Global shamol atlasi sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[Fayl:Global_Wind_Atlas_2.2.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Global_Wind_Atlas_2.2.png/220px-Global_Wind_Atlas_2.2.png|thumb| Global shamol atlasi veb-saytining skrinshoti (versiya 2.2)]]
'''Global shamol atlasi''' siyosatchilar va investorlarga dunyoning deyarli istalgan nuqtasida shamol energiyasini ishlab chiqarish uchun potentsial kuchli shamolli hududlarni aniqlash va dastlabki hisob-kitoblarni amalga oshirishda yordam berish uchun ishlab chiqilgan veb-ga asoslangan dasturdir. U 200 metr balandlikgacha eng so'nggi ob-havo ma'lumotlari va modellashtirishdan foydalangan holda shamol quvvati zichligi va shamol tezligi haqidagi ma'lumotlarga bepul kirish imkonini beradi. U Daniya Texnik Universitetining (DTU Shamol Energiyasi) Shamol energetikasi bo'limiga tegishli va so'nggi yillarda [[Jahon banki]] bilan yaqin hamkorlikda Energetika sektorini boshqarishga yordam dasturi (ESMAP) tomonidan moliyalashtirilgan holda ishlab chiqilgan.

== Yaratilishi ==
Global Shamol Atlasining (GWA 1.0) asl nusxasi DTU ''Wind Energy'' tomonidan toza energiya vazirligi (CEM) va xususan, [[Germaniya]], [[Ispaniya]] va Daniya boshchiligidagi Quyosh va shamol texnologiyalari bo'yicha CEM ishchi guruhi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan. Daniya energetika agentligining Texnologiyani rivojlantirish va namoyish qilish dasturi (EUDP 11-II, 64011-0347) GWA 1.0 ni Daniyaning ishchi guruh maqsadlariga qo'shgan hissasi sifatida moliyalashtirdi. GWA 1.0 2015-yilda ishga tushirilgan va Xalqaro qayta tiklanadigan energiya agentligi (IRENA) va MASDAR instituti bilan hamkorlikdan foyda ko'rgan. IRENA qayta tiklanadigan energiya global atlasi butun dunyo bo'ylab auditoriyaga GWA 1.0 ma'lumotlarini taqdim etish uchun maxsus platforma yaratdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.irena.org/newsroom/articles/2015/Oct/Seeing-the-Wind-with-the-New-Global-Wind-Atlas|sarlavha=Seeing the Wind with the New Global Wind Atlas}}</ref>. 

