Georges Perec sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Yozuvchi bilgiqutisi
| ismi                       = Georges Perec
| tasvir                     = Myart georges-perec 1978.jpg
| tasvir_eni                 = 
| izoh                       = 
| taxallusi                  = 
| tavallud_paytidagi_ismi    = 
| tavallud_sanasi            = {{birth date|df=yes|1936|3|7}}
| tavallud_joyi = [[Parij]], [[Fransiya]]
| vafot_sanasi = {{death date|df=yes|1982|3|3}}
| vafot_joyi = [[Ivry-sur-Seine]], [[Fransiya]]
| kasbi = [[yozuvchi]], [[prodyuser]]
| ijod_tili = [[fransuz tili]]
| fuqaroligi = {{FRA}}
| taʼlimi =
| alma_mater =
| faoliyat_yillari = [[1965]]—[[1982]]
| janr =
| yoʻnalish =
| shoh_asari =
| turmush_oʻrtogʻi = Paulette Petras
| bolalari =
| otasi = Icek Judko
| onasi = Cyrla (Schulewicz) Peretz
| qarindoshlari =
| mukofotlari =
| imzosi = Firma Perec.svg
| modul =
| veb-sayt = <!-- {{URL|misol.org}} -->
}}

'''Georges Perec''' ({{IPA-fr|ʒoʁʒ peʁɛk|lang}};<ref>Jenny Davidson, ''Reading Style: A Life in Sentences'', Columbia University Press, 2014, p. 107: „I have an almost Breton name which everyone spells as Pérec or Perrec—my name isnʼt written exactly as it is pronounced.“</ref> [[1936-yil]] [[7-mart]]da tugʻilgan) – fransuz yozuvchisi va film prodyuseri [[1936-yil]] [[7-mart]]da [[Fransiya]]ning [[Parij]] shahrida tugʻilgan. U [[Oulipo]] guruhining aʼzosi boʻlgan. Uning otasi [[Ikkinchi jahon urushi]]ning dastlabki davrida askar sifatida ishtirok etgan va halok boʻlgan, onasi esa Holocaustda qurbon boʻlgan. Uning koʻplab asarlari yoʻqchilik, yoʻqotish va shaxsiyat masalalariga bagʻishlangan boʻlib, ularni koʻpincha soʻz oʻyinlari orqali ifodagan<ref name="Bellos1993" />.

== Yoshligi ==
Parijning ishchilar shaharchasida tugʻilgan Perec 1920-yillarda Fransiyaga koʻchib kelgan polshalik yahudiylar Icek Judko and Cyrla (Schulewicz) Peretzning yagona oʻgʻli boʻlgan. U yahudiy yozuvchisi Isaac Leib Peretzning uzoq qarindoshi boʻlgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushi paytida fransuz armiyasiga xizmatga ketgan Perecning otasi [[1940-yil]]da daydi oʻq kelib tegishi tufayli vafot etgan va onasi Holocaustda [[1943-yil]]da oʻldirilgan. Perec [[1942-yil]]da xolasi va amakisi qaramogʻida boʻlgan va [[1945-yil]]da ular tomonidan rasman asrab olingan.

== Karyerasi ==
Perec Sorbonneda [[tarix]] va [[sotsiologiya]] fanlarini oʻrganayotgan paytida taniqli adabiy nashrlar '' La Nouvelle Revue française'' va ''Les Lettres nouvelles'' uchun sharhlar va insholar yozishni boshlagan. 1958–1959-yillarda Perec armiyada desant boʻlib xizmat qilgan va armiyani tark etganidan keyin Paulette Petras bilan oila qurgan. Ular 1960-1961-yillarda [[Tunis]]ning [[Sfaks]] shahrida bir yil davomida yashashgan. Paulette u yerda oʻqituvchi boʻlib ishlagan. Bu tajribalar „Things: A Story of the Sixties“ filmida aks etgan boʻlib, bu film Sfaksda bir yilini oʻtkazgan yosh parijlik er-xotinlar haqida hikoya qilgan.

