Gardenia jasminoides sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''''Gardenia jasminoides''''', odatda '''gardeniya'''  deb ataluvchi, [[Roʻyandoshlar]]  oilasiga mansub [[Doim yashil oʻsimliklar|doim yashil]] [[Gulli oʻsimliklar|gulli o'simlik]]. Uning vatani Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo. Yovvoyi holda o'sganda o'simlik  balandligi 30 santimetrdan 3 metrgacha (taxminan 1 dan 10 futgacha) yetishi mumkin. Barglari  qarama-qarshi joylashgan zich novdalar hosil qilib yumaloq shaklda o'sish  xususiyatiga  ega, barglarining usti mum bilan qoplangan.

Barglari yaltiroq yashil rangada. Gullari juda xushbo'y xidga ega. Oq  [[yoz]] gullari sifatida issiq [[Moʻtadil iqlim|mo‘tadil]] va [[Subtropik mintaqalar|subtropik iqlimlarda]] bog'larda o'stiriladi.  Bundan tashqari, mo'tadil iqlim sharoitida [[Uy oʻsimliklari|xona o'simligi]] sifatida o'stiriladi. Xitoyda  ming yillar  davomida xona guli sifatida o'stirilgan. <nowiki>XVIII</nowiki> asrning o'rtalarida ingliz bog'dorchiligiga kirib kelgan. Bog'dorchilik  uchun  past bo'yli bo'lib o'sadigan , katta  gulli navlari yetishtirilgan.

== Tavsif ==
[[Fayl:கும்பை8.jpg|thumb|''Gardenia jasminoides'' barglari]]
''Gardenia jasminoides'' - [[Buta|butasimon o'simlik]] bo'yi 30 sm dan 3 m gacha (1–10&nbsp;fut) yovvoyi holatda o'sganda  baland, silindrsimon va tekis shoxlari bo'lib, ular  kadukoz tuklar bilan qoplanadi. Barglari qarama-qarshi juft yoki kamdan-kam hollarda novdalar bo'ylab uch tadan iborat to'p hosil qiladi.Barglarning uzunligi  {{Convert|3–25|cm|in|1}} kengligi  {{Convert|1.5–8|cm|in|1}}  cho'zinchoq-nayzasimon, cho'zinchoq-yumaloq  ,yoki elliptik shaklda  bo'lishi mumkin. Ularning ustki yuzasi silliq va yaltiroq yoki tomirlar boʻylab bir oz tukli, ostki  yuzasi esa siyrak tukli, silliq boʻladi. Har bir bargda 8-15 juft ikkilamchi tomirlar mavjud. Gullari yakka yakka boʻlib, poyaning uchidan chiqadi.

Oq gullar yorqin tusli barglardan farqli o'laroq, to'qroq  tuzilishga ega. Ular asta-sekin kremsimon  sariq rangga kiradi  va  sirti mum bilan qoplanadi. Ular juda katta bo'lishi mumkin, diametri  {{Convert|10|cm|in}} gacha boradi. Yoz va kuz oylarida gullaydi, ular barcha gullar ichida eng kuchli xushbo'y hidi tarqatuvchilar hisoblanadi. Gullashdan keyin mayda va oval mevalar tugadi<ref name="UF99">{{veb manbasi|url=http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/shrub_fact_sheets/garjasa.pdf|sarlavha=Fact Sheet FPS-222: Gardenia jasminoides|muallif=Gilman|ism=Edward F.|sana=October 1999|nashriyot=University of Florida: Institute of food and agricultural sciences|kirish sanasi=6-iyun 2021-yil|arxivsana=20-yanvar 2021-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120060100/https://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/shrub_fact_sheets/garjasa.pdf}}</ref>.
[[Fayl:Gardenia_jasminoides_fruit.jpg|thumb|''Gardenia jasminoidesning'' yosh mevasi]]

