Dilbat sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Bilgiquti qadimiy manzilgoh
|name           = 
|alternate_name = 
|image          =
|alt            = 
|caption        = 
|map_type       = Iroq
|map_alt        = 
|relief         = yes
|coordinates    = {{coord|32|17|44|N|44|27|58|E|type:city|display=title}}
|map_size       = 200
|location       = Iroq
|type           = aholi manzilgohi 
|excavations    = 1890-yillar, 1989
|archaeologists = Hormuzd Rassam, J. A. Armstrong
|condition      = Buzilgan
|ownership      = Jamoaviy
|public_access  = Yes
}}

'''Dilbat''' (zamonaviy '''Tell ed-Duleym''' yoki '''Tell al-Deylam''', [[Iroq]]) — [[Bobil]]dan janubi-sharqda, Gʻarbiy [[Furot daryosi]]ning sharqiy qirgʻogʻida, hozirgi [[Iroq]]ning [[Al-Qādisiyya muhofazoti|Al-Qadisiya]] shahrida joylashgan qadimgi [[shumer]] [[tepa|minora]]si (tepalik shahri). U qadimiy [[Borsippa]] shahridan 15 km janubda joylashgan. Yer maʼbudasi [[Urash]]dan ajralib chiqqan kichik mahalliy xudo Urashga bagʻishlangan [[É (maʼbad)|E]]-ibe-Anu [[zikkurat]]i shahar markazida joylashgan boʻlib, bu joy  [[Gilgamish dostoni]]da tilga olingan<ref>[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18897] Stephen  Langdon, The Epic of Gilgamish. A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform, 1919</ref>.

== Tarixi ==
Dilbat [[Shumer tarixi|ilk Shumer sulolasi II]] davrida, miloddan avvalgi 2700-yillarda tashkil etilgan. Hudud kamida [[Akkad]], Qadimgi Bobil, [[Kassitlar|Kassit]], [[Sosoniylar]] va Ilk Islom davrlarida ishgʻol qilingani maʼlum. Mazkur hudud [[bir boshoqli bugʻdoy]] yetishtiruvchi va qamish mahsulotlari ishlab chiqaradigan ilk qishloq xoʻjaligi markazi edi<ref>A. Goddeeris, Economy and Society in Northern Babylonia, Peeters , 2002, {{ISBN|90-429-1123-9}}</ref>. U Arah6tum kanali boʻyida joylashgan.

== Arxeologiyasi ==
Tell al-Deylam oʻrni ikki tepalikdan iborat boʻlib, miloddan avvalgi 1-ming yillik va ilk islom davri qoldiqlari boʻlgan kichik gʻarbiy tepalik va aylanasi taxminan 500 metr boʻlgan, miloddan avvalgi 1-3-ming yillikka oid qoldiqlar boʻlgan kattaroq sharqiy tepalikdan iborat. Dilbatda [[Hormuzd Rassam]] tomonidan kichik qazishma amalga oshirilib, asosan Yangi Bobil davriga oid mixxat yozuvli lavhalar topilgan<ref>Hormuzd Rassam and Robert William Rogers, Asshur and the land of Nimrod, Curts & Jennings, 1897</ref>. Hududda 1989-yilda [[Chikago Sharq instituti]] xodimi J. A. Armstrong faoliyat yuritgan<ref>[https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15763308&increment=27]Armstrong, J.A., "Surface Survey at Tell al-Deylam", Sumer 47, pp. 28-29, 1995</ref><ref>J. A. Armstrong, Dilbat revisited: the Tell al-Deylam project, Mar Sipri, vol. 3, no. 1, pp, 1-4, 1990</ref><ref>James A. Armstrong, West of Edin: Tell al-Deylam and the Babylonian City of Dilbat, The Biblical Archaeologist, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 219-226, 1992</ref>. Dilbatning oʻzida arxeologlar ozgina qazishma oʻtkazgan boʻlsa-da, u yerdagi koʻplab boyliklar ruxsatsiz qazish natijasida yillar davomida qadimiy buyumlar bozorida sotilib kelgan.

[[Bobil universiteti]]ning arxeologiya kafedrasi qazishmalarni qayta boshladi. Ishlar 2017-yilda boshlanib, kamida 2020-yil oxiriga qadar davom etgan. Kassitlar davriga oid shahar xudosining ibodatxonasi topilgan. Yozuvlar shohlardan biri Kurigalzuga tegishli boʻlib chiqqan<ref> Haider Oraibi Almamori and Alexa Bartelmus, "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Uraš Temple “E-Ibbi-Anum” at Tell al-Deylam", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol.  111, iss. 2, 2021</ref><ref>Omran, M., H. A. Oraibi [Almamori]/K. J. Salman (2019): natā’iǧ tanqībāt Tall ad-Daylam (Dilbāt). al-mausim al-avval 2017 [= Results of the excavations at Tell at-Deylam (Dilbat). First season 2017], Sumer 65, 3–34 (Arabic section)</ref>.

