida) hamda biogen yoʻl bilan (organizmlar hayot faoliyati bilan bogʻliq) sodir boʻladi. Choʻkindi togʻ jinslari choʻkish xarakteriga koʻra, chaqiq, kimyoviy va biogen jinslarga boʻlinadi. Choʻkindi togʻ jinslarini hosil qiladigan asosiy manbalar: [[Yer poʻsti]]ni tashkil qilgan magmatik, metamorfik va qad. choʻkindi jinslar; tabiiy suvlarda erigan komponentlar; atmosfera gazlari; organizmlarning hayot faoliyati jarayonida hosil boʻladigan mahsulotlar; vulkanogen materiallardan iborat. Hozirgi zamon okean choʻkindilari va qad. choʻkindi jinslarda kosmik material va organik qoldiqlar ham uchraydi. Baʼzi Choʻkindi togʻ jinslari ([[Ohaktoshlar|ohaktosh]], koʻmir, diatomit va boshqalar) butkul organik qoldiqlardan tarkib topgan. Zarra (donalar)ning oʻlchami, ularning shakli va oʻzaro birikmalari Choʻkindi togʻ jinslari struktururasini belgilaydi (qarang: [[Togʻ jinslari tuzilishi]]). Choʻkindi togʻ jinslari shakli va hajmi turlicha boʻlgan qatlam, linza va boshqa shakllardagi geologik jismlar hosil kilib, Yer poʻstida normal gorizontal, qiya yoki murakkab burmalar tarzida yotadi. Ushbu jismlarning ichki tuzilishi (donalar zarralarning oʻzaro joylashuvi va yoʻnalishi bilan bogʻliq) va boʻshliqni qay yoʻsinda toʻldirishi ''Choʻkindi togʻ jinslari tekisturasi'' deyiladi. Choʻkindi togʻ jinslari quyidagicha hosil boʻladi: tub togʻ jinslarining yemirilishidan paydo boʻlgan dastlabki mahsulot suv, shamol, muzliklar bilan koʻchib, quruqlik yuzasi va suv havzalariga choʻkadi. Natijada turli xil komponentlardan tuzilgan boʻsh va gʻovak, suvga toʻyingan choʻkindi hosil boʻladi. Bu choʻkindi murakkab va xilma-xil fizik-kimyoviy (qisman biologik) sistemadan iborat boʻlib, vaqt oʻtishi bilan asta-sekin choʻkindi jinsga aylanadi (qarang [[Litogenez]]). Choʻkindi togʻ jinslarining tasnifi ularning tarkibi va genezisiga koʻra 10 dan ortiq guruhga ajratiladi: chaqiq jinslar, gillar, glaukonitli, glinozyomli, temirli, marganetsli, fosfatli, kremniyli, [[karbonatli jinslar]], tuzlar, kaustobiolitlar va boshqa Asosiy guruhlardan tashqari aralash tarkibli jinslar ham bor. Choʻkindi togʻ jinslari kimyoviy tarkibiga koʻra magmatik jinslardan farqlanadi: jins hosil qiluvchi komponentlar tarkibi turlicha boʻladi; tarkibida suv, karbonat kislota, organik [[uglerod]], [[kalsiy]], oltingugurt, galoidlar koʻp boʻladi; temir oksidi bilan temir (II) oksidi nisbati katta. Choʻkindi togʻ jinslari dan gil (gil, argillit, gilli slanetslar — 50 % ga yaqin), [[qumtosh]] (qum va qumtoshlar) va karbonatli jinslar (ohaktoshlar, dolomitlar 45 % cha) keng tarqalgan. Yer yuzasida Choʻkindi togʻ jinslarining hosil boʻlishi va joylashuvi iqlim va tektonik sharoitlar bilan aniqlanadi. Geosinklinallarda Choʻkindi togʻ jinslarining katta qatlamlari yigʻiladi, platformalarda esa, aksincha ularning qalinligi kam boʻladi. choʻkindi togʻ jinslari Yer poʻsti massasining 10 % ni tashkil qilib, Yer yuzasining 75 % ni qoplaydi. Quruqlikdagi Choʻkindi togʻ jinslarining 75 % geosinklinal oblastlarda boʻlib, 25 % platformalarga toʻgʻri keladi. Yer qaʼridan olinadigan jami foydali qazilmalar (koʻmir, neft, tuzlar, temir, marganets va alyuminiy rudalari, oltin va platina sochmalari, olmos, fosforitlar, qurilish materiallari va boshqalar)ning 75 % choʻkindi togʻ jinslariga toʻgʻri keladi.

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{{Refend}}

== Havolalar ==
{{commons turkum|Sedimentary rocks}}
* [http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/fichter/SedRx/sedclass.html Choʻkindi togʻ jinslarining asosiy tasnifi] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723075119/http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/fichter/SedRx/sedclass.html |date=2011-07-23 }} — Lynn S. Fichter, James Madison universiteti, Harrisonburg. VI. {{ref-en}}

== Manbalar ==
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[[Turkum:Petrologiya]]
[[Turkum:Geologiya]]