HESA Ababil sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{|{{Aircraft boshlanishi
| name = HESA Ababil
| image = Hezbollah Ababil UAV.jpg <!--Please discuss image changes on talk page to gain consensus -->
| caption = [[Hizbulloh]] Ababil-2 UAV, kuzatuv yukiga ega ikki dumli variant, [[Mleeta]], Livanda namoyish etiladi. Ushbu maxsus dron [[Mirsad-1]] sifatida tasvirlangan.
| alt = 
}}{{Aircraft turi
| type = '''Ababil-2''': [[Target drone]]/[[O'q-dorilar]]/Nazorat<br />
'''Ababil-3''': [[Uchuvchisiz kuzatuv va razvedka havo apparati]] va [[Uchuvchisiz jangovar havo apparati]] (qurolli variant)
| national origin = [[Iran]]
| manufacturer = HESA Isfahan factory
| design group = [[Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company]]
| first flight = 1986<ref name="advent">{{veb manbasi|url=https://rasanah-iiis.org/english/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/THE-ADVENT-OF-DRONES-IRAN%E2%80%99S-WEAPON-OF-CHOICE-1.pdf|title=The Advent of Drones: Iran's Weapon of Choice|date=2-iyun 2019-yil|first=Naveed|last=Ahmad|publisher=International Institute for Iranian Studies (Rasanah)|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2025-09-19|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250919073513/https://rasanah-iiis.org/english/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/THE-ADVENT-OF-DRONES-IRAN%E2%80%99S-WEAPON-OF-CHOICE-1.pdf}}</ref>
| introduced = bahsli<!-- Date the aircraft entered or will enter military or revenue service -->
| status = Faol
| primary user = [[Iran]]<!-- Limit one primary user.  Top 4 users listed in 'primary user' and 'more users' fields based on number of their fleets. -->
[[Tajikistan]]
| more users = [[Sudan]]<br />[[Syria]]<br />[[Iraq]]<!-- Limit is three (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br />. See Operators section for others. -->
| produced = 1980dan-hozirgi kungacha
| number built = 370 <small>(2006)</small>{{citation needed|date=2020-yil dekabr}}
}}
|}

'''HESA Ababil''' ({{lang-fa|ابابیل}}) — ''Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company'' (HESA) tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan bir dvigatelli koʻp maqsadli taktik [[uchuvchisiz uchish apparati]]. Ababil ikkita asosiy turlari mavjud: Ababil-2 va Ababil-3. Ularning bir nechta variantlari mavjud. U uzoq masofali, past texnologiyali dron hisoblanadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR449.html|sarlavha=Armed and Dangerous? UAVs and U.S. Security|nashriyot=RAND Corporation|muallif=Davis, Lynn E., Michael J. McNerney, James S. Chow, Thomas Hamilton, Sarah Harting, and Daniel Byman|sana=2014}}</ref>.

Ababil dasturi [[Eron-Iroq urushi]] paytida boshlangan. 1990-yillarda ishlab chiqilgan Ababil-2 oddiy kuzatuv qobiliyatiga ega va oʻq-dori sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin, lekin asosan nishonga oid uchuvchisiz samolyot sifatida ishlatiladi. 2000-yillarda taqdim etilgan kattaroq va koʻproq funksiyalarga ega Ababil-3 razvedka, kuzatuv va nazorat qilish maqsadlarida foydalanish uchun moʻljallangan boʻlib, kuzatuv imkoniyatlarini yaxshilagan.  Umuman olganda, Ababil „arzon, sodda va foydalanish qulayligi“ tufayli „juda qulay va tayyor tizim“ deb taʼriflangan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/transmission-iran-drones-syria/24680025.html|sarlavha=Are These Really Iranian Drones?|nashriyot=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|ism=Zach|muallif=Peterson|sana=17-avgust 2012-yil}}</ref>.

Ababil-2 va Ababil-3 Yaqin Sharq va boshqa mamlakatlardagi hukumatlar va harbiylashtirilgan kuchlarga keng koʻlamda eksport qilingan. Ababil 2006-yilgi Livan urushi, [[Iroq urushi]] va Sudan, Suriya, Iroq va Yamandagi fuqarolar urushlarida foydalanilgan. 