[[1961-yil]]da Perec CNRS tomonidan moliyalashtiriladigan boʻlimning tadqiqot kutubxonasida neyrofiziologik tadqiqot laboratoriyasida arxivchi xodim sifatida ish boshlagan va bu kam maoshli ishda u [[1978-yil]]gacha faoliyat olib borgan. Baʼzi sharhlovchilarning taʼkidlashicha, ushbu kundalik yozuvlar va turli xil maʼlumotlar uning adabiy uslubiga taʼsir qilgan.
Perecning akademik jurnallarni qayta baholash boʻyicha ishiga Parijda Eugene Garfield tomonidan berilgan ilmiy maʼlumotlarni qayta ishlash haqidagi nutqi taʼsir koʻrsatgan. Perecning Oulipo jamoasiga ham katta taʼsir koʻrsatgan boʻlib, u 1967-yilda ushbu jamoaga qoʻshilgan va Raymond Queneau bilan uchrashgan. Perec oʻzining „La Vie mode d’emploi“ deb nomlangan shoh asarini Raymond Queneauga bagʻishlagan, ammo Raymond asar nashr etilishidan oldin vafot etgan.

1960-yillarda Perec radio eshittirishlari ustida tarjimon Eugen Helmle va musiqachi Philippe Drogoz bilan birgalikda ishlashni boshlagan. Oradan 10 yildan kamroq vaqt oʻtgach u film suratga olishni boshlagan. Uning birinchi filmi „Un Homme qui dort“ asariga asoslangan boʻlib, bu filmni ishlash jarayonida u Bernard Queysanne bilan birgalikda ishlagan va ushbu film uchun Perec [[1974-yil]]da ''Prix Jean Vigo'' mukofotiga sazovor boʻlgan. Shuningdek u [[1976-yil]]dan boshlab u ''Le Point'' jurnali uchun krassvordli oʻyinlarni ham yaratgan.

[[1978-yil]]da yaratilgan „La Vie mode d’emploi“ asari Perecka moliyaviy va ijodiy tomonlama muvaffaqiyat keltirgan va ushbu asar „Prix Médicis“ mukofoti bilan taqdirlangan. U [[Avstraliya]]dagi Queensland Universiteti yotoqxonasida yashab ijod qilgan. U [[1981-yil]]da „53 Jours“ asari ustida ishlayotgan edi, ammo asar oxiriga yetmagan. Avstraliyadan qaytgach uning sogʻligʻi yomonlashgan. Juda koʻp tamaki chakishi tufayli u oʻpka saratoni kasalligiga chalingan. Georges Perec [[1982-yil]] [[3-mart]] kuni Ivry-sur-Seine qishlogʻida 45 yoshida vafot etgan. U ''Père Lachaise Cemetery'' qabristoniga dafn etilgan.

== Faoliyati ==
[[File:Ambigramme_de_Georges_Perec_-_andin_basnoda_a_une_epouse_qui_pue_-_animation.gif|thumb|Georges Perec tomonidan yaratilgan [[Ambigram]]<ref name="PerecLiberation">{{Cite web|title=L'écrit touareg du sable au papier.Un typographe français a retranscrit l'alphabet des hommes du désert.|url=https://www.liberation.fr/culture/1996/07/27/l-ecrit-touareg-du-sable-au-papierun-typographe-francais-a-retranscrit-l-alphabet-des-hommes-du-dese_176184/|date=1996-07-27|access-date=2021-08-07|website=Liberation|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="BasnodaCabinetPerec">{{Cite web|title=Les tristes épousailles d'Andin Basnoda, Pierre di Sciullo & Bernard Magné|url=http://www.cabinetperec.org:80/anciens-numeros/cabinet-1/basnoda/basnoda-article.html|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Cabinet Perec|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205170358/http://www.cabinetperec.org:80/anciens-numeros/cabinet-1/basnoda/basnoda-article.html|archive-date=5 February 2007|language=fr}}</ref>.]]
Perecning koʻplab romanlari va esselarida eksperimental soʻz oʻyinlari, roʻyxatlar va tasniflashga doir urinishlar koʻp va ular odatda gʻamginlikni ifoda etgan.

