H-index sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''H-index''' yoki '''Xirsh indeksi''' — ilmiy nashrlarning samaradorligi hamda ularga berilgan [[Iqtibos ta’siri|iqtiboslar taʼsirini]] oʻlchaydigan mualliflik darajasid agi metrik koʻrsatkich boʻlib, dastlab alohida [[olim]] yoki tadqiqotchi faoliyatini baholash uchun qoʻllanilgan. H-index [[Nobel mukofoti|Nobel mukofotini]] qoʻlga kiritish, ilmiy xodimlar dasturlariga qabul qilinish va yetakchi universitetlarda yuqori lavozimlarni egallash kabi muvaffaqiyat koʻrsatkichlari bilan oʻzaro bogʻliq<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bornmann|first1=Lutz|last2=Daniel|first2=Hans-Dieter|date=July 2007|title=What do we know about the h-index?|journal=Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology|volume=58|issue=9|pages=1381–1385|doi=10.1002/asi.20609|s2cid=31323195}}</ref>. Mazkur indeks olimning eng koʻp iqtibos keltirilgan maqolalari toʻplamiga hamda ushbu maqolalarga boshqa nashrlarda berilgan iqtiboslar soniga asoslanadi. Yaqin davrlardan boshlab ushbu indeks nafaqat alohida olimlar, balki [[Ilmiy jurnal|ilmiy jurnallarning]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suzuki |first=Helder |year=2012 |title=Google Scholar Metrics for Publications |url=http://googlescholar.blogspot.com.br/2012/04/google-scholar-metrics-for-publications.html |website=googlescholar.blogspot.com.br}}</ref>, shuningdek, muayyan olimlar guruhi (kafedra, universitet yoki butun bir mamlakat)ning ham ish samaradorligi va nufuzini baholash uchun qoʻllanila boshlandi<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jones|first1=T.|last2=Huggett|first2=S.|last3=Kamalski|first3=J.|year=2011|title=Finding a Way Through the Scientific Literature: Indexes and Measures|journal=World Neurosurgery|volume=76|issue=1–2|pages=36–38|doi=10.1016/j.wneu.2011.01.015|pmid=21839937}}</ref>. Ushbu koʻrsatkich 2005-yilda Kaliforniya universiteti (San-Diyego) fizigi Jorge E. Hirsch tomonidan nazariy fiziklar faoliyatining nisbiy sifatini aniqlash vositasi sifatida taklif etilgan va baʼzan u H-index yoki Xirsh raqami deb ham ataladi<ref name="Hirsch2005">{{Cite journal|last=Hirsch|first=J. E.|author-link=Jorge E. Hirsch|date=15 November 2005|title=An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output|journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|PNAS]]|volume=102|issue=46|pages=16569–16572|arxiv=physics/0508025|bibcode=2005PNAS..10216569H|doi=10.1073/pnas.0507655102|pmc=1283832|pmid=16275915|doi-access=free}}</ref>.

Jorge E. Hirsch ushbu indeks yordamida boshqa bibliometrik koʻrsatkichlarning asosiy kamchiliklarini bartaraf etishni maqsad qilgan. Zero, nashr etilgan maqolalarning umumiy soni ilmiy ishlar sifatini hisobga olmaydi. Boshqa tomondan esa, iqtiboslarning umumiy soni koʻrsatkichiga juda katta nufuzga ega boʻlgan bitta ilmiy maqoladagi ishtirok kuchli taʼsir koʻrsatishi mumkin (masalan, keng ommalashgan yangi texnika, metod yoki yondashuvlarni taklif qiluvchi metodologik maqolalar juda koʻp miqdorda iqtibos toʻplashi mumkin). Turli ilm-fan sohalarida iqtibos keltirish anʼanalari bir-biridan sezilarli darajada farq qilgani sababli, ushbu indeks faqat bitta sohada faoliyat yuritayotgan olimlarni oʻzaro solishtirishda eng samarali natijani beradi<ref name="LSE2010">{{Cite web |date=19 November 2010 |title=Impact of Social Sciences – 3: Key Measures of Academic Influence |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/the-handbook/chapter-3-key-measures-of-academic-influence/#journals |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=LSE Impact of Social Sciences Blog (Section 3.2) |publisher=London School of Economics |arxivsana=2020-06-16 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616182821/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/the-handbook/chapter-3-key-measures-of-academic-influence/#journals }}</ref>.