== Rivojlanishi ==
Ababilning dastlabki kelib chiqish tarixi aniq emas. Janeʼning xabar berishicha, Ababil dasturi Qods Aviation Industries kompaniyasida 1986-yilda boshlangan va birinchi yetkazib berish 1993-yilda toʻgʻri keladi<ref name="iaia">{{Kitob manbasi|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft: Unmanned 2014–2015|year=2014|editor=Martin Streetly|publisher=IHS Jane's|location=London|isbn=978-0-7106-3096-4|pages=79–80}}</ref>. Eronlik harbiy ekspert Galen Raytning yozishicha, dastur 1980-yillarning oʻrtalarida Iran Electronics Industries kompaniyasida boshlangan va 1986-yilda Eron-Iroq urushida foydalanish mumkin boʻlgan sharoitda ommaviy ishlab chiqarish boshlangan. 

== Dizayni ==
[[Fayl:AbibilUAV.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/AbibilUAV.png/220px-AbibilUAV.png|thumb| Ababil-R ning pnevmatik yuk mashinasidan ishga tushirilishi.]]

Ababil silindrsimon fyuzelyajga, orqaga surish vertikal qanotiga va itaruvchi dvigatelga ega<ref name="iaia" />. U orqaga oʻrnatilgan qanotli oddiy ikki qanotli itaruvchi pervanel bilan ishlaydi va yaxshi tutib turish, barqarorlik va manevr xususiyatlari uchun oldingi kanardga ega. Barcha variantlarda 100 dan ortiq diapazonga ega va barcha variantlar butunlay metall konstruktsiya bilan taʼminlangan<ref name="iaia"/>.

Ababil nol uzunlikdagi JATO platformasidan yoki Mercedes Benz 911 pnevmatik yuk mashinasidan ishga tushirilishi mumkin<ref name="iaia"/>. Raketa uchirish tizimi kema palubasidan ishlatilishi mumkin va portativlik uchun yigʻilishi yoki parchalanishi mumkin. Qayta tiklash uchun parashyut 4 m/s tushish tezligini taʼminlaydi yoki skidlarni uchish-qoʻnish yoʻlagi yoki maydonga odatiy qoʻnish uchun ishlatish mumkin. Baʼzi samolyot korpuslari qoʻnish moslamalari bilan ham koʻrilgan. 

== Variantlari ==
Ababil bir qancha mukammal boʻlmagan hujjatlashtirilgan variantlarda qurilgan{{Efn|A number of sources report a spurious "Ababil-5" designation based on a misreading of the name Ababil-S.}}.

=== Ababil-1 ===
Ababil-1 1980-yillarda ishlab chiqarilganilk avlod droni edi. Uning texnik xususiyatlari nomaʼlum, maʼlum fotosuratlar yoʻq va u qachonlardir jangovar harakatlarda ishlatilganmi yoki yoʻqmi nomaʼlum. U xizmatdan chiqqan deb ishoniladi. 

Bir manbaning yozishicha, Ababil-1 aslida Ababil-2 ning prototipi yoki ishlab chiqarishdan oldingi versiyasi boʻlgan. U 40kg portlovchi moddalarga ega [[kamikadze]] dron sifatida tasvirlangan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.pahpad.com/fa/news/348/%da%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86-%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d9%be%d9%87%d9%be%d8%a7%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%af%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%b3%db%8c%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%a7-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7|sarlavha=چهارمین قدرت پهپادی دنیا ؛ از سینما تا جهان نما|ism=موسسه پرنده های هدایت پذیر از|muallif=دور|ish=موسسه پرنده های هدایت پذیر از دور|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2023-11-30|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130100512/https://www.pahpad.com/fa/news/348/%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7}}</ref>.

=== Ababil-2 ===
[[Fayl:Ababil.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Ababil.png/220px-Ababil.png|thumb| Rassomning Ababil-2 haqidagi taassurotlari]]
Ababil-2 takomillashtirilgan parvozni boshqarish tizimiga ega. Jaynʼning xabar berishicha, Ababil-2 birinchi parvozini 1997-yilda amalga oshirgan. Galen Rayt esa 1992-yilda ishlab chiqarishga kirgan. Ikkala manba ham Ababil-2 1999-yilda ommaga oshkor qilinganiga rozi boʻlgan<ref name="iaia"/>. Baʼzi manbalarda Ababil-2 ham '''Ababil-II''' deb nomlanadi.