Perecning [[1965-yil]]da chop etilgan birinchi asari „Les Choses“ [[Prix Renaudot]] mukofotiga sazovor boʻlgan. Perecning eng mashhur romani „La Vie mode d’emploi“ [[1978-yil]]da nashr etilgan. „La Vie mode d’emploi“ asaridagi hikoyalar va gʻoyalar toʻqib chiqarilgan, unda badiiy va tarixiy illyuziyalarga asoslangan Parij aholisi hayoti tasvirlangan. Perec oʻzining murakkab yozuv uslubi bilan ajralib turadi. Uning [[1969-yil]]da nash etilgan 300 sahifali „La disparition“ romani tabiiy gap tuzilishi va toʻgʻri grammatika qoidalariga asosan yozilgan boʻlsada, asarda faqat „e“ harfini oʻz ichiga olmagan soʻzlar ishtirok etgan. Asar ingliz tiliga [[1994-yil]]da „A Void“ nomi ostida Gilbert Adair tomonidan tarjima qilingan. Uning [[1972-yil]]da chop etilgan „Les revenentes“ qissasi esa „La disparition“ romanini toʻldiruvchi oʻziga xos asar boʻlib, unda faqat „e“ harfi ishlatilgan.

Uning „W ou le souvenir d’enfance“ (1975) asari esa avtobiografik asar sifatida talqin etilgan.

David Bellos Perecning bir necha asarlarini tarjima qilgan va u haqida „Georges Perec: A Life in Words“ nomli biografik asar yozgan. Ushbu asar [[1994-yil]]da ''Académie Goncourt'' mukofotini qoʻlga kiritgan.

Parijdagi George Perec assotsiatsiyasi muallif haqida keng arxivlar toʻplamiga ega<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.associationgeorgesperec.fr|title=Association Georges Perec}}</ref>.

Perecning [[1992-yil]]da dastlab nashr etilishi rad etilgan „Gaspard pas mort“ nomli romani yoʻq boʻlib ketgan deya taxmin qilingan, ammo asar Perecning doʻsti Alain Guérinning uyidan David Bellos tomonidan topilgan. Roman bir necha marotaba qayta ishlangan<ref>[http://www.bookforum.com/archive/dec_05/gibbons.html „The Letter Vanishes“] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103132007/https://www.bookforum.com/archive/dec_05/gibbons.html|date=3 November 2018}} by James Gibbons, ''[[Bookforum]]'', December/January 2006</ref> va [[2012-yil]]da „Le Condottière“ nomi ostida nashr etilgan. Asar ingliz tiliga [[2014-yil]]da „Portrait of a Man“ nomi bilan Bellos tomonidan tarjima qilingan<ref>[http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2015/apr/08/georges-perec-lost-novel/ „Georges Perec’s Lost Novel“] by [[David Bellos]], ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', 8 April 2015</ref> The initial title borrows the name Gaspard from the [[Paul Verlaine]] poem „Gaspar Hauser Chante“<ref name="Bellos1993">{{cite book|author=David Bellos|author-link=David Bellos|title=Georges Perec: A Life in Words : a Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/georgespereclife0000bell|url-access=registration|year=1993|publisher=D. R. Godine|isbn=978-0-87923-980-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/georgespereclife0000bell/page/108 108]}}</ref>.