2017-yil boshida DTU ''Wind Energy Global'' Shamol Atlasini yangilash va takomillashtirish hamda 2017-yil yanvar oyida Jahon Banki tomonidan ishga tushirilgan Global Quyosh Atlasiga muvofiqlashtirish maqsadida Jahon bankida ESMAP bilan muzokaralarga kirishdi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=17 Jan 2017 |title=New World Bank Tool Helps Map Solar Potential |agency=[[World Bank]] |url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2017/01/17/new-world-bank-tool-helps-map-solar-potential |access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>. ESMAPning qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbalarini baholash va xaritalash bo'yicha mavjud tashabbusi doirasida taqdim etilgan moliyalashtirishdan foydalangan holda, VORTEX FDC  kompaniyasiga 9 km² o'lcham uchun global mezomiqyosda shamol energiyasini modellashtirish topshirildi<ref name="VORTEX_GWA">{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Global Wind Atlas Map VORTEX|sana=22 October 2019|url=https://vortexfdc.com/global-wind-atlas-meets-a-unique-global-3km-era5-driven-dataset-designed-by-vortex/|qaralgan sana=2022-09-08|arxivsana=2022-09-08|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908164111/https://vortexfdc.com/global-wind-atlas-meets-a-unique-global-3km-era5-driven-dataset-designed-by-vortex/}}></ref>. Ushbu ma'lumotlar ''DTU Wind Energy'' kompaniyasiga mikro miqyosdagi modellashtirish uchun dastlabki o'lchamlari 1 km² ga tushirildi. 2018-yil noyabr oyida Global Wind Atlas (GWA 2.0) DTU Wind Energy va Jahon banki tomonidan Niderlandiyaning Amsterdam shahrida boʻlib oʻtgan Wind Europe 2018 konferensiyasida [https://www.nazka.be Nazka Mapps] kompaniyasi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan butunlay qayta ishlangan foydalanuvchi interfeysi asosida ishga tushirildi<ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2017/11/28/mapping-the-worlds-wind-energy-potential Mapping the World's Wind Energy Potential] ''[[World Bank]]'', 28 November 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.vindenergi.dtu.dk/english/news/2017/11/new-global-wind-atlas-to-be-presented-at-windeurope-conference New Global Wind Atlas to be presented at WindEurope Conference] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925180408/http://www.vindenergi.dtu.dk/english/news/2017/11/new-global-wind-atlas-to-be-presented-at-windeurope-conference|date=2018-09-25}} ''[[Technical University of Denmark]]'', 21 November 2017.</ref><ref>Wind Power Monthly. 2017.[https://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1451718/windeurope-2017-global-wind-atlas-launched WindEurope 2017: Global Wind Atlas launched].</ref>.   [[Fayl:Global_Map_of_Wind_Speed.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Global_Map_of_Wind_Speed.png/220px-Global_Map_of_Wind_Speed.png|thumb| Yer sathidan 100 m balandlikda shamol tezligining global xaritasi. |278x278px]]Keyingi modellashtirish ishlaridan so'ng, 2018-yil iyul oyida mikro miqyosda modellashtirish ma'lumotlarining yangi versiyasi chiqarildi (GWA 2.1), bu versiyada 200 m balandikkacha shamol parametrlarini o'lchash mumkin bo'ldi. Buning ortidan 2018-yil sentabrida (GWA 2.2) foydalanuvchi interfeysi bir qator yaxshilanishlar, afisha xaritalarini tayyorlash va yuklab olish uchun yangi vosita hamda turli xatolarni tuzatishlar kiritilgan navbatdagi nashr chiqdi. 2018-yil noyabr oyida eng so'nggi versiya (GWA 2.3) uchta sig'im omili qatlamini, yangi shamol atirgullarini va quvvat zichligini yaxshilangan hisoblashni va boshqa xususiyatlar qatorida GIS fayllarini yuklab olish qobiliyatini taqdim etdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=About: Release Notes|url=https://globalwindatlas.info/about/ReleaseNotes|ish=Global Wind Atlas|nashriyot=DTU Wind Energy|kirish sanasi=30 November 2018}}</ref>. 

Global Shamol Atlasining (3.0) so‘nggi versiyasi 2019-yil 25-oktabrda ishga tushirildi, unda modellashtirishning keyingi uslubiy takomillashuvlari, barcha yangi ma’lumotlar (10 yillik mezomiqyosli vaqt seriyali model simulyatsiyalari asosida), dengizda 200 kilometr masofani qamrab olgan ma’lumotlar qamrovi, ikkita qo'shimcha balandliklar (hozirgi ma'lumotlar yer/dengiz sathidan 10, 50, 100, 150 va 200 m balandlikda), shuningdek, foydalanuvchilarga a) umumiy yoki maxsus shamol turbinasini belgilash va b) har qanday nuqta yoki hudud uchun energiya ishlab chiqarishni baholash uchun yillik energiya ishlab chiqarish, quvvat koeffitsienti yoki to'liq yuklanish soatlari uchun yuklab olinadigan GIS-ma'lumotlarini yaratish kabi funksiyalar qo'shilgan.

== Metodologiyasi ==
Global shamol atlasi mezoskala va mikro miqyosdagi modellashtirishga asoslangan<ref>http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/487951544824248725/Guidance-on-Mesoscale-Wind-Mapping ESMAP, 2018. "Guidance on Mesoscale Wind Mapping". ESMAP Working Paper. Washington, DC: World Bank.</ref>. Vortex tomonidan amalga oshirilgan mezomiqyosli modellashtirish O'rta masofali ob-havo prognozlari bo'yicha Yevropa markazi tomonidan taqdim etilgan ERA oraliq meteorologik qayta tahlil ma'lumotlaridan foydalanadi. Global shamol atlasi kabi vositalar rejalashtirish va boshlang'ich maydonni aniqlash uchun foydali ma'lumotlarni taqdim etishi mumkin bo'lsa-da, ular shamol fermasi loyihalarini baholashda zarur bo'lgan batafsil tahlilning o'rnini bosa olmaydi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Ioannis |first=Papadopoulos |date=30 November 2018 |title=Wind atlases no substitute for on-ground experience |work=Wind Power Monthly |url=https://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1519111/wind-atlases-no-substitute-on-ground-experience |access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>. 