==== Maqsadli dron ====
Eng keng tarqalgan Ababil-2 varianti havo hujumidan mudofaa ekipajlarini tayyorlash uchun foydalaniladigan maqsadli dron variantidir. Ababil variantlarining nomi nomaʼlum, ammo Jaynʼning xabar berishicha, bu variant '''Ababil-B''' deb ataladi<ref name="iaia"/>. Ababil-B missiyasining foydali yuklari akustik masofa koʻrsatkichlari, [[Infraqizil nurlanish|infraqizil]] qurilmalar va radar reflektorlaridir<ref name="iaia" />. Bu variant eng oldingi Ababil-2 variantidir va u 2001-yildan foydalana boshlangan<ref>Interavia: Business & Technology, Issues 649-659 (2001)</ref>.

==== Nazorat ====
[[Fayl:Ababil-B_2006.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ababil-B_2006.jpg/220px-Ababil-B_2006.jpg|thumb| Eron Ababil-B JATO ishga tushirgichda.]]
Ababil-2 kuzatuv variantining nomi ham xuddi shunday noaniq, ammo Jany’ning xabarlariga koʻra, bu '''Ababil-S''' deb ataladi.

==== Ikki dumli variant ====
Ababil-2, shuningdek, egizak dumli variantda mavjud boʻlib, baʼzi (lekin hammasi emas) manbalarda '''Ababil-T''' deb nomlanadi<ref name="iaia"/>. Bu variant kuzatuv, maqsadli dron yoki bir martalik zarba beruvchi oʻq-dori yuklari bilan jihozlanishi mumkin. U Hizbulloh tomonidan boshqariladigan „Mirsad-1“ UBA bilan bir xil boʻlishi mumkin<ref name="iaia" /> va husiylar xizmatida „Qasef-1“ deb oʻzgartirilgan boʻlishi mumkin<ref name="conflictarm201703">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.conflictarm.com/download-file/?report_id=2465&file_id=2467|sarlavha='Kamikaze' drones used by Houthi forces to attack Coalition missile defence systems|nashriyot=Conflict Armament Research|sana=2017-yil mart}}</ref>.

==== Ababil-CH ====
Ababil-CH ning Ababil-T kabi ikkita orqa dumi bor, Ababil-B kabi maqsadli dron sifatida ishlatiladi<ref name="iaia"/>. U Ababil-T dan biroz kattaroq<ref name="conflictarm201703"/>.

==== Qasef-1 ====
Qasef-1 va Qasef-2K oʻq-dorilar ortiladigan versiyalari Ababil-2 samolyot korpusiga asoslangan va 30 kilogrammli jangovar kallakka ega<ref name="Janes201703">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.janes.com/article/68423/yemeni-rebels-display-uavs|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302184730/http://www.janes.com/article/68423/yemeni-rebels-display-uavs|arxivsana=2 March 2017|sarlavha=Yemeni rebels display UAVs|sana=2-mart 2017-yil|nashriyot=IHS Jane's|muallif=Jeremy Binnie}}</ref>. U faqat [[Yaman]] husiylari tomonidan boshqarilgan, ular asosan MIM-104 Patriot yer-havo raketalarining radar qismlariga hujum qilish uchun foydalanganlar<ref name="conflictarm201703"/>. Qasef-1 2016-yil oxiridan beri foydalanilmoqda va baʼzi misollar Yamanga tranzit paytida aniqlangan.<ref name="conflictarm201703" /> Bu [[Portlovchi moddalar|portlovchi]] zaryad yoki jangovar kallak oʻrnatilgan Ababil-T nomini oʻzgartirgan yoki oʻzgartirilgan boʻlishi mumkin<ref name="conflictarm201703" />.

Husiylar Qasef-1 samolyotlarini oʻzlari ishlab chiqarganini daʼvo qilmoqda, ammo bu daʼvo bahsli va u Eronda ishlab chiqarilgan degan shubha keng tarqalgan<ref name="conflictarm201703"/>.

[[Fayl:Ababil-3.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chitgar_Naval_Exhibition_-_Ababil-3.jpg/220px-Chitgar_Naval_Exhibition_-_Ababil-3.jpg|thumb| Eronning Ababil-3. Eʼtibor bering, oʻrta tana qanoti, egizak dumi va gorizontal dumi bilan Ababil-3 boshqa Ababillardan juda farq qiladi.]]