== Mukofotlari ==
[[1982-yil]]da kashf etilgan 2817-sonli asteroid Perec sharafiga nomlangan. [[1994-yil]]da Parijning 20-okrugidagi koʻcha uning nomi bilan atalgan. Fransiya pochta xizmati [[2002-yil]]da uning sharafiga atab marka chiqargan. Yaratgan asarlari uchun Perec [[1965-yil]]da [[Prix Renaudot]], [[1974-yil]]da [[Prix Jean Vigo]] va [[1978-yil]]da [[Prix Médicis]] mukofotlarini qoʻlga kiritgan. U 80 yoshga toʻlgan kunda Googlening bosh sahifasida uning tavalludi aks ettirilgan poster taqdim etilgan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/georges-perecs-80th-birthday/|title=Georges Perec's 80th Birthday|website=www.google.com|access-date=2016-03-07}}</ref>.

== Ishlari ==
=== Kitoblari ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Yili
! Fransuzcha
! Inglizcha tarjimasi
|-
| 1965-yil
| ''Les Choses'' (Paris: René Juillard, 1965)
| ''Things: A Story of the Sixties'', trans. by [[Helen Lane]] (New York: Grove Press, 1967);<br />''[[Things: A Story of the Sixties]]'' in ''Things: A Story of the Sixties & A Man Asleep'' trans. by [[David Bellos]] and Andrew Leak (London: Vintage, 1999)
|-
| 1966-yil
| ''Quel petit vélo à guidon chromé au fond de la cour?'' (Paris: Denoël, 1966)
| ''[[Which Moped with Chrome-plated Handlebars at the Back of the Yard?]]'', trans. by [[Ian Monk]] in ''Three by Perec'' (Harvill Press, 1996)
|-
| 1967-yil
| ''Un homme qui dort'' (Paris: Denoël, 1967)
| ''[[A Man Asleep]]'', trans. by Andrew Leak in ''Things: A Story of the Sixties & A Man Asleep'' (London: Vintage, 1999)
|-
| 1969-yil
| ''La Disparition'' (Paris: Denoël, 1969)
| ''[[A Void]]'', trans. by [[Gilbert Adair]] (London: Harvill, 1994)
|-
| 1969-yil
| ''Petit traité invitant à la découverte de l’art subtil du [[Go (game)|go]]'', with Pierre Lusson and [[Jacques Roubaud]] (Paris: Christian Bourgois, 1969)
| ''A Short Treatise Inviting the Reader to Discover the Subtle Art of Go'', trans. by Peter Consenstein (Cambridge, MA: Wakefield Press, 2019)
|-
| 1972-yil
| ''Les Revenentes'', (Paris: Editions Julliard, 1972)
| ''The Exeter Text: Jewels, Secrets, Sex'', trans. by Ian Monk in ''Three by Perec'' (Harvill Press, 1996)
|-
| 1972-yil
| ''Die Maschine'', (Stuttgart: Reclam, 1972)
| ''The Machine'', trans. by Ulrich Schönherr in „The Review of Contemporary Fiction: Georges Perec Issue: Spring 2009 Vol. XXIX, No. 1“ (Chicago: Dalkey Archive, 2009)
|-
| 1973-yil
| ''La Boutique obscure: 124 rêves'', (Paris: Denoël, 1973)
| ''La Boutique Obscure: 124 Dreams,'' trans. by Daniel Levin Becker (Melville House, 2013)
|-
| 1974-yil
| ''{{ill|Espèces d'espaces|fr}}'' (Paris: Galilée 1974)
| ''Species of Spaces and Other Pieces'', ed. and trans. by [[John Sturrock (writer)|John Sturrock]] (London: Penguin, 1997; rev. ed. 1999)
|-
| 1974-yil
| ''Ulcérations'', (Bibliothèque oulipienne, 1974)
| —
|-
| 1975-yil
| ''W ou le souvenir d’enfance'' (Paris: Denoël, 1975)
| ''[[W, or the Memory of Childhood]]'', trans. by David Bellos (London: Harvill, 1988)
|-
| 1975-yil
| ''Tentative d'épuisement d’un lieu parisien'' (Paris: Christian Bourgois, 1975)
| ''[[An Attempt at Exhausting a Place in Paris]]'', trans. by Marc Lowenthal (Cambridge, MA: Wakefield Press, 2010)
|-
| 1976-yil
| ''Alphabets'' illust. by [[Dado (painter)|Dado]] (Paris: Galilée, 1976)
| —
|-