== Taksonomiya ==
Nemis-gollandiyalik botanik Georg ''Rumfius Gardenia jasminoidesni'' Amboina (Ambon) orolida ilk bora ko'rgani  uchun  1700-yilda yozilgan  o'zining ''Herbarium'' Amboinense asarida bu gulni ''catsjopiri'' yoki malay ''tilida catsjopiring'' deb ataladigan "chiroyli  bezak" ekanligini ta'kidlagan. Uning xabar berishicha, u yerga Bataviyadan (Jakarta) olib kelingan<ref name="jarvis">{{jurnal manbasi|doi=10.1111/curt.12052|title=''Gardenia jasminoides'': A Traditional Chinese Dye Plant Becomes a Garden Ornamental in Europe|year=2014|last=Jarvis|first1=Charles E.|last2=Duval|first2=Ashley|last3=Crane|first3=Peter R.|journal=Curtis's Botanical Magazine|volume=31|pages=80–98}}</ref><ref>{{kitob manbasi|last=Rumpf|first=Georg Eberhard|title=Herbarium amboinense|date=1750|publisher=Apud Fransicum Changuion, Joannem Catuffe, Hermannum Uytwerf|location=Amsterdam|pages=26–27|url=http://botanicus.org/page/9276|accessdate=2-iyun 2021-yil}}</ref>. Shvetsiyalik taksonom [[Carl Linnaeus|Karl Linney]] Rumfiy ishining to'g'riligini tan oldi va uni o'rganishni o'z shogirdi Olaf Stikmanga topshirdi. Stickmanning dissertatsiyasi 1754-yilda chop etilgan<ref name="merrill17">{{kitob manbasi|last=Merrill|first=Elmer Drew|title=An interpretation of Rumphius's Herbarium amboinense|date=1917|publisher=Bureau of Printing|location=Manila|pages=31–32, 485|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44102303|accessdate=2-iyun 2021-yil}}</ref>. Keyinchalik u 1759-yilda bu turni ''Varneria augusta'' deb nomlagan<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|last=Stickman|first1=Olaf|title=Herbarium Amboinense|journal=Amoenitates Academicae|date=1759|volume=4|pages=112–143 [138]|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1484000|access-date=2-iyun 2021-yil|archivedate=2-iyun 2021-yil|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214720/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1484000}}</ref>.

Ingliz tabiatshunosi Jon Ellis 1761-yilda ''Gardenia jasminoidesni'' tavsiflab bergan. U<ref name="Foster92">{{kitob manbasi|last=Foster|first=Steven|title=Herbal emissaries: bringing Chinese herbs to the West : a Guide to Gardening, Herbal Wisdom, and Well-Being|publisher=Healing Arts Press|year=1992|pages=[https://archive.org/details/herbalemissaries00fost/page/185 185]|isbn=0-89281-349-0|url=https://archive.org/details/herbalemissaries00fost/page/185}}</ref> gulni kesib ko'rgach , bu gulning  yasemin oilasi bilan  bog'liq emasligini ko'rgan  va yangi tur sifatida fanga kiritgan. Dastlab bu gulni Angliyadagi zavod egasi  ''Warneria'' sharafiga nomlamoqchi  edi. Biroq, Uorner gulga o'z nomini berishlariga qarshi chiqdi. Shundan keyin  Ellis Shotlandiya tabiatshunosi Aleksandr yaratgan  bog' sharafiga gulni  ''Gardeniya deb nomladi''.<ref name="ellis1759">{{jurnal manbasi|doi=10.1098/rstl.1759.0084|title=LXXXII. An account of the plants Halesia and Gardenia: In a letter from John Ellis, Esq; F. R. S. To Philip Carteret Webb, Esq; F. R. S.|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|year=1759|volume=51|pages=929–935|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstl.1759.0084|access-date=4-yanvar 2021-yil|archivedate=20-iyul 2020-yil|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720032049/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstl.1759.0084}}</ref> Ellis shuningdek, ''Avgustani'' umumiy [[Oila (biologiya)|oila]] nomi sifatida taklif qilgan, Linney buni rad etgan.<ref name="sprague29">{{jurnal manbasi|last=Sprague|first1=Thomas Archibald|title=Gardenia or Warneria|journal=Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)|jstor=4115087|date=1929|volume=1|issue=1|pages=12–16|doi=10.2307/4115087}}</ref> Botanik va rassom Georg Dionisiy Ehret uni tasvirlaganida, u [[Yosmin|yasemin]] nomi bilan bog'langan. Ehret bu yaseminmi, deb so'radi, chunki gullar yaseminga juda  o'xshaydi. Bu nom umumiy nom va ilmiy epitet sifatida saqlanib qolgan.<ref name="Foster92" />

