Ekottara Agama sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

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'''''Ekottara Āgama''''' ([[Sanskrit]]: 增壹阿含經; zēngyī-ahánjīng) – bu [[Ilk Buddaviy matnlar|ilk hind buddaviy matni]] boʻlib, hozirda faqat xitoy tilidagi tarjimasi mavjud ([[Taisho Tripitaka|Taishō Tripiṭaka]] 125). ''Ekottara Āgama'' nomi soʻzma-soʻz „Raqamlangan nutqlar“ degan maʼnoni anglatadi, bu esa uning tashkil etilish tamoyilini bildiradi<ref name="sujatoea">{{cite web|last=Sujato|first=Bhikkhu|authorlink=Bhante Sujato|url=[http://ekottara.googlepages.com/about|title=EA](http://ekottara.googlepages.com/about|title=EA) haqida|website=ekottara.googlepages.com|access-date=2010-09-23|archive-date=2007-07-03|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070703171909/http://ekottara.googlepages.com/about|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070703171909/http://ekottara.googlepages.com/about|url-status=dead}})</ref>. U [[Xitoy buddaviy kanoni]]da joylashgan [[Sutta Pitaka|Sūtra Piṭaka]]ning toʻrt [[Āgama (Buddizm)|Āgama]]laridan biridir.

== Kelib chiqishi va tarixi ==
Tadqiqotchi Tse Fu Kuanning taʼkidlashicha, 385-yilda Zhu Fonian (竺佛念) Tukhāralik rohib Dharmanandin (曇摩難提) tomonidan oʻqib eshittirilgan Ekottarika-āgamaning xitoycha tarjimasini yakunlagan. Bu birinchi tarjima 41 jilddan iborat boʻlib, keyinchalik Zhu Fonian uni kengaytirib, hozirgacha yetib kelgan 51 jildli Ekottarika-āgama shakliga keltirgan. U tarjimaga yangi materiallar qoʻshgan yoki baʼzi joylarini almashtirgan boʻlishi mumkin<ref>Tse-fu Kuan 關則富, '\[[https://www.academia.edu/45103870/Moggall%C4%81nas\_Journey\_to\_Another\_Buddha\_field\_How\_a\_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na\_Narrative\_Crept\_into\_the\_Ekottarika\_%C4%80gama\_T\_125\_](https://www.academia.edu/45103870/Moggall%C4%81nas_Journey_to_Another_Buddha_field_How_a_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na_Narrative_Crept_into_the_Ekottarika_%C4%80gama_T_125_) Mahāyāna Elements and Mahāsāṃghika Traces in the Ekottarika-āgama]', Religions of South Asia 13.1 (2019) 24–50 [https://doi.org/10.1558/rosa.19247](https://doi.org/10.1558/rosa.19247)</ref>.

[[Yin Shun]], Zhihua Yao va Tse Fu Kuan kabi olimlar Ekottara Āgama asarini [[Mahāsāṃghika]] maktabiga mansub deb hisoblaydilar<ref name=":1">Zhihua Yao (2012) ''The Buddhist Theory of Self-Cognition,'' 8–10-betlar. Routledge.</ref><ref>Tse-fu Kuan. (2013). Legends and Transcendence: Sectarian Affiliations of the Ekottarika Āgama in Chinese Translation. ''Journal of the American Oriental Society,'' ''133''(4), 607–634. doi:10.7817/jameroriesoci.133.4.0607</ref><ref>Yin Shun (1971). ''The Formation of Early Buddhist Texts'' [原始佛教聖典之集成], 755–787-betlar.</ref>.

[[A. K. Warder|A. K. Warder]]ga koʻra, Ekottara Āgama asarida 250 ta rohiblar uchun moʻljallangan [[Pratimoksa|Prātimokṣa]] qoidalari tilga olingan boʻlib, bu faqat [[Dharmaguptaka]] Vinaya bilan mos keladi. Bu Vinaya ham xitoy buddaviy kanonida mavjud. Warder shuningdek, baʼzi gʻoyalar Mahāsāṃghika taʼlimotlariga zid kelishini, lekin Dharmaguptaka qarashlari bilan mos ekanini aytadi. Shu bois u hozirgacha saqlanib qolgan Ekottara Āgama Dharmaguptaka maktabiga tegishli degan xulosaga kelgan<ref>Warder, A. K. ''Indian Buddhism.'' 2000. 6-bet</ref>.