| 1978-yil
| ''Je me souviens'', (Paris: Hachette, 1978)
| ''Memories'', trans./adapted by Gilbert Adair (in ''Myths and Memories'' London: HarperCollins, 1986);<br />''I Remember'', trans. by Philip Terry and David Bellos (Boston: David R. Godine, 2014)
|-
| 1978-yil
| ''La Vie mode d’emploi'' (Paris: Hachette, 1978)
| ''[[Life: A User's Manual]]'', trans. by David Bellos (London: Vintage, 2003)
|-
| 1979-yil
| ''Les mots croisés'', (Mazarine, 1979)
| —
|-
| 1979-yil
| ''Un cabinet d’amateur'', (Balland, 1979)
| ''A Gallery Portrait'', trans. by Ian Monk in ''Three by Perec'' (Harvill Press, 1996)
|-
| 1980-yil
| ''La Clôture et autres poèmes'', (Paris: Hachette, 1980<ref>Georges Perec: [http://homepage.urbanet.ch/cruci.com/lexique/palindrome.htm „Le grand palindrome“] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105062829/http://homepage.urbanet.ch/cruci.com/lexique/palindrome.htm |date=5 January 2014 }} in ''La clôture et autre poèmes'', Hachette/Collection P. O. L., 1980</ref>
| —
|-
| 1980-yil
| ''Récits d’Ellis Island: Histoires d’errance et d’espoir'', (INA/Éditions du Sorbier, 1980)
| ''Ellis Island and the People of America'' (with [[Robert Bober]]), trans. by [[Harry Mathews]] (New York: New Press, 1995)
|-
| 1981-yil
| ''Théâtre I'', (Paris: Hachette, 1981)
| —
|-
| 1982-yil
| ''Epithalames'', (Bibliothèque oulipienne, 1982)
| —
|-
| 1985-yil
| ''Penser Classer'' (Paris: Hachette, 1985)
|''Thoughts of Sort'', trans. by David Bellos (Boston: David R. Godine, 2009)
|-
| 1986-yil
| ''Les mots croisés II'', (P. O. L.-Mazarine, 1986)
| —
|-
| 1989-yil
| ''53 Jours'', unfinished novel ed. by [[Harry Mathews]] and [[Jacques Roubaud]] (Paris: P. O. L., 1989)
| ''53 Days'', trans. by David Bellos (London: Harvill, 1992)
|-
| 1989-yil
| ''L’infra-ordinaire'' (Paris: Seuil, 1989)
| —
|-
| 1989-yil
| ''Voeux'', (Paris: Seuil, 1989)
| ''Wishes'', trans. by Mara Cologne Wythe-Hall (Cambridge, MA: Wakefield Press, 2018)
|-
| 1990-yil
| ''Je suis né'', (Paris: Seuil, 1990)
| —
|-
| 1991-yil
| ''Cantatrix sopranica L. et autres écrits scientifiques'', (Paris: Seuil, 1991)
| „Cantatrix sopranica L. Scientific Papers“ with [[Harry Mathews]] (London: Atlas Press, 2008)
|-
| 1992-yil
| ''L. G.: Une aventure des années soixante'', (Paris: Seuil, 1992)
| —
|-
| 1993-yil
| ''Le Voyage d’hiver'', 1993 (Paris: Seuil, 1993)
| ''The Winter Journey'', trans. by [[John Sturrock (writer)|John Sturrock]] (London: Syrens, 1995)
|-
| 1994-yil
| ''Beaux présents belles absentes'', (Paris: Seuil, 1994)
| —
|-
| 1999-yil
| ''Jeux intéressants'' (Zulma, 1999)
| —
|-
| 1999-yil
| ''Nouveaux jeux intéressants'' (Zulma, 1999)
| —
|-
| 2003-yil
| ''Entretiens et conférences'' (in 2 volumes, Joseph K., 2003)
| —
|-
| 2008-yil
| ''L’art et la manière d’aborder son chef de service pour lui demander une augmentation'' (Hachette)
| ''The Art of Asking Your Boss for a Raise'', trans. by David Bellos (Verso, 2011)
|-
| 2012-yil
| ''[[Le Condottière]]'' (Éditions du Seuil, 2012)
| ''Portrait of a Man Known as Il Condottiere'', translated by David Bellos (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014)
|-
| 2016-yil
| ''L’Attentat de Sarajevo'' (Éditions du Seuil, 2016)
|-
| 2019-yil
| ''Entretiens, conférences, textes rares, inédits'' (in one volume, 1104 p., Joseph K., 2019)
|}

