Ftor-18 sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Ftor-18''' ( <sup>18</sup>F) [[pozitron]]larning  manbai bo'lgan [[ftor]] [[Radioaktiv izotoplar|radioizotopidir]] .  Massasi 18,0009380(6) ,  [[yarim yemirilish davri]] 109,771(20) minut. U 96% pozitron emissiyasi asosida  parchalanadi va u o'zida  4% [[Elektron tutish|elektroni ushlaydi]] . Parchalanishning  ikkala holida ham barqaror kislorod-18 hosil qiladi.

== Tabiiy hodisa ==
<sup>18</sup>F → <sup>18</sup>O + e<sup>+</sup> + ν<sub>e</sub>.

== Sintez ==
Radiofarmatsevtika sanoatida ftor-18 [[siklotron]] yoki [[Chiziqli zarracha tezlatgichi|chiziqli zarracha tezlatgich]] yordamida nishonni bombardimon qilish uchun tayyorlanadi, odatda tabiiy yoki yuqori energiyali [[proton]]lar (odatda ~18 [[Elektronvolt|MeV]] ) bilan boyitilgan [ <sup>18</sup>O] suvdan <ref>Fowler J. S. and Wolf A. P. (1982). The synthesis of carbon-11, fluorine-18 and nitrogen-13 labeled radiotracers for biomedical applications. Nucl. Sci. Ser. Natl Acad. Sci. Natl Res. Council Monogr. 1982.</ref> . Ishlab chiqarilgan ftor [ <sup>18</sup>F] [[Ftoridlar|ftoridning]] suvli eritmasi shaklida bo'lib, keyinchalik u turli radiofarmatsevtikalarning tez kimyoviy sintezida ishlatiladi.

== Tarixi ==
Ftor-18 ning birinchi sintezi va xossalari haqidagi hisobot 1937 yilda [[Ernest Lawrence|Ernest O. Lourensning]] siklotron laboratoriyalarida <sup>20</sup> Ne(d,a) <sup>18</sup>F yadro reaksiyasi natijasida ishlab chiqarilgan Artur X.

== Kimyo ==
Ftor-18 ko'pincha o'xshash [[Sterik effektlar|sterik]] va [[Elektrostatika|elektrostatik]] xususiyatlar tufayli radiotraserning asosiy molekulasidagi [[gidroksil guruh]]i {{Nobr|(–OH)}} bilan almashtiriladi.

== Ilovalar ==
Ftor-18 pozitron emissiya tomografiyasida (PET) qo'llaniladigan radiyonuklid periparatlardan biri bo'lib , 1960-yildan tibbiyotda  qo'llanilmoqda.<ref>{{Jurnal manbasi|last=Blau|first1=Monte|last2=Ganatra|first2=Ramanik|last3=Bender|first3=Merrill A.|title=18F-fluoride for bone imaging|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_seminars-in-nuclear-medicine_1972-01_2_1/page/31|journal=Seminars in Nuclear Medicine|date=January 1972|volume=2|issue=1|pages=31–37|doi=10.1016/S0001-2998(72)80005-9|pmid=5059349}}</ref> Ftor-18ning  ahamiyatliligi shundaki  yarimparchalanish davrining qisqaligi va parchalanish vaqtida pozitronlarning chiqishi bilan bog'liq. Ftor-18 dan  tibbiyotda  foydalanish: miya va yurakni tasvirlash uchun pozitron emissiya tomografiyasida (PET); qalqonsimon bezni tasvirlash; tasvir suyaklari uchun radiotraser sifatida, tananing boshqa joylaridan metastazlangan saratonlarni qidirishda va ichki o'smalarni davolashda radiatsiya terapiyasida.