H-index ilmiy natijalarning sifati va miqdorini bir vaqtning oʻzida oʻlchashga moʻljallangan. h-indeksining fizika sohasidagi ilmiy mukofotlar bilan Kendall korrelyatsiyasi 2010-yilda 34 foizni tashkil etgan boʻlsa, 2019-yilga kelib nol foizga tushgani aniqlangan<ref name="h-frac">{{Cite journal|last1=Koltun|first1=V|last2=Hafner|first2=D.|year=2021|title=The h-index is no longer an effective correlate of scientific reputation|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=16|issue=6|article-number=e0253397|arxiv=2102.03234|bibcode=2021PLoSO..1653397K|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0253397|pmc=8238192|pmid=34181681|quote=Our results suggest that the use of the h-index in ranking scientists should be reconsidered, and that fractional allocation measures such as h-frac provide more robust alternatives|doi-access=free}} [https://h-frac.org Companion webpage]</ref>.

== Kiritilgan maʼlumotlar ==
H-indexni iqtiboslar bazalaridan foydalangan holda qoʻlda yoki avtomatik vositalar yordamida aniqlash mumkin. „<nowiki/>[[Scopus]]<nowiki/>“ va „<nowiki/>[[Web of Science]]<nowiki/>“ kabi obuna boʻlishni talab qiluvchi maʼlumotlar bazalari avtomatik hisoblagichlarni taqdim etadi. 2011-yil iyul oyidan boshlab „<nowiki/>[[Google]]<nowiki/>“ kompaniyasi oʻzining „<nowiki/>[[Google Scholar]]<nowiki/>“ platformasidagi muallif profillarida avtomatik ravishda hisoblanadigan H-index va i10-indeks koʻrsatkichlarini taqdim etib kelmoqda<ref>[https://scholar.google.com/intl/en/scholar/citations.html Google Scholar Citations Help], retrieved 2012-09-18.</ref>. Bundan tashqari, „<nowiki/>[[INSPIRE-HEP]]<nowiki/>“ kabi maxsus maʼlumotlar bazalari yuqori energiyalar fizikasi sohasida faoliyat yuritayotgan tadqiqotchilar uchun H-indexni avtomatik ravishda hisoblash imkoniyatiga ega.