Linney 1762-yilda o'zining ''Plantarum turlarining'' ikkinchi nashrida unga ''Gardenia florida'' nomini bergan.<ref>{{kitob manbasi|last=Linnaeus|first=Carl|title=Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas|language=Latin|edition=2nd|date=1762|publisher=Laurentii Salvii|location=Stockholm|page=305|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11628759|accessdate=2-iyun 2021-yil}}</ref> Amerikalik botanik Elmer D. Merrill 1917-yilda ''Gardenia augusta'' bilan Stickmanga ergashdi;<ref name="merrill17">{{kitob manbasi|last=Merrill|first=Elmer Drew|title=An interpretation of Rumphius's Herbarium amboinense|date=1917|publisher=Bureau of Printing|location=Manila|pages=31–32, 485|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44102303|accessdate=2-iyun 2021-yil}}</ref> ammo, Rumphiusning asl asari keyinchalik turni tasvirlash uchun etarli emas deb topildi, shuning uchun bu nomlar ''nomina nuda''.<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|last=Hubbard|first1=F. Tracy|last2=Rehder|first2=Alfred|title=Nomenclatorial Notes on Plants growing in the Botanical Garden of the Atkins Institution of the Arnold Arboretum at Soledad, Cienfuegos, Cuba|journal=Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University|date=1932|volume=1|issue=1|pages=1–11|doi=10.5962/p.295077|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7770066|access-date=2-iyun 2021-yil|archivedate=3-iyun 2021-yil|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603051356/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7770066}}</ref>

Shuningdek, Rumfiusning asariga asoslanib, shved tabiatshunosi Karl Piter Tunberg 1780-yilda ''Dissertatio botanica de Gardenia'' nomli jinsga oid asarida unga ''Gardenia radicans'' nomini bergan.<ref>{{kitob manbasi|last=Thunberg|first=Carl Peter|title=Dissertatio botanica de Gardenia|date=1780|publisher=Johan. Edman|location=Uppsala|pages=12, 18|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48680819}}</ref> Londonlik bolalar bog'chasi Konrad Loddiges 1821-yilda ''Gardenia angustifolia'' deb o'stirgan shaklni tasvirlab berdi va uni tor barglari asosida ajralib turadi.<ref>{{kitob manbasi|last=Loddiges|first=Joachim Conrad|title=The botanical cabinet|date=1821|publisher=John & Arthur Arch|location=London|pages=512–513|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29152404|accessdate=5-iyun 2021-yil}}</ref>

''Gardenia jasminoides'' [[Morfologiya (biologiya)|morfologiyasida]], xususan, turli populyatsiyalarda barglar, kosacha loblari va korollalarning o'lchamlari bo'yicha juda o'zgaruvchan. Bu Xitoy hukumati boshqa joylarda qabul qilinmaydigan bir nechta navlarni tavsiflashiga olib keldi. WC Chen nomini berdi ''G. jasminoides'' var. ''fortuneana'' urug' hosil qilmaydigan va keng o'stiriladigan katta ikki gulli steril shaklga.

Cape jasmin va cape jessamine umumiy nomlari gul [[Janubiy Afrika Respublikasi|Janubiy Afrikaning]] [[Yaxshi umid burni|Yaxshi Umid]] burnida paydo bo'lgan degan oldingi e'tiqoddan kelib chiqqan.<ref name="Foster92">{{kitob manbasi|last=Foster|first=Steven|title=Herbal emissaries: bringing Chinese herbs to the West : a Guide to Gardening, Herbal Wisdom, and Well-Being|publisher=Healing Arts Press|year=1992|pages=[https://archive.org/details/herbalemissaries00fost/page/185 185]|isbn=0-89281-349-0|url=https://archive.org/details/herbalemissaries00fost/page/185}}</ref> Boshqa umumiy nomlar orasida ''danh-danh'' va jasmin mavjud.

== Tarqalishi va o‘sish joyi ==
''Gardenia jasminoidesning'' vatani janubi-sharqiy Osiyo bo'lib  jumladan Bangladesh, Kambodja, Xitoy, Sharqiy Himoloy, Xaynan, Yaponiya, Laos, Nansei-shoto, [[Tayvan (orol)|Tayvan]], Tailand va Vetnamda uchraydi. Daryolar, balandlikdagi qiyalik va tepalik  yerlarda yaxshi o'sadi   Xitoy ichida bu tur Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guychjou, Xaynan, Xebey, Xubey, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Tayvan, Yunnan va Zhejiang viloyatlarida  uchraydi.  Tur iqlimi va yashash muhiti o'ziga mos boʻlgan boshqa hududlarga, jumladan [[Karolina orollari|Karolin orollari]], [[Komorlar|Komor orollari]], Koreya, [[Mariana orollari|Mariana]], [[Marshall orollari]], [[Jamiyat orollari]] va [[Tubuai|Tubuay orollarida]]  ham o'sadi.