=== Filmlari ===
* ''Un homme qui dort'', 1974
* ''Les Lieux d’une fugue'', 1975
* ''Série noire'', 1979
* ''Ellis Island''

== Adabiyotlar ==
'''Biografiyasi'''
* ''Georges Perec: A Life in Words'' (1993)

'''Tanqidlar'''
* ''The Poetics of Experiment: A Study of the Work of Georges Perec'' by Warren Motte (1984)
* ''Perec ou les textes croisés'' by J. Pedersen (1985). In French.
* ''Pour un Perec lettré, chiffré'' by J.-M. Raynaud (1987). In French.
* ''Georges Perec'' by Claude Burgelin (1988). In French.
* ''Georges Perec: Traces of His Passage'' by Paul Schwartz (1988)
* ''Perecollages 1981–1988'' by Bernard Magné (1989). In French.
* ''La Mémoire et l’oblique'' by Philippe Lejeune (1991). In French.
* ''Georges Perec: Ecrire Pour Ne Pas Dire'' by Stella Béhar (1995). In French.
* ''Poétique de Georges Perec: „…une trace, une marque ou quelques signes“'' by Jacques-Denis Bertharion (1998) In French.
* ''Georges Perec Et I’Histoire'', ed. by Carsten Sestoft & Steen Bille Jorgensen (2000). In French.
* ''La Grande Catena. Studi su „La Vie mode d’emploi“'' by Rinaldo Rinaldi (2004). In Italian.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* [http://associationgeorgesperec.fr/ L’Association Georges Perec, in French]
* [http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jb.guinot/pages/home.html Je me souviens de Georges Perec – comprehensive site in French by Jean-Benoît Guinot, with extensive bibliography of secondary material and links]
* [http://tsar.mcgill.ca/bibliographie/Georges_Perec Université McGill: le roman selon les romanciers (French)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316154157/http://tsar.mcgill.ca/bibliographie/Georges_Perec |date=16 March 2012 }} Inventory and analysis of Georges Perec non-novelistic writings about the novel
* [http://www.dalkeyarchive.com/reading-georges-perec/ Reading Georges Perec, by Warren Motte]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223065247/http://pages.towson.edu/baker/negative.htm |date=23 December 2007 |title=Perec's "Negative Autobiography" }}
* {{IMDb title|0439793|Récits d'Ellis Island'}}
* {{IMDb title|0192718|Un homme qui dort}}
* {{IMDb title|0357862|Les Lieux d'une fuge}}
* {{IMDb name|0673007}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161116061128/http://www.margencero.com/articulos/articulos2/georgesperec.htm Georges Perèc o la Literatura como Arte Combinatoria. Instrucciones de uso | in Spanish | by Adolfo Vasquez Rocca]
* [http://revista.escaner.cl/node/88 Pensar y clasificar; Georges Perèc, escritor y trapecista | in Spanish | by Adolfo Vasquez Rocca PhD]

{{Prix Renaudot}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Turkum:Fransiyalik yozuvchilar]]
[[Turkum:1936-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:7-martda tugʻilganlar]]