[[Étienne Lamotte]] fikricha, Ekottara Āgama shimoli-gʻarbiy Hindistondan kelgan qoʻlyozmadan tarjima qilingan va [[Mahayana|Mahāyāna]] maktabining kuchli taʼsiri mavjud. Bu 5-asr Dharmaguptaka rohibi Buddhayaśas tomonidan aytilgan fikr bilan mos keladi. U Dharmaguptaka Vinaya va Dīrgha Āgama tarjimonidir va Dharmaguptakalar Mahāyāna Tripiṭakani oʻzlashtirgan deb yozgan<ref>Walser, Joseph. ''Nāgārjuna in Context: Mahāyāna Buddhism and Early Indian Culture.'' 2005. 52–53-betlar</ref>. [[Sheng Yen]]ning taʼkidlashicha, Ekottara Āgama tarkibida oltita [[Pāramitā]] haqidagi taʼlimotlar mavjud boʻlib, bu [[bodhisattva]] yoʻlining va Mahāyāna taʼlimotining markaziy gʻoyasidir<ref>Sheng Yen. ''Orthodox Chinese Buddhism.'' 2007. 98-bet</ref>.

Ekottara Āgama asosan [[Theravada|Theravāda]]dagi [[Anguttara Nikaya|Aṅguttara Nikāya]]ga toʻgʻri keladi, lekin toʻrtta sanskritcha Āgama ichida u Theravāda versiyasidan eng koʻp farqlanadiganidir. Hatto Zuhdning olti qatlamli yoʻli kabi standart taʼlimotlarda ham farq mavjud<ref name="sujatoea"/>. [[Damien Keown]]ning yozishicha, „Pāli va xitoycha versiyalar oʻrtasida katta tafovut bor, sutralarning uchdan ikki qismi faqat bittasida mavjud, bu esa Sūtra Piṭakaning ushbu qismi kechroq shakllanganini koʻrsatadi“<ref>Keown, Damien. ''A Dictionary of Buddhism''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref>.

== Nafas olishni kuzatish ==

Ekottara Āgama tarkibida [[Gautama Buddha|Budda]]ning oʻgʻli [[Rāhula]]ga bergan [[anapanasati|nafas olishni kuzatish]] meditatsiyasi boʻyicha taʼlimot mavjud. Unda Budda Rāhulaga bu amaliyotni qanday qilib [[Samādhi (Buddizm)|samādhi]] holatiga kirish uchun qoʻllashni oʻrgatadi. Rāhula vaqt oʻtib samādhiga kiradi, toʻrtta [[Dhyāna in Buddhism|dhyāna]] bosqichidan oʻtadi va mukammallikka hamda ozodlikka erishadi. Keyin u Buddaning oldiga qaytib, oʻz tajribalari va anglaganlarini toʻliq bayon qiladi. Bu sutra Theravāda anʼanasidagi ''Maha-Rahulovada Sutta'' (MN 62) ga mos keladi.

== Sharqiy Osiyodagi taʼsiri ==

Mashhur buddaviylik ustozi [[Nan Huai-Chin|Nan Huaijin]] Ekottara Āgama asarini tez-tez nafas olishni kuzatish haqidagi nutqi uchun tilga olgan. U Rāhulaning Buddaga qilgan hisobotini sharhlab, aql, tana va nafas oʻrtasidagi bogʻliqlik, shuningdek ekzoterik va ezoterik tajribalarni izohlagan. Bu amaliyot Sharqiy Osiyodagi [[Zen]], [[Tiantai]] kabi [[Mahāyāna]] maktablariga va hatto [[Daoism|Daoistik]] meditatsiya anʼanalariga ham tarqalgan<ref>Nan, Huai-Chin. ''Working Toward Enlightenment: The Cultivation of Practice''. York Beach: Samuel Weiser, 1993.</ref><ref>Nan, Huai-Chin. ''To Realize Enlightenment: Practice of the Cultivation Path''. York Beach: Samuel Weiser, 1994.</ref><ref>Shi, Hong. \[[http://www.meditationexpert.com/AnapanaChi.htm](http://www.meditationexpert.com/AnapanaChi.htm){{Oʻlikhavola|date=oktabr 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}„Nan Huai-chin va Peter Senge suhbati“]. William Bodri.</ref>.