== Kultivatsiya ==
 
''G. jasminoidesning'' Xitoyda yetishtirilganligi haqidagi dalillar Song sulolasi davriga (milodiy 960–1279) toʻgʻri keladi, bu yerda ham yovvoyi, ham qoʻsh gulli shakllar Song imperatori Huizong<ref name="Keswick">{{kitob manbasi|last=Keswick|first=Maggie|title=The Chinese Garden|publisher=Frances Lincoln|location=London|year=2003|edition=2nd|page=63|isbn=0-7112-2031-X}}</ref>  rasmlarida  tasvirlangan. O'ninchi  asr rassomi Xu Xi<ref>Keswick, p. 204</ref> [[Yuan (sulola)|Yuan sulolasi]] (1271–1368) uni chinni buyumlarida bu gulni chizgan.  [[Min (sulola)|Min sulolasi]] davriga tegishli  sopol  buyumlarda ham gul suratini  (1368–1644) koʻrish mumkin.<ref name="Valder99">{{kitob manbasi|last=Valder|first=Peter|title=Garden Plants of China|url=https://archive.org/details/gardenplantsofch0000vald_n5x4|publisher=Florilegium|location=Glebe, NSW|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gardenplantsofch0000vald_n5x4/page/289 289]|isbn=1-876314-02-8}}</ref> An'anaviy xitoy tabobatida ''zhi-zi'' deb atalgan u sariqlik, shish va isitma uchun  davo edi.  Ingliz davlat arbobi ser Jon Barrou 1794-yilda [[Guanchjou|Xitoyning Guanchjou]] shahridagi bolalar bog'chalarida gardiyani ko'rgan<ref name="Valder99" />

''G. jasminoides'' Yevropaga 1652-yilda Niderlandiya va Osiyo oʻrtasidagi yoʻl stansiyasi sifatida tashkil etilgan Janubiy Afrikadagi Keyp koloniyasi orqali  olib kelingan.<ref name="jarvis">{{jurnal manbasi|doi=10.1111/curt.12052|title=''Gardenia jasminoides'': A Traditional Chinese Dye Plant Becomes a Garden Ornamental in Europe|year=2014|last=Jarvis|first1=Charles E.|last2=Duval|first2=Ashley|last3=Crane|first3=Peter R.|journal=Curtis's Botanical Magazine|volume=31|pages=80–98}}</ref> Shvetsiyalik tabiatshunos Daniel Solanderning xabar berishicha, tirik tur Buyuk Britaniyaga ([[Birlashgan Qirollik|Buyuk Britaniya]]) Keyp koloniyasidan 1744-yilda Britaniyaning Sharqiy [[Hindiston]] kemasi bo'lgan ''Godolphinda'' kapitan Uilyam Xatchenson tomonidan olib kelingan va gulni  Esseksdagi Vudford Rou shahrida yashovchi  botanik Richard Uornerga bergan.<ref name="jarvis" /><ref>{{jurnal manbasi|doi=10.1098/rstl.1761.0109|title=CVII. An account of the Gardenia: In a letter to Philip Carteret Webb, Esq; F. R. S. From Daniel C. Solander, M. D|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|year=1761|volume=52|pages=654–661}}</ref> Xabarlarga ko'ra, o'simlik sayohat davomida gullab-yashnagan.<ref name="sprague29">{{jurnal manbasi|last=Sprague|first1=Thomas Archibald|title=Gardenia or Warneria|journal=Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)|jstor=4115087|date=1929|volume=1|issue=1|pages=12–16|doi=10.2307/4115087}}</ref>  Ammo botanik  Uorner toki unga Jon Ellis Mile Enddagi bog'bon Jeyms Gordonni tavsiya qilmaguncha, uni tahlil qila olmadi.<ref name="ellis1759">{{jurnal manbasi|doi=10.1098/rstl.1759.0084|title=LXXXII. An account of the plants Halesia and Gardenia: In a letter from John Ellis, Esq; F. R. S. To Philip Carteret Webb, Esq; F. R. S.|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|year=1759|volume=51|pages=929–935|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstl.1759.0084|access-date=4-yanvar 2021-yil|archivedate=20-iyul 2020-yil|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720032049/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstl.1759.0084}}</ref> Gordon 1757-yil avgustda muvaffaqiyatga erishdi va o'simliklar yaxshi sotildi.<ref name="Foster92">{{kitob manbasi|last=Foster|first=Steven|title=Herbal emissaries: bringing Chinese herbs to the West : a Guide to Gardening, Herbal Wisdom, and Well-Being|publisher=Healing Arts Press|year=1992|pages=[https://archive.org/details/herbalemissaries00fost/page/185 185]|isbn=0-89281-349-0|url=https://archive.org/details/herbalemissaries00fost/page/185}}</ref> Har bir sotilgan  o'simlik besh gvineya olib keldi.<ref name="ellis1759" /> Gardenias AQSHda birinchi marta 1762-yilda , Gardenning Charleston bog'ida o'stirilgan<ref name="Bender11">{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.southernliving.com/home-garden/gardens/southern-gardening-gardenia-history-00400000064968/|sarlavha=A Brief History of the Gardenia|muallif=Bender|ism=Steve|yil=2011|ish=Southern Living|nashriyot=Time Inc. Lifestyle Group|kirish sanasi=1-dekabr 2012-yil|arxivsana=17-avgust 2013-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817051657/http://www.southernliving.com/home-garden/gardens/southern-gardening-gardenia-history-00400000064968/}}</ref>.