Manbalar qamrovining turlichaligi sababli, har bir maʼlumotlar bazasi bitta olim uchun turlicha Xirsh koʻrsatkichini chiqarishi ehtimoli yuqori<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bar-Ilan|first=J.|author-link=Judit Bar-Ilan|year=2007|title=Which ''h''-index?: A comparison of WoS, Scopus and Google Scholar|journal=Scientometrics|volume=74|issue=2|pages=257–271|doi=10.1007/s11192-008-0216-y|s2cid=29641074}}</ref>. Batafsil oʻtkazilgan tadqiqot shuni koʻrsatdiki, „Web of Science“ bazasi jurnallardagi nashrlarni juda yaxshi qamrab oladi, biroq yuqori nufuzga ega ilmiy konferensiya materiallarini qamrab olish darajasi past. „Scopus“ konferensiyalarni yaxshiroq qamrab oladi, ammo 1996-yilgacha boʻlgan nashrlarni qamrov darajasi past hisoblanadi; „Google Scholar“ esa konferensiyalar va aksariyat jurnallarni (hammasini boʻlmasa-da) qamrab olish boʻyicha eng yaxshi koʻrsatkichga ega, biroq „Scopus“ kabi uning ham 1990-yilgacha boʻlgan nashrlarni qamrab olish imkoniyati cheklangan<ref name="Meho2007">{{multiref|{{cite journal |last1=Meho |first1=L. I. |last2=Yang |first2=K. |year=2007 |title=Impact of Data Sources on Citation Counts and Rankings of LIS Faculty: Web of Science vs. Scopus and Google Scholar |journal=[[Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology]] |volume=58 |issue=13 |pages=2105–2125 |doi=10.1002/asi.20677}}|{{Cite arXiv |eprint=cs/0612132 |first=K. |last=Yang |title=A New Era in Citation and Bibliometric Analyses: Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar |date=23 December 2006}} (preprint of paper published as 'Impact of data sources on citation counts and rankings of LIS faculty: Web of Science versus Scopus and Google Scholar', in ''Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology'', Vol. '''58''', No. 13, 2007, 2105–2125)}}</ref>. Konferensiya materiallari toʻplamlarining hisobga olinmasligi, ayniqsa, [[informatika]] sohasidagi olimlar uchun jiddiy muammo tugʻdiradi, chunki bu sohada konferensiya materiallari ilmiy adabiyotlarning muhim qismi hisoblanadi<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Meyer|first1=Bertrand|author-link1=Bertrand Meyer|last2=Choppy|first2=Christine|last3=Staunstrup|first3=Jørgen|last4=Van Leeuwen|first4=Jan|author-link4=Jan van Leeuwen|year=2009|title=Research Evaluation for Computer Science|url=http://www.informatics-europe.org/docs/research-eval.php|journal=[[Communications of the ACM]]|volume=52|issue=4|pages=31–34|doi=10.1145/1498765.1498780|s2cid=8625066}}.</ref>. „Google Scholar“ platformasi „arvoh iqtiboslar“ yaratish, iqtiboslar hisobiga norasmiy ilmiy adabiyotlarni ham qoʻshib yuborish hamda qidiruv terminlarini birlashtirishda Bul mantigʻi qoidalariga rioya qilmaslik kabi kamchiliklari uchun tanqid qilinadi. Masalan, Meho va Yang tomonidan olib borilgan tadqiqot shuni koʻrsatdiki, „Google Scholar“ tizimi „Web of Science“ va „Scopus“ bazalari birgalikda aniqlaganidan 53 foiz koʻproq iqtibos topgan, biroq „Google Scholar“ tomonidan aniqlangan ushbu qoʻshimcha iqtiboslarning aksariyati past nufuzli jurnallar yoki konferensiya materiallariga toʻgʻri kelgani sababli, ular olimlarning oʻzaro nisbiy reytingini sezilarli darajada oʻzgartirmagan<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jacsó|first=Péter|year=2006|title=Dubious hit counts and cuckoo's eggs|journal=Online Information Review|volume=30|issue=2|pages=188–193|doi=10.1108/14684520610659201}}</ref>. Bitta tadqiqotchining turli iqtiboslar bazalarida oʻlchangan Xirsh koʻrsatkichlari oʻrtasidagi baʼzan yuzaga keladigan katta tafovutlarni bartaraf etish uchun maʼlumotlar bazalaridagi soxta inkorlar (bor iqtibosni hisobga olmaslik) soxta tasdiqlarga (yoʻq iqtibosni qoʻshib yuborish) qaraganda koʻproq muammo tugʻdiradi deb hisoblash va olim uchun oʻlchangan eng yuqori Xirsh koʻrsatkichini asos qilib olish taklif etilgan<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sanderson|first=Mark|year=2008|title=Revisiting ''h'' measured on UK LIS and IR academics|journal=Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology|volume=59|issue=7|pages=1184–1190|citeseerx=10.1.1.474.1990|doi=10.1002/asi.20771}}</ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|3}}
== Adabiyotlar ==

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{{Refend}}
== Havolalar == 

* [https://scholar.google.com/intl/en/scholar/metrics.html Google Scholar Metrics]
* [http://www.guide2research.com ''H''-index for computer science and electronics]
* [http://ideas.repec.org/top/top.person.hindex.html ''H''-index for economists]
* [http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~palsberg/h-number.html ''H''-index for computer science researchers]
* [http://www.guide2research.com/scientists/ ''H'' - index for computer scientists from Google Scholar]
* [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu ''H''-index for astronomers]
* [https://www.rosenberglab.net/impact.html Publication and Citation-based Impact], listing 252 impact measures for one researcher with link to source code


{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:H-Index}}
[[Turkum:Iqtibos ko‘rsatkichlari]]