Gravitatsion linzalar sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

 
[[Fayl:A remote light source passing behind a gravitational lens.gif|thumb|231x231px| Yorug'lik manbai gravitatsion linzalari orqasidan o'tadi (rasmning markazida ko'rinmas nuqtaviy massas joylashgan). Aqua rangli doira yorug'lik manbai bo'lib, agar obyektiv bo'lmaganida ko'rinar edi, oq dog'lar esa manbaning bir nechta tasvirlaridir ( Eynshteyn halqasiga qarang).]]
'''Gravitatsion linzalar''' materiyaning taqsimlanishi (masalan, galaktikalar klasteri singari) yoki uzoqdagi yorug'lik manbai va kuzatuvchi o'rtasidagi [[nuqtaviy zarra]]  hisoblanadi yorug'lik kuzatuvchi tomon harakatlanayotganda u manbadan chiqqan yorug'likni egrilashga qodir. Ushbu ta'sir '''gravitatsion linzalar''' sifatida ma'lum. Egrilanish [[Albert Einstein|Albert Eynshteynning]] [[umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi]] bashoratlaridan biridir. <ref name="NYT-20150305-video">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Drakeford |first=Jason |last2=Corum |first2=Jonathan |last3=Overbye |first3=Dennis |date=March 5, 2015 |title=Einstein's Telescope - video (02:32) |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/science/100000003552687/out-there-einsteins-telescope.html |access-date=December 27, 2015}}</ref> <ref name="NYT-20150305">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |date=March 5, 2015 |title=Astronomers Observe Supernova and Find They're Watching Reruns |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/06/science/astronomers-observe-supernova-and-find-theyre-watching-reruns.html |access-date=March 5, 2015}}</ref> Nurni [[Yorugʻlik tezligi|yorug'lik tezligida]] harakatlanadigan [[Yorugʻlikning korpuskulyar nazariyasi|zarrachalar]] sifatida faraz qilib, [[Klassik mexanika|Nyuton fizikasi]] ham yorug'likning egilishini  bashorat qilishi mumkin, ammo u beradigan miqdor umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi beradigan miqdorning faqat yarmi. <ref>{{Kitob manbasi |title=A First Course in General Relativity |last=Bernard F. Schutz |edition=illustrated, herdruk |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-521-27703-7 |page=295 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qhDFuWbLlgQC}}</ref> <ref>{{Kitob manbasi |title=Relativity: Special, General, and Cosmological |last=Wolfgang Rindler |edition=2nd |publisher=OUP Oxford |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-152433-2 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UQpREAAAQBAJ}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=UQpREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA21 Extract of page 21]</ref> <ref>{{Kitob manbasi |title=General Relativity And Relativistic Astrophysics - Proceedings Of The 4th Canadian Conference |last=Gabor Kunstatter |edition= |publisher=World Scientific |year=1992 |isbn=978-981-4554-87-9 |page=100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ukJBDwAAQBAJ}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=ukJBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA100 Extract of page 100]</ref> <ref>{{Kitob manbasi |title=The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life: The Search for Our Cosmic Roots |last=Pekka Teerikorpi |edition=illustrated |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-387-09534-9 |page=165 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNmtKZnUg-sC}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=sNmtKZnUg-sC&pg=PA165 Extract of page 165]</ref>

== Tavsif ==
[[Fayl:Artist's_impression_of_gravitational_lensing_of_a_distant_merger.ogv|thumb| Gravitatsion linzalash – oraliq galaktika oʻzidan ancha orqada joylashgan galaktikaning koʻrinishini oʻzgartiradi (video; rassomning kontseptsiyasi).]]
[[Linza|Optik linzalardan]] farqli o'laroq, nuqtaviyga o'xshash gravitatsion linzalar o'zining markaziga eng yaqin o'tadigan yorug'likning maksimal, markazidan uzoqroqdan o'tadigan yorug'likning minimal og'ishini hosil qiladi. Shunday qilib, gravitatsion linzalarda yagona [[Fokus|fokus nuqtasi]] yo'q, balki fokus chizig'i mavjud. 

Yorug'likning burilishini birinchi kuzatish [[Yulduz|yulduzlarning]] [[Osmon sferasi|osmon sferasida]] Quyosh yaqinidan o'tayotganda burilishini qayd etish orqali amalga oshirildi. Kuzatishlar 1919 yilda [[Arthur Eddington|Artur Eddington]], Frenk Uotson Dayson va ularning hamkorlari tomonidan 29 may kuni to'liq [[quyosh tutilishi]] paytida amalga oshirilgan. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dyson|first1=F. W.|title=A determination of the deflection of light by the Sun's gravitational field, from observations made at the total eclipse of 29 May 1919|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society|volume=220A|issue=571–581|pages=291–333|date=1920|last2=Eddington, A. S.|last3=Davidson C.|doi=10.1098/rsta.1920.0009|bibcode=1920RSPTA.220..291D|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1432106}}</ref> Quyosh tutilishi Quyosh yaqinidagi yulduzlarni kuzatish imkonini berdi. Kuzatishlar bir vaqtning o'zida Braziliyaning Sobral, Seara, Afrikaning g'arbiy sohilidagi [[San-Tome va Prinsipi]] shaharlarida o'tkazildi. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stanley|first1=Matthew|title='An Expedition to Heal the Wounds of War': The 1919 Eclipse and Eddington as Quaker Adventurer|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_isis_2003-03_94_1/page/57|journal=Isis|volume=94|issue=1|pages=57–89|date=2003|doi=10.1086/376099|pmid=12725104|bibcode=2003Isis...94...57S}}</ref> Kuzatishlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, [[Quyosh|Quyoshga]] yaqin o'tayotgan [[Yulduz|yulduzlarning]] yorug'ligi biroz egilgan, shuning uchun yulduzlar o'z joyidan bir oz  siljigan. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dyson|first1=F. W.|date=1 January 1920|title=A Determination of the Deflection of Light by the Sun's Gravitational Field, from Observations Made at the Total Eclipse of May 29, 1919|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences|volume=220|issue=571–581|pages=291–333|bibcode=1920RSPTA.220..291D|doi=10.1098/rsta.1920.0009|last2=Eddington, A. S.|last3=Davidson, C.|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1432106}}</ref>
[[Fayl:Gravitational_lens-full.jpg|left|thumb| Uzoq manbadan kelayotgan va masofaviy obyekt atrofida  egilgan yorug'lik. To'q sariq o'qlar fon manbasining ko'rinadigan vaziyatini ko'rsatadi. Oq o'qlar manbaning haqiqiy vaziyatidan kelayotgan yorug'likning yo'lini ko'rsatadi.]]
Natija ajoyib yangilik hisoblanib, aksariyat yirik gazetalarning birinchi sahifasiga aylandi. Bu Eynshteyn va uning umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasini dunyoga mashhur qildi. 
[[Turkum:Astrofizika]]