Buyuk Britaniyada yetishtirishda ''Gardenia jasminoides'' Qirollik bog'dorchilik jamiyatining Bog'dagi xizmatlari uchun mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan.<ref name="RHSPF">{{veb manbasi|sarlavha=''Gardenia jasminoides'' AGM|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/7605/Gardenia-jasminoides/Details|nashriyot=Royal Horticultural Society|kirish sanasi=7-iyul 2020-yil|arxivsana=7-iyul 2020-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707192422/https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/7605/Gardenia-jasminoides/Details}}</ref><ref>{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf|sarlavha=AGM Plants – Ornamental|sana=July 2017|nashriyot=Royal Horticultural Society|kirish sanasi=27-fevral 2018-yil|arxivsana=2-may 2020-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502143155/https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf}}</ref> O'zining yozda ochiladigan  xushbo'y  gullari va jozibali barglari uchun juda qadrlanadi, to'siq yoki skrining o'simlik sifatida ishlatiladi.<ref name="UF99">{{veb manbasi|url=http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/shrub_fact_sheets/garjasa.pdf|sarlavha=Fact Sheet FPS-222: Gardenia jasminoides|muallif=Gilman|ism=Edward F.|sana=October 1999|nashriyot=University of Florida: Institute of food and agricultural sciences|kirish sanasi=6-iyun 2021-yil|arxivsana=20-yanvar 2021-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120060100/https://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/shrub_fact_sheets/garjasa.pdf}}</ref>