== Yana qarang ==

* [[Āgama (Buddizm)]]
* [[Anguttara Nikaya]]
* [[Anapanasati]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==

* {{cite web |translator-first1=Bhikkhu |translator-last1=Pasadika |translator-first2=Thich |translator-last2=Huyen-Vi |translator-first3=Sara |translator-last3=Boin-Webb |title=Ekottara Agama: Buddhaning raqamli nutqlari |url=[http://sites.google.com/site/ekottara/](http://sites.google.com/site/ekottara/) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811102248/http://sites.google.com/site/ekottara/](https://web.archive.org/web/20110811102248/http://sites.google.com/site/ekottara/) |archive-date=11 August 2011}}
* {{citation |translator=Lapis Lazuli Texts |orig-year=2010 |date=2011 |title=[[s\:Ekottarikāgama 17.1: Ānāpānasmṛti|Ekottarikāgama 17.1: Ānāpānasmṛti]] |via=Wikisource}}, Taishō Tripiṭaka 2-jild, 125-raqam, 581b29 – 582c19
* {{cite journal |translator-first1=Bhikkhu |translator-last1=Pasadika |translator-first2=Thich |translator-last2=Huyen-Vi |translator-first3=Sara |translator-last3=Boin-Webb |date=1993 |title=Ekottara Agama 17.1 — Nafas olishni kuzatish |journal=Buddhist Studies Review |volume=10 |number=2 |page=213 |url=[https://journals.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/8756/6464#page=41}}](https://journals.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/8756/6464#page=41}})

=== Mahā Rāhulovāda Sutta MN62 tarjimalari ===

* {{cite web |translator=Thanissaro Bhikkhu |translator-link=Thanissaro Bhikkhu |title=Rāhuloga katta nasihat: Mahā Rāhulovāda Sutta (MN 62) |url=https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/MN/MN62.html}}(https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/MN/MN62.html}}{{Oʻlikhavola|date=oktabr 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})
* {{citation |date=2010 |orig-year=2003 |title=Mahā Rāhulovāda Sutta M 62: Rāhuloga katta nasihat |translator=Piya Tan |url=http://www.themindingcentre.org/dharmafarer/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/3.11-Maha-Rahulovada-S-m62-piya.pdf(http://www.themindingcentre.org/dharmafarer/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/3.11-Maha-Rahulovada-S-m62-piya.pdf) }}{{Oʻlikhavola|date=oktabr 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite book |translator-last=Horner |translator-first=Isaline Blew |year=1954 |chapter=Rāhuloga katta nasihat |chapter-url=https://suttacentral.net/mn62/en/horner(https://suttacentral.net/mn62/en/horner) | title=The Collection of the Middle Length Sayings: (Majjhimanikāya) | publisher=Pali Text Society |pages=91ff}}
* {{cite book |translator-last=Chalmers |translator-first=Robert |date=1926 |chapter=Nafas mashqlari |title=Further Dialogues of the Buddha |volume=1 |series=Sacred Books of the Buddhists |location=London |publisher=Humphrey Milford / Oxford University Press |chapter-url=https://obo.genaud.net/dhamma-vinaya/chlm/mn/mn.062.chlm.sbb.htm}}(https://obo.genaud.net/dhamma-vinaya/chlm/mn/mn.062.chlm.sbb.htm}}{{Oʻlikhavola|date=oktabr 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})
* {{citation |translator-last=Sujato |translator-first=Bhante |date=2018 |title=[[s\:The Longer Advice to Rāhula|Rāhuloga uzoq nasihat]] |publisher=SuttaCentral |via=Wikisource}}
* {{cite web |translator=Sister Uppalavanna |title=Rāhuloga nasihat — Uzoq soʻz |url=https://obo.genaud.net/dhamma-vinaya/mnl/mn/mn.062.upal.mnl.htm}}(https://obo.genaud.net/dhamma-vinaya/mnl/mn/mn.062.upal.mnl.htm}}{{Oʻlikhavola|date=oktabr 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})

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[[Turkum:Tripiṭaka]]