Garam masala sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[Fayl:Garammasalaphoto.jpg|thumb|Maydalangan garam masala]]

'''Garam masala''' ([[Hindistoniy|hindistoniycha]]: {{lang|hi|garam masālā}}, so‘zma-so‘z {{lit|issiq yoki iliq ziravorlar}}) — [[Hindiston]]da kelib chiqqan ziravor aralashmasi. U [[Hind oshxonasi|Hind]], [[Pokiston oshxonasi|Pokiston]], [[Nepal oshxonasi|Nepal]], [[Bangladesh oshxonasi|Bangladesh]] hamda [[Karib oshxonasi|Karib]] oshxonalarida keng qo‘llanadi<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2020 |title=Trinidad Garam Masala - Calypso Kitchen |url=https://calypso.kitchen/product/trinidad-garam-masala/ |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=calypso.kitchen |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Radhuni Garam Masala - Online Grocery Shopping and Delivery in Bangladesh |url=https://chaldal.com/radhuni-garam-masala-40-gm |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=Grocery}}</ref>. U alohida ziravor sifatida yoki boshqa ziravorlar bilan birgalikda ishlatiladi. Aniq tarkibi hududga qarab farq qiladi, biroq odatda kardamon, dolchin, zira, chinnigullar, dafna barglari, yulduzsimon anis va qalampir donalari kabi ziravorlar aralashmasidan iborat bo‘ladi<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gurjar |first=Rachel |date=16 May 2022 |title=Garam Masala Is My Love Language |url=https://www.bonappetit.com/story/how-to-make-garam-masala-at-home |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=Bon Appétit |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2024 |title=Garam Masala: A Simple Road to Delicious Indian Dishes |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/what-is-garam-masala-995690 |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=The Spruce Eats |language=en |arxivsana=2024-12-21 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221052102/https://www.thespruceeats.com/what-is-garam-masala-995690 }}</ref>. Garam masala turli xil taomlarda, jumladan marinadlar, tuzlamalar, dimlama taomlar va karrilarda qo‘llanadi<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2023 |title=14 Flavorful Recipes Using Garam Masala |url=https://www.tasteofhome.com/collection/recipes-using-garam-masala/ |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=Taste of Home |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Kimi |date=4 January 2015 |title=Garam Masala No Cook Pickled Onions |url=https://www.thenourishinggourmet.com/garam-masala-no-cook-pickled-onions/ |access-date=21 December 2024 |website=www.thenourishinggourmet.com |language=en-US}}</ref>.

== Tarkibi ==
[[Fayl:Garam Masala.JPG|thumb|Garam masalaning odatiy tarkibiy qismlari (chap yuqoridan soat strelkasi bo‘ylab): qora qalampir donalari, javitri (muskat yong‘og‘i qobig‘i), dolchin, chinnigullar, qora kardamon, muskat yong‘og‘i va yashil kardamon]]

Garam masalaning tarkibi hududga qarab farq qiladi. Hind yarimorolida turli hududiy va shaxsiy ta’blarga ko‘ra ko‘plab retseptlar mavjud bo‘lib, ularning birortasi boshqasidan ko‘ra “aslroq” deb hisoblanmaydi<ref name=rau>{{cite book |last=Rama Rau |first=Santha |title=The Cooking of India (Foods of the World) |url=https://archive.org/details/cookingofindiafo00unse |publisher=Time Life Education |year=1969 |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8094-0069-0}}</ref>. Odatda ziravorlar qovuriladi, so‘ng maydalab aralashtiriladi yoki taom pishirishning oxirgi bosqichida ta’m berish uchun qo‘shiladi.

Hindistoncha garam masalaning odatiy tarkibiga quyidagilar kiradi<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pitre |first1=Urvashi |title=Indian Instant Pot® Cookbook: Traditional Indian Dishes Made Easy and Fast |url=https://archive.org/details/indianinstantpot0000pitr |date=19 September 2017 |publisher=Rockridge Press |isbn=978-1939754547 |page=[https://archive.org/details/indianinstantpot0000pitr/page/24 24]}}</ref> (hindistoniycha nomlari qavs ichida):

* [[Arpabodiyon]] (''sauṅf'')
* Hind dafna bargi yoki [[Cinnamomum tamala|malabatrum]] (''tej pattā'')
* [[Qalampir]] donalari — qora va oq (''kāli/safed mirch'')
* [[Chinnigul]] (''lauṅg'')
* [[Dolchin]] po‘stlog‘i (''dālacīnī'')
* [[Muskat yong‘og‘i]] qobig‘i — javitri (''javitri'')
* [[Kardamon]] — qora va yashil (''ilāīcī'')
* [[Zira]] (''jīra'')
* [[Koriander]] urug‘lari (''dhaniā'')
* Qizil [[chili]] kukuni (''lāl mirch'')

Ba’zi retseptlarda ziravorlar o‘simlik barglari bilan aralashtiriladi, boshqalarida esa suv, sirka yoki boshqa suyuqliklar bilan maydalab pasta shakliga keltiriladi<ref>Bhide, Monica, "Garam Masala: A Taste Worth Acquiring". npr.org. 27 April 2011</ref>. Ayrim retseptlarga yong‘oq, piyoz yoki sarimsoq, shuningdek oz miqdorda yulduzsimon anis, asafoetida, [[chili qalampiri]], tosh guli (''dagadphool'', liken) va ''kababchini'' (''kubeba qalampiri'') ham qo‘shilishi mumkin. Ta’mlar muvozanatli aralashma hosil qilish uchun uyg‘unlashtiriladi yoki ma’lum bir ta’mni kuchaytirish uchun alohida ziravor ko‘proq ishlatilishi mumkin. Ba’zan masala ishlatishdan oldin qovurilib, uning hid va ta’mini kuchaytirish uchun tayyorlanadi<ref name=rau/>. Hind yarimorolining sharqiy qismida — [[G‘arbiy Bengaliya]], [[Orissa]], [[Assam]] va [[Bangladesh]] hududlarida ba’zan faqat kardamon, dolchin va chinniguldan iborat soddaroq aralashma ham ishlatiladi{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}.

[[Myanma]] (Birma) oshxonasida ishlatiladigan ''masala'' ({{lang|my|မဆလာ}}) aralashmasi odatda maydalangan dolchin yoki kassiya, kardamon, chinnigullar va qora qalampirdan iborat bo‘ladi<ref>{{Cite book |title=To Myanmar with Love: A Travel Guide for the Connoisseur |date=2009 |publisher=ThingsAsian Press |isbn=978-1-934159-06-4 |language=en}}</ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|2}}

== Tashqi havolalar ==
* [https://chillyflake.com/spices-names-in-english-and-hindi/ Spices Name in Hindi and English] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001201630/https://chillyflake.com/spices-names-in-english-and-hindi/ |date=2022-10-01 }}
[[Turkum:Ziravorlar]]