Issiq mo<nowiki>''tadil va subtropik bog'larda bog' o'</nowiki>simligi  sifatida keng tatqalgan ,<ref name="Bussell05">{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.southernliving.com/home-garden/gardens/gardenias-fragrance-captivates-00400000010309/|sarlavha=Gardenias: A Fragrance That Captivates|muallif=Bussell|ism=Gene A.|sana=June 2005|ish=Southern Living|nashriyot=Time Inc. Lifestyle Group|kirish sanasi=1-dekabr 2012-yil|arxivsana=21-oktabr 2012-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021001025/http://www.southernliving.com/home-garden/gardens/gardenias-fragrance-captivates-00400000010309/}}</ref> ''Gardenia jasminoides'' USDA 8 dan 10 gacha chidamlilik zonalarida,<ref name="UF99">{{veb manbasi|url=http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/shrub_fact_sheets/garjasa.pdf|sarlavha=Fact Sheet FPS-222: Gardenia jasminoides|muallif=Gilman|ism=Edward F.|sana=October 1999|nashriyot=University of Florida: Institute of food and agricultural sciences|kirish sanasi=6-iyun 2021-yil|arxivsana=20-yanvar 2021-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120060100/https://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/shrub_fact_sheets/garjasa.pdf}}</ref> yoki Buyuk Britaniyadagi H1C zonasida (tashqi havo harorati {{Convert|5|C|F}} dan yuqori) chidamli.).<ref name="RHSPF">{{veb manbasi|sarlavha=''Gardenia jasminoides'' AGM|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/7605/Gardenia-jasminoides/Details|nashriyot=Royal Horticultural Society|kirish sanasi=7-iyul 2020-yil|arxivsana=7-iyul 2020-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707192422/https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/7605/Gardenia-jasminoides/Details}}</ref> U  quyoshli yoki qisman soyali joyda yaxshi o'sadi va u pH 5,0 dan 6,5 gacha bo'lgan kislotali tuproqni afzal ko'radi.<ref name="Bussell05" /> Mo'tadil kengliklarda gardiya odatda xona o'simligi sifatida uyda yoki issiqxonalarda o'stiriladi.<ref name="rhs" /> Agar tuproq etarlicha kislotali bo'lmasa, unga  ko'plab ozuqa moddalari (ayniqsa, temir birikmalari) yetishmaydi , chunki ular suvda erimaydi , shuning uchun ildizlar orqali  so'rilmaydi. Bu holatda , gardiyalarda barglarning sarg'ayishi asosiy alomati bilan xloroz rivojlana boshlaydi.<ref>{{veb manbasi|sarlavha=Gardenia: Common Problems|url=https://www.yates.com.au/plants/flowers-and-ornamentals/gardenia/common-problems-gardenia/|ish=Yates|nashriyot=DuluxGroup (Australia) Pty Ltd|kirish sanasi=21-sentabr 2021-yil|arxivsana=15-mart 2021-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315090655/https://www.yates.com.au/plants/flowers-and-ornamentals/gardenia/common-problems-gardenia/}}</ref> PH ni pasaytirish uchun tuproqqa temir xelat qo'shilishi mumkin, agar suv ta'minoti kam  bo'lsa, bu ish takrorlanadi.<ref name="rhs">{{veb manbasi|sarlavha=Gardenia|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?pid=367|ish=RHS Gardening|nashriyot=Royal Horticultural Society|kirish sanasi=30-oktabr 2021-yil}}</ref>