=== Ababil-3 ===
Ababil-3 — bu Ababilning toʻliq qayta ishlanga versiyasi boʻlib, takomillashtirilgan havo korpusi faqat kuzatuv uchun ishlatiladi. u yaxshi jihozlarga ega va havoda uzoqroq vaqt davomida turishi mumkin. Baʼzi manbalarda Ababil-3 ham '''Ababil-III''' deb atalgan. Ababil-3 [[Janubiy Afrika Respublikasi|Janubiy Afrikaning]] Denel Dynamics Seeker va xususan, Seeker-2D modeliga asoslangan deb taxmin qilinadi. U Ababil-2 ga qaraganda kengroq eksport qilinadi va 2008-yilga kelib ishlab chiqarilayotgani maʼlum. 2006-yilda ishlab chiqarilgan oʻziga xos modellarga ega<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.uasvision.com/2020/04/02/is-irans-ababil-3-a-bribe-from-a-south-african-telco/|sarlavha=Is Iran's Ababil 3 a Bribe from a South African Telco ? &#124; UAS VISION|sana=2-aprel 2020-yil}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/iran%E2%80%99s-ababil-3-drone-might-be-bribe-south-african-telecom-company-139057|sarlavha=The National Interest: Blog}}</ref>.
[[Fayl:Ababil_III_video_sample.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ababil_III_video_sample.jpg/220px-Ababil_III_video_sample.jpg|thumb| Ababil-3 real vaqtda video saqlashi mumkin.]]
Ababil-3 silindrsimon korpusga ega boʻlib, qanotlari tepaga oʻrnatilgan, korpusning oxirida esa H shaklidagi egizak dium joylashgan. Qanot dizayni toʻrtburchak boʻlib, uning yarmidan keyin qanot uchlari tomon torayib boradi. Ababil-3 qanotlari kengligi taxminan 7 metr, Ababil-2da esa 3 metr<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.janes.com/article/50922/hizbullah-airstrip-revealed|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718124644/http://www.janes.com/article/50922/hizbullah-airstrip-revealed|arxivsana=18 July 2015|sarlavha=Hizbullah airstrip revealed|sana=23-aprel 2015-yil|nashriyot=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|muallif=Nicholas Blanford}}</ref>. Bu nemis kompaniyasi Limbach Flugmotoren dvigatelidan foydalanadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.generalbundesanwalt.de/de/showpress.php?newsid=467|sarlavha=Der Generalbundesanwalt beim Bundesgerichtshof: Pressemitteilung|ish=www.generalbundesanwalt.de|sana=20-fevral 2013-yil|qaralgan sana=24-oktabr 2022-yil|arxivsana=30-mart 2019-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330114943/http://www.generalbundesanwalt.de/de/showpress.php?newsid=467}}</ref>, yooki Limbach L550E boʻlishi ham mumkin<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08STATE50301_a.html|sarlavha=UAE-Based Intermediary Working to Supply Iranian Entity with German-Origin Uav Engines|sana=12-may 2008-yil|muallif=US State Department|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2021-12-02|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202071001/https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08STATE50301_a.html}}</ref>. Boshqa manbalarga koʻra, Ababil-3 L550 ning Xitoy yoki Eron klonlari tomonidan quvvatlanadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.uskowioniran.com/2014/01/pahpad-ab-3-uav-powerplant.html|sarlavha=Pahpad AB-3 UAV powerplant|ism=Mark|muallif=Pyruz}}</ref>. Ababil-3 ichidagi boshqa alohida qismlar irlandiyalik mudofaa pudratchilaridan olingan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.thejournal.ie/parts-made-by-irish-manufacturer-found-in-sudan-drone-426669-Apr2012/|sarlavha=Parts made by Irish manufacturer found in Sudan drone - reports|ism=Jennifer|muallif=Wade|ish=TheJournal.ie}}</ref>.
[[Fayl:Qasef-1_composition.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Qasef-1_composition.jpg/220px-Qasef-1_composition.jpg|thumb| Yamandagi husiylardan saqlab qolingan Qasef-1da koʻrilgan Ababil-Tning shisha tolali konstruktsiyasi aniq koʻrinib turibdi.]]
Iroqda [[Iroq va Shom Islom Davlati|IShID]] nazorati ostidagi hududda urib tushirilgan Ababil-3 samolyotining tahlili, ehtimol mexanik nosozlik tufayli, Ababil-3 kompozit materiallardan qurilganini aniqladi<ref name="auto">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://inteloniran.blogspot.com/2017/02/technical-commentary-on-captured.html|sarlavha=Intel on Iran: Technical commentary on a captured Iranian UAV|ism=Mark|muallif=Pyruz|sana=13-fevral 2017-yil}}</ref>. Elektr sxemasi tekis sirtli silindrli kallaklarga ega edi. Dvigatel Eron yoki Xitoyda ishlab chiqarilganmi yoki yoʻq aniq emas. Umuman olganda, ishlab chiqarish „juda tejamkor“ edi va Ababil-3 arzon narxlarda ishlab chiqilgan<ref name="auto" />. Urib tushirilgan Ababil-3 modelida ham bir qator nuqsonlar bor boʻlib, ular yomon ishlab chiqarish yoki dalada ishlov berishni koʻrsatishi mumkin boʻlgan<ref name="auto" />.