Tracerlar orasida skeletni tasvirlash uchun foydali bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan natriy ftorid kiradi, chunki u suyakning yuqori va tez so'rilishini va juda tez qon klirensini ko'rsatadi, bu esa qisqa vaqt ichida suyakning fonga nisbati yuqori bo'lishiga olib keladi <ref>{{Jurnal manbasi|last=Ordonez|first1=A. A.|last2=DeMarco|first2=V. P.|last3=Klunk|first3=M. H.|last4=Pokkali|first4=S.|last5=Jain|first5=S.K.|title=Imaging Chronic Tuberculous Lesions Using Sodium [18F]Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography in Mice.|journal=Molecular Imaging and Biology|date=October 2015|volume=17|issue=5|pages=609–614|doi=10.1007/s11307-015-0836-6|pmid=25750032|pmc=4561601}}</ref> va [[Ftorodeoksiglyukoza|florodeoksiglyukoza]] (FDG), bu yerda <sup>18</sup>F [[Gidroksil guruh|gidroksilni]] almashtiradi. Yangi dioksaborolan kimyosi [[Antitelolar|antikorlarni]] radioaktiv ftorid ( <sup>18</sup>F) bilan belgilash imkonini beradi, bu esa [[Saraton (kasallik)|saraton kasalligini]] pozitron emissiya tomografiyasini (PET) ko'rish imkonini beradi.<ref>{{Jurnal manbasi|last=Rodriguez|first1=Erik A.|last2=Wang|first2=Ye|last3=Crisp|first3=Jessica L.|last4=Vera|first4=David R.|last5=Tsien|first5=Roger Y.|last6=Ting|first6=Richard|date=2016-04-27|title=New Dioxaborolane Chemistry Enables [18F]-Positron-Emitting, Fluorescent [18F]-Multimodality Biomolecule Generation from the Solid Phase|journal=Bioconjugate Chemistry|language=EN|volume=27|issue=5|pages=1390–1399|doi=10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00164|pmc=4916912|pmid=27064381}}</ref> <u>Insoniy</u>, <u>Genetik</u>, <u>Pozitron</u> chiqaradigan va <u>F-</u> lyuminestsent (HD-GPF) reportyor tizimi inson oqsili, PSMA va immunogen bo'lmagan va pozitron chiqaradigan ( <sup>18</sup>F) va floresan <u>kichik</u> molekuladan foydalanadi. butun sichqonchada genom o'zgartirilgan hujayralarni, masalan, [[Saraton (kasallik)|saraton]], CRISPR/Cas9 yoki CAR T -hujayralarini ikki tomonlama PET va floresan tasvirlash uchun.<ref>{{Jurnal manbasi|last=Guo|first1=Hua|last2=Harikrishna|first2=Kommidi|last3=Vedvyas|first3=Yogindra|last4=McCloskey|first4=Jaclyn E|last5=Zhang|first5=Weiqi|last6=Chen|first6=Nandi|last7=Nurili|first7=Fuad|last8=Wu|first8=Amy P|last9=Sayman|first9=Haluk B.|date=2019-05-23|title=A fluorescent, [ 18 F]-positron-emitting agent for imaging PMSA allows genetic reporting in adoptively-transferred, genetically-modified cells|journal=ACS Chemical Biology|language=en|doi=10.1021/acschembio.9b00160|pmid=31120734|issn=1554-8929|pmc=6775626|volume=14|issue=7|pages=1449–1459}}</ref><ref>{{Jurnal manbasi|last=Aras|first1=Omer|last2=Demirdag|first2=Cetin|last3=Kommidi|first3=Harikrishna|last4=Guo|first4=Hua|last5=Pavlova|first5=Ina|last6=Aygun|first6=Aslan|last7=Karayel|first7=Emre|last8=Pehlivanoglu|first8=Hüseyin|last9=Yeyin|first9=Nami|date=March 2021|title=Small Molecule, Multimodal [18F]-PET and Fluorescence Imaging Agent Targeting Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen: First-in-Human Study|journal=Clinical Genitourinary Cancer|volume=19|issue=5|language=en|pages=405–416|pmid=33879400|doi=10.1016/j.clgc.2021.03.011|pmc=8449790}}</ref>

== Manbalar ==
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{{Turkumsiz|date=Aprel 2024}}