=== Turlari ===
Ko'plab [[nav]]lari  yaratilgan  va ikki gulli shakllar eng mashhurdir. ''Gardenia'' 'Radicans' bo'yi 15-45 sm  ga yetadigan yer bo'ylab  o'sadi yer yuzini   bir metrgacha qoplab olishi mumkin , ''G.'' 'Fortuniana' va ''G.'' 'Sirli' esa ikki gulli navlardir.<ref name="UF99">{{veb manbasi|url=http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/shrub_fact_sheets/garjasa.pdf|sarlavha=Fact Sheet FPS-222: Gardenia jasminoides|muallif=Gilman|ism=Edward F.|sana=October 1999|nashriyot=University of Florida: Institute of food and agricultural sciences|kirish sanasi=6-iyun 2021-yil|arxivsana=20-yanvar 2021-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120060100/https://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/shrub_fact_sheets/garjasa.pdf}}</ref> Birinchisi 1844-yilda Shotlandiya botanik Robert Fortune tomonidan [[London]]dagi Qirollik bog'dorchilik jamiyatiga yuborilgan.<ref name="Valder99">{{kitob manbasi|last=Valder|first=Peter|title=Garden Plants of China|url=https://archive.org/details/gardenplantsofch0000vald_n5x4|publisher=Florilegium|location=Glebe, NSW|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gardenplantsofch0000vald_n5x4/page/289 289]|isbn=1-876314-02-8}}</ref> Ikkinchisi  tik o'sish  xususiyatigav ega va to'siq yaratish   uchun mashhur nav hisoblanadi. Uning bo'yi 1,8 dan 2,5 m gacha yetadi.<ref name="Bussell05">{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.southernliving.com/home-garden/gardens/gardenias-fragrance-captivates-00400000010309/|sarlavha=Gardenias: A Fragrance That Captivates|muallif=Bussell|ism=Gene A.|sana=June 2005|ish=Southern Living|nashriyot=Time Inc. Lifestyle Group|kirish sanasi=1-dekabr 2012-yil|arxivsana=21-oktabr 2012-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021001025/http://www.southernliving.com/home-garden/gardens/gardenias-fragrance-captivates-00400000010309/}}</ref> Boshqa navlardan farqli o'laroq, ''G.'' "Golden Magic" gullari oq ochilgandan keyin nisbatan erta oltin sariq rangga aylanadi. U 1,5 gacha o'sadi&nbsp;m (5&nbsp;fut) baland va 1&nbsp;m (3,5&nbsp;ft) keng.<ref name="Plantmark">{{veb manbasi|url=http://plantmark.com.au/gardenias.html|sarlavha=Gardenias|muallif=Plantmark|yil=2006|nashriyot=self|kirish sanasi=1-dekabr 2012-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410181648/http://plantmark.com.au/gardenias.html|arxivsana=10-aprel 2013-yil}}</ref>
[[Fayl:Gardenia_jasminoides_Blanco1.154.png|right|thumb|260x260px| 1880-yillarning botanika chizmasi]]
''Gardenia'' "Aimee" erta gullaydigan (bahor) navdir.<ref>{{kitob manbasi|last=Hériteau|first=Jacqueline|title=Complete trees, shrubs & hedges|year=2005|pages=[https://archive.org/details/completetreesshr0000hrit/page/179 179]|isbn=1-58011-259-5|url=https://archive.org/details/completetreesshr0000hrit/page/179}}</ref> ''G.'' 'Shooting Star' va ''G.'' 'Chuck Hayes' kabi navlar sovuqqa chidamliroq, taxminan 7-zonaga. <ref>{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/PlantFinder/Plant.asp?Code=B479|sarlavha=Gardenia jasminoides 'Shooting Star'|nashriyot=Missouri Botanical Garden's Kemper Center for Home Gardening|kirish sanasi=25-avgust 2009-yil|arxivsana=10-avgust 2010-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810115801/http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?code=B479}}</ref><ref>{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.freepatentsonline.com/PP19896.html|sarlavha=Gardenia plant named 'Crown Jewel'|kirish sanasi=23-sentabr 2021-yil|arxivsana=4-mart 2016-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051746/http://www.freepatentsonline.com/PP19896.html}}</ref> ''G.'' 'Kleim's Hardy' balandligi 1 m gacha va yulduzsimon gullarga ega bo'lgan mitti shakli bo'lib, 7-zonaga toqat qiladi. <ref>{{veb manbasi|sarlavha=Gardenia jasminoides 'Kleim's Hardy'|url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/gardenia-jasminoides-kleims-hardy/|ish=N.C. Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox|nashriyot=NC State University|kirish sanasi=22-sentabr 2021-yil|arxivsana=25-fevral 2021-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225000734/https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/gardenia-jasminoides-kleims-hardy/}}</ref> ''G.'' "Crown Jewel" ''G.'' "Kleim's Hardy" dan ''G.'' "Chuk Xeys" bilan kesishgan duragay bo'lib, 6-zonada himoyalangan joylarda o'sishi mumkin.  U balandligi 1 m gacha, kengligi 1,5 m gacha yetadi.<ref>{{veb manbasi|sarlavha=Gardenia jasminoides 'Crown Jewel' PP #19896|url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/gardenia-jasminoides-crown-jewel-pp-19896/|ish=N.C. Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox|nashriyot=NC State University|kirish sanasi=22-sentabr 2021-yil|arxivsana=2-mart 2021-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302195219/https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/gardenia-jasminoides-crown-jewel-pp-19896/}}</ref> ''G.'' "Yozgi qor" (Patent raqami PP22797) USDA 6-zonasiga chidamli nav bo'lib, 1,5 gacha o'sadi m balandligi  gullari  diametri 5-6 sm ga yetadi.<ref>{{veb manbasi|sarlavha=Gardenia jasminoides 'Bab1183' SUMMER SNOW|url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=443792&isprofile=0&pt=2|ish=Plant Finder|nashriyot=Missouri Botanical Garden|kirish sanasi=22-sentabr 2021-yil}}</ref>