Ababil-3 samolyotlari [[Bandar-Abbos|Bandar Abbos]] yaqinidagi Minob shahri tashqarisidagi havo maydonida joylashgan<ref name="offiziere.ch">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.offiziere.ch/?p=27907|sarlavha=Drone Activity in Iran|muallif=Dan Gettinger|qaralgan sana=31-dekabr 2018-yil|arxivsana=12-avgust 2020-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812185823/https://www.offiziere.ch/?p=27907}}</ref>. Ababil-3 samolyotlari Bandar Abbos xalqaro aeroportida joylashgani ham maʼlum<ref name="offiziere.ch" />. Uni Ababil-3 RQ-2 bilan solishtirish mumkin boʻlgan versiyasi<ref name="offiziere.ch" />.

Ababil-3 ning havodagi maksimal tezligi {{Convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, uning diapazoni {{Convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} ga teng (qaytish) va u {{Convert|5,000|m|ft|abbr=on}} xizmat koʻrsatish chegarasiga ega. Uning uchish davomiyligi 4 soat. 2019-yil iyul oyi holatiga koʻra, 217 ta Ababil-3 ishlab chiqarilgan. 

2014-yilda Eron Ababil-3 uchun tungi koʻrish qobiliyatini ishlab chiqqanini eʼlon qildi<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/iranian-made_ababil-3_swallow-3_drone_is_now_equipped_with_night_vision_capability_0207143.html Iranian-made Ababil-3 Swallow-3 drone is now equipped with night vision capability] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712220001/http://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/iranian-made_ababil-3_swallow-3_drone_is_now_equipped_with_night_vision_capability_0207143.html |date=2017-07-12 }} — Armyrecognition.com, 2 July 2014</ref>. Avvalgi Ababil variantlari kunduz kunlarida foydalanishda eng samarali boʻlgan. 2020-yildan boshlab Eron Ababil-3 dronining qurolli versiyalariga ega<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.janes.com/article/95629/iran-unveils-armed-ababil-3-uav|sarlavha=Janes &#124; Latest defence and security news}}</ref>.

Ababil-3 samolyotlari Suriyadagi fuqarolar urushida keng qoʻllangan<ref name="winter">{{jurnal manbasi|last=Lucas Winter|date=2015-yil aprel|title=Special Look: Counter UAV.|journal=Operational Environment Watch: Foreign News & Perspectives of the Operational Environment|volume=5|issue=4|pages=12|publisher=Foreign Military Studies Office}}</ref>. Rejim tarafdori kuchlarning xilma-xilligi ulardan foydalanishni kim boshqarishi yoki nazorat qilishini aniqlashni qiyinlashtiradi<ref name="winter" />. Ababil-3 2019-yil iyul oyida Pokiston hududida qulagan yoki urib tushirilgan. 

== Operatsion tarixi ==

=== Livan ===
[[Fayl:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Hezbollah_UAV.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Hezbollah_UAV.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Hezbollah_UAV.jpg|thumb| Hizbulloh Ababil-2ning vayronalari 2006-yil 7-avgustda uchirilgan.]]
Hizbulloh 2002-yilda Ababil-2 dronlarini (egizak dumli variant) sotib oldi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4221414,00.html|sarlavha=Hezbollah boosting drone unit|sana=27-aprel 2012-yil|nashriyot=Ynetnews|muallif=Ronen Bergman}}</ref> va ularni Mirsad-1 nomi ostida boshqargan. [[Isroil]] 2006-yilgi Livan urushidan oldin Hizbulloh kamida 12 Ababil olganini aytgan<ref name="lamb">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Lambeth, Benjamin S. |year=2011 |title=Air operations in Israel's war against Hezbollah: learning from Lebanon and getting it right in Gaza |publisher=RAND Corporation |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG835.html |access-date=14-avgust 2018-yil}}</ref>. Mojaro paytida uchta Ababil uchirilgan.