== Foydalanish ==
[[Fayl:Philippines_Wind_Power_Density_Map.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Philippines_Wind_Power_Density_Map.jpg/220px-Philippines_Wind_Power_Density_Map.jpg|thumb| Filippin shamol quvvati zichligi xaritasi yer sathidan 100 m balandlikda. ]]
Global Wind Atlas veb-saytida mavjud bo'lgan ma'lumotlarga qo'shimcha ravishda, foydalanuvchilar WAsP kabi tijorat shamol resurslarini baholash dasturlarida foydalanish uchun afisha xaritalari, GIS ma'lumotlari va Umumiy shamol iqlimi (GWC) fayllarini ham yuklab olishlari mumkin.

Global Shamol Atlasidagi GIS ma'lumotlari qayta tiklanadigan energiya uchun IRENA Global Atlas orqali mavjud va RETScreen dasturiga asosiy shamol ma'lumotlari sifatida kiritilgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6465643559537176577/|sarlavha=Kevin Bourque on LinkedIn: Introduction to the Global Wind Atlas (Webinar)}}</ref>. U hukumatlar, qayta tiklanadigan energiya ishlab chiquvchilari va akademiklar tomonidan qoʻllanadi va 2018-yil oktabr holatiga koʻra oyiga oʻrtacha 7500  foydalanuvchiga ega<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://cphpost.dk/news/south-korea-eyeing-danish-energy-solutions.html|sarlavha=South Korea eyeing Danish energy solutions – the Post|kirish sanasi=16 November 2018|arxivsana=16 November 2018|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116154401/http://cphpost.dk/news/south-korea-eyeing-danish-energy-solutions.html}}</ref>. 

Global shamol atlasi maʼlumotlari Jahon banki guruhi tomonidan 2019-yilda eʼlon qilingan ushbu mavzu boʻyicha hisobotning bir qismi sifatida bir qator rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda offshor shamol texnik salohiyati boʻyicha xaritalar yaratish uchun foydalanilgan<ref>http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/716891572457609829/Going-Global-Expanding-Offshore-Wind-To-Emerging-Markets ESMAP (2019). "Going Global: Expanding Offshore Wind to Emerging Markets". Washington, DC: World Bank.</ref>. Metodologiya 200 km² dan foydalanilgan offshor shamol ma'lumotlarini qamrab olish, 1 km²  bufer zonasi qo'shildi, so'ngra 1 km² gacha bo'lgan har qanday hududlarni xaritaga tushirdi. Tahlil resurs potentsialini qat'iy poydevor va suzuvchi potentsialga ajratadi, bunda 50 m chuqurlikdagi suvning kesishishi qat'iydir. O'shandan beri 55 ta mintaqaviy va mamlakat xaritalari nashr etildi va tahlillar bir qator boshqa nashrlarda keltirildi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Offshore Wind Technical Potential: Maps|url=https://esmap.org/node/197070|ish=ESMAP|nashriyot=World Bank|kirish sanasi=28 May 2020|sana=April 2020|arxivsana=2021-06-25|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625140614/https://esmap.org/node/197070}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Whittaker|first1=Sean|title=The Rising Tide of Offshore Wind|date=May 2020|url=https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/d41d9dc8-1197-47ff-a431-85da5757ddb2/IFC-EnergyNotes-OffshoreWind-WEB.pdf|access-date=28 May 2020|publisher=International Finance Corporation (IFC)|place=Washington, DC}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Snieckus |first=Darius |date=17 May 2020 |title=Black Sea could 'jump up' as new global offshore wind plays emerge: World Bank |work=Recharge |url=https://www.rechargenews.com/transition/black-sea-could-jump-up-as-new-global-offshore-wind-plays-emerge-world-bank/2-1-810130 |access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref>.  

== Yana qarang ==

* Shamol resurslarini baholash
* Shamol kuchi

== Manbalar ==
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= Tashqi havolalar =
* [https://globalwindatlas.info Global shamol atlasi]
* [https://globalsolaratlas.info Global quyosh atlasi]
* [https://energydata.info/ ENERGYDATA.] [https://energydata.info/ MA'LUMOT]