== Foydalanish ==
Gardeniya gullarini xom, tuzlangan yoki asalda konservalangan holda iste'mol qilish mumkin.  Xitoyda gulbarglari oʻzining xushboʻyligi uchun choyda ishlatiladi, toʻqimachilik va shirinliklarda ishlatiladigan sariq-qizil boʻyoq esa meva pulpasidan olingan.<ref name="jarvis">{{jurnal manbasi|doi=10.1111/curt.12052|title=''Gardenia jasminoides'': A Traditional Chinese Dye Plant Becomes a Garden Ornamental in Europe|year=2014|last=Jarvis|first1=Charles E.|last2=Duval|first2=Ashley|last3=Crane|first3=Peter R.|journal=Curtis's Botanical Magazine|volume=31|pages=80–98}}</ref> ''Gardenia jasminoides fructus'' (meva) an'anaviy xitoy tibbiyotida "olovni to'kish" va ba'zi [[isitma]] holatlarini davolash uchun ishlatiladi. Yallig'lanishga qarshi va antipiretik ta'sirga ega.<ref>{{kitob manbasi|last=Bensky, Dan|title=Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica|edition=3rd|publisher=Eastland Press, Inc|location=Seattle|date=2004|page=95}}</ref>

Shishihakuhito Xitoy o'simlik dorisi bo'lib, asosan Gardenia mevasidan tashkil topgan va atopik dermatitni davolash uchun ishlatiladi. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) vositachiligida gistamin chiqarilishini kamaytiradi.<ref name="shishi">{{jurnal manbasi|last=Mie WAKABAYASHI, Eiko SAKURAI, Kazuhiko YANAI, Kazuhiro UMEMURA, Masaaki YOSHIDA, Yasushi OHIZUMI, Tohru YAMAKUNI|date=2009|title=Shishihakuhito, a traditional Chinese medicine for atopic dermatitis, inhibits IgE-mediated histamine release from rat RBL-2H3 basophilic leukocyte cells|url=https://doi.org/10.11339/jtm.26.44|journal=Journal of Traditional Medicines|volume=26|pages=44–49|doi=10.11339/jtm.26.44}}</ref>

2020-yilda gardiya mevasi ekstraktini surunkali iste'mol qilish natijasida odamlarning  terisi ko'k-kulrang rangga o'zgargan  holatlari e'lon qilingan.<ref name="blue">{{jurnal manbasi|last=Mizawa|first1=Megumi|last2=Andoh|first2=Tsugunobu|last3=Shimizu|first3=Tadamichi|date=2020-03-01|title=Gardenia Fruit–Related Blue-Gray Skin Pigmentation|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2759771|journal=JAMA Dermatology|language=en|volume=156|issue=3|pages=351–353|doi=10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.4682|pmid=32022833|issn=2168-6068}}</ref>

=== Kimyo ===

Odatda ''[[Zaʼfaron|Crocus]]'' sativus'dan olinadigan kimyoviy birikma bo'lgan ''Crocetinni Gardenia jasminoides'' mevasidan ham olish mumkin.<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|last=Yamauchi|first1=M|last2=Tsuruma|first2=K|last3=Imai|first3=S|last4=Nakanishi|first4=T|last5=Umigai|first5=N|last6=Shimazawa|first6=M|last7=Hara|first7=H|title=Crocetin prevents retinal degeneration induced by oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses via inhibition of caspase activity|journal=European Journal of Pharmacology|volume=650|issue=1|pages=110–9|year=2011|pmid=20951131|doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.081}}</ref> To'liq pishgan mevalar grammida (quruq vaznda) 4,5&nbsp;mg jami krotsetin hosilalari konsentratsiyasida krosin borligi aniqlangan  va kiyim va oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari uchun sariq bo'yoq<ref name="Valder99">{{kitob manbasi|last=Valder|first=Peter|title=Garden Plants of China|url=https://archive.org/details/gardenplantsofch0000vald_n5x4|publisher=Florilegium|location=Glebe, NSW|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gardenplantsofch0000vald_n5x4/page/289 289]|isbn=1-876314-02-8}}</ref> olishda ishlatilishi mumkin.<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|year=1995|last=Ichi|first1=T|last2=Higashimura|first2=Y|last3=Katayama|first3=T|last4=Koda|first4=T|last5=Shimizu|first5=T|last6=Tada|first6=M|title=Analysis of Crocetin Derivatives from Gardenia|volume=42|issue=10|pages=776–783|doi=10.3136/nskkk.42.776|journal=Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi}}</ref>

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==

* [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/rubiaceae/ Rubiaceae jahon nazorat ro'yxati]
* [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100708104320.htm ''Mast qiluvchi hid: Valium o'rnini bosuvchi yasemin'']

[[Turkum:Bog‘ o‘simliklari]]
[[Turkum:Bo‘yoq olinadigan o‘simliklar]]
[[Turkum:Osiyo dorivor o‘simliklari]]
[[Turkum:Uy o‘simliklari]]