Birinchi Ababil 2006-yil 7-avgustda Shimoliy Isroil sohillarida Isroil F-16 tomonidan urib tushirilgan. Ikkinchi Ababil 13-avgust kuni Livan hududida qulagan. Hizbulloh tomonidan joylashtirilgan uchinchi Ababil Isroilning shimoliy chegarasida yana F-16 tomonidan urib tushirildi<ref name="lamb"/>. Hizbulloh 2009-yilda bir nechta Ababil uchuvchisiz uchoqlariga ega deb baholangan<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|url=https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09TELAVIV2501_a.html|title=40th Jpmg: Countersmuggling Technical Discussion (part 2 of 4)}}</ref>, ammo boshqa hisob-kitoblarga koʻra 12 dan 24-30 gacha boʻlgan. 2018-yilga kelib Hizbulloh Mirsad-1 xizmatidan chiqqanini eʼlon qildi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://central-media.org/33806/634|sarlavha=الإعلام الحربي المركزي-في ذكرى #نصر_تموز... قوة #المقاومة الجوية حاضرة في #مليتا|ish=central-media.org|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2022-10-25|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025072912/https://central-media.org/33806/634}}</ref>.

Hizbulloh Livanning [[Biqo vodiysi|Bekaa vodiysida]] ham katta havo yoʻlagi qurgan. Ushu koy samolyot yoʻlagidan kattaroq, uchish-qoʻnish yoʻlagidan uchiriladigan Ababil-3 uchuvchisiz uchoqlarni qoʻllab-quvvatlashi mumkin degan taxminlar bor<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://medium.com/war-is-boring/this-new-airstrip-could-be-home-to-hezbollah-s-drones-bdec97ff36a8|sarlavha=New Airstrip Could Be Home to Hezbollah's Drones|ism=Adam|muallif=Rawnsley|sana=25-aprel 2015-yil|nashriyot=War is Boring}}</ref>. Hizbullohning Ababil-3ni boshqarishi aniq maʼlum emas.

=== Sudan ===
Ababil-3 Sudan bilan xizmatda. 2008-yilda Ababil-3 kuzatuv missiyasini bajarayotganda halokatga uchragan yoki urib tushirilgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://medium.com/war-is-boring/sudans-drones-are-dropping-like-flies-ffa1be165291|sarlavha=Sudan's Drones Are Dropping Like Flies|ism=Peter|muallif=Dörrie|sana=5-may 2014-yil|nashriyot=War is Boring}}</ref>.

2012-yil 13-mart kuni Janubiy Kordofanning Toroji yaqinida yana bir sudanlik Ababil jangda yoʻqolgan<ref name="SAS Kordofan">{{Kitob manbasi|url=http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/facts-figures/arms-ammunition-tracing-desk/HSBA-Tracing-Desk-SAF-weapons-SK.pdf|series=HSBA Arms and Ammunition Tracing Desk|title=SAF weapons documented in South Kordofan|publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]]|date=2012-yil aprel|page=3|chapterurl=http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/facts-figures/arms-ammunition-tracing-desk/HSBA-Tracing-Desk-SAF-weapons-SK.pdf|access-date=2022-10-24|archive-date=2020-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022153116/http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/facts-figures/arms-ammunition-tracing-desk/HSBA-Tracing-Desk-SAF-weapons-SK.pdf}}</ref>. Sudanlik SPLA-N isyonchilari uni yerdan otishma yordamida urib tushirganliklarini aytishdi, Sudan hukumati esa bu mexanik nosozlik tufayli boʻlganini aytdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Warplanes: Iranian UAVs In Africa|url=http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htairfo/articles/20120318.aspx|kirish sanasi=9-aprel 2012-yil|sana=18-mart 2012-yil}}</ref> 

=== Iroq ===
[[Fayl:Ababil_UAV.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ababil_UAV.jpg/220px-Ababil_UAV.jpg|thumb| Ababil-2 ning pastki qismi.]]
2009-yil 16-mart kuni [[Iroq|Iroqda]] faoliyat yuritayotgan Amerikaning F-16 samolyoti 2009-yil 25-fevralda Iroq havo hududi orqali „deyarli bir soat 10 daqiqa“ parvoz qilgan Eronning Ababil 3 uchuvchisiz samolyotini urib tushirdi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=16-mart 2009-yil |title=Iranian drone 'shot down in Iraq' |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7946758.stm |access-date=16-mart 2009-yil}}</ref>. Dron Bagʻdoddan 60 milya shimoli-sharqda, Iroq hududidan 12 milya ichkarida, [[Diyala muhofazoti|Diyala viloyatidagi]] Balad Ruz shahri yaqinida qulagan. Iroq Mudofaa va Ichki ishlar vazirliklari rasmiylari uchuvchisiz samolyot Eron qurollarini mamlakatga noqonuniy olib kirish yoʻllarini qidirib yurgan boʻlishi mumkinligini taxmin qilishdi<ref>Shadid, Anthony, „U.S. Downed Iranian Drone Over Iraq“, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', p. 9.</ref>. Biroq, ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'', uchuvchisiz samolyot Iroqdagi eronlik dissidentlarni, masalan, uchuvchisiz samolyot halokatga uchragan joyga yaqin joylashgan Ashraf Kampidagilarni kuzatayotganini taxmin qildi<ref>Nordland, Rod, and [[Alissa J. Rubin]], „[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/17/world/middleeast/17iraq.html U.S. Says It Shot Down An Iranian Drone Over Iraq]“, ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 17, 2009.</ref>. Iroq mudofaa vazirligining harbiy operatsiyalar boʻlimi boshligʻi Abdul Aziz Muhammad Jassimning taʼkidlashicha, dron „10km Iroq ichiga kirishda xato boʻlgan boʻlishi mumkin“<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=16-mart 2009-yil |title=Iranian drone 'shot down in Iraq' |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7946758.stm |access-date=23-aprel 2010-yil}}</ref>.

Yaqinda Ababil-3 PUAlari Iroqdagi fuqarolar urushida keng qoʻllandi<ref name="winter"/>. Ulardan foydalanish 2014-yilning yozida [[Mosulning qulashi|, Mosul qulaganidan]] koʻp oʻtmay, Rashid havo bazasidan boshlangan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/26/world/middleeast/iran-iraq.html|sarlavha=Iran Secretly Sending Drones and Supplies Into Iraq, U.S. Officials Say|ish=New York Times|sana=25-iyun 2014-yil|muallif=Michael R. Gordon and Eric Schmitt}}</ref>.

=== Eron ===
Eron Ababil UBAlarning asosiy operatori hisoblanadi. Eron asosan havo hujumidan mudofaa ekipajlarini oʻqitish uchun koʻp sonli Ababil-2 BUAlarini boshqaradi va kuzatuv uchun Ababil-3 UBAlardan foydalanadi. 

=== Suriya ===
Ababil-3 PUAlari 2012-yildan beri Suriyadagi fuqarolar urushida foydalanilmoqda<ref>Dan Gettinger, (December 2016) ''Drones Operating in Syria and Iraq''.</ref>. Ular juda koʻp ishlatilgan va urushda eng koʻp qoʻllaniladigan BUAlardan biri<ref name="serr">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://medium.com/war-is-boring/a-bunch-of-iranian-drones-have-crashed-in-iraq-a7610cdb815b|sarlavha=A Bunch of Iranian Drones Have Crashed in Iraq|ism=Adam|muallif=Rawnsley|sana=14-fevral 2015-yil|nashriyot=War is Boring}}</ref>. Ular ayniqsa, [[Damashq]]da koʻp uchraydi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://osimint.com/2014/01/08/uavs-over-syria/|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027080129/http://osimint.com/2014/01/08/uavs-over-syria/|arxivsana=27 October 2014|sarlavha=UAVs Over Syria|sana=27-oktabr 2014-yil|nashriyot=Open Source IMINT|muallif=Galen Wright}}</ref>.

=== Gʻazo ===
2014-yilning 14-dekabrida HAMAS jangarilari tashkilot tashkil etilganining 27 yilligiga bagʻishlangan Gʻazo sektoridagi parad ustidan uchuvchisiz havo vositasida uchib oʻtishdi. Isroil manbalari samolyot Eronda ishlab chiqarilgan Ababil ekanligini aniqladi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Israel scrambles fighters as Hamas parades Ababil UAV|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/israel-scrambles-fighters-as-hamas-parades-ababil-uav-407115/|sana=15 December 2014