== Himoyachi xudo ==
{{Asosiy|Urash (xudo)}}
[[File:Stone tablet, land purchase, from Dilbat, Iraq. 2400-2200 BCE. British Museum.jpg|thumb|Dilbatdan topilgan yer sotib olish hujjati boʻlgan tosh taxtacha. Mil.avv.  2400 —2200-yillar. Hormuzd Rassam qazishmasida topilgan. Britaniya muzeyi]]

Dilbatda, boshqa Mesopotamiya aholi manzilgohlari singari, [[Anu]] bilan bogʻliq boʻlgan mashhur maʼbuda [[Urash]]dan ajralib chiqqan erkak xudo Urash kabi oʻziga xos vasiy xudo bor edi<ref>M. Krebernik, ''Uraš A'' [in:] ''[http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie]'' vol. 14, 2014, p. 404; note that in the electronic edition authors of the entry on the two deities named Uraš and geographical location in Asia Minor are accidentally swapped</ref>. U [[Ninurta]] kabi dehqonlar va jangchilar xudosi sifatida qabul qilingan<ref>Ch. Lilyquist, ''[https://www.academia.edu/7661517/_The_Dilbat_Hoard_ The Dilbat Hoard]'', ''Metropolitan Museum Journal'' 29, 1994, p. 6; note there's a typo in the article, "Ningal" is mentioned instead of "Ninegal"</ref>. 

Urash [[Inanna]] bilan bogʻliq sevgi maʼbudasi [[Nanaya]]ning otasi<ref>O. Drewnowska-Rymarz, ''Mesopotamian Goddess Nanajā'', 2008, p. 139</ref>, shuningdek, Mesopotamiyaga qaraganda koʻproq [[Suza]] shahrida [[Inshushinak]]ning moreso xizmatchisi sifatida sigʻiniladigan kichik yer osti xudosi [[Lagamal]]ning ham otasi hisoblangan<ref>K. van der Torn, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=thIxCmwfNoMC&dq=Lagamal&pg=PA368 Migration and the Spread of Local Cults]'' [in:]  A. Schoors, K. Van Lerberghe (eds.), ''Immigration and Emigration Within the Ancient Near East: Festschrift E. Lipinski'', 1995, p. 368</ref><ref>W. G. Lambert, ''Lāgamāl'' [in] ''Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie'' vol 6, 1983, p. 418-419</ref>. Urash, shuningdek, [[Ninegal]]ning („saroy xonimi“) eri boʻlib, ular qoʻshma maʼbadga egalik qilgan<ref>G. De Clercq, ''[https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/opus4-wuerzburg/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/1749/file/ninegal_pub07_lebens.pdf Die Göttin Ninegal/Bēlet-ekallim nach den altorientalischen Quellen des 3. und 2. Jt. v. Chr. mit einer Zusammenfassung der hethitischen Belegstellen sowie der des 1.Jt. v. Chr.] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228101930/https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/opus4-wuerzburg/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/1749/file/ninegal_pub07_lebens.pdf |date=2023-12-28 }}'' (dissertation), 2004, p. 17, footnote 80: "Ninegal und Uraš, der Stadtgott von Dilbat, formen hier ein Paar. Siehe Unger, RlA 2 ("Dilbat") 222 über den Tempel  der  Ninegal  in  Dilbat  und  ihre  Verehrung  als  Gemahlin  des  Uraš.  Über  die  doppelte  Gestalt  der  Gottheit  Uraš  schreibt  auch  Kienast,  in:  Fs  van  Dijk  (1985)  112f.:  Er  ist  als  männlicher  Gott  bekannt,  als  Stadtgott  von  Dilbat  und  allgemein  in  Nordbabylonien;  andererseits  kann  die  Gottheit  weiblich  sein  ("die  Erde") und mit An verbunden werden."</ref>. Ushbu maʼbadda [Aššur-etil-ilāni]]ni buyrugʻi bilan amalga oshirilgan taʼmirlash haqidagi maʼlumotlar Ossuriya manbalari bilan tasdiqlangan<ref>S. W. Holloway, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XiJDf4J3j50C&dq=dilbat+ninegal&pg=PA254 Aššur is King! Aššur is King!: Religion in the Exercise of Power in the Neo-Assyrian Empire]'', 2002, p. 254</ref>.

== Yana qarang ==
* [[Qadimiy Yaqin Sharq shaharlari]]
* [[Tepa]]

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

== Qoʻshimcha oʻqish uchun ==

* [http://www.metmuseum.org/publications/journals/1/pdf/1512957.pdf.bannered.pdf] Christine Lilyquist, The Dilbat Hoard, Metropolitan Museum Journal, vol. 29, pp.&nbsp;5–36, 1994
* S. G. Koshurnikov and N. Yoffee, Old Babylonian Tablets from Dilbat in the Ashmolean Museum, Iraq, vol. 48, pp.&nbsp;117–130, 1986
* Matthew W. Stolper, Late Achaemenid Texts from Dilbat, Iraq, vol. 54, pp.&nbsp;119–139, 1992
*Joseph Etienne Gautier, Archives d'une famille de Dilbat au temps de la premiere dynastie de Babylone, Le Caire, 1908
*SG Koshurnikov,A Family Archive from Old Babylonian Dilbat, Vestnik Drevnii Istorii, vol. 168, pp.&nbsp;123ff, 1984

== Havolalar ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011194205/http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wolf0126/lm.html#dilbat Sumer Map with Dilbat labeled as T. ed Duleim]

[[Turkum:Al-Qadisiyya muhofazoti]]
[[Turkum:Shumer shaharlari]]
[[Turkum:Iroqdagi arxeologik obidalar]]
[[Turkum:Iroqdagi sobiq aholi manzilgohlari]]

{{Iroq-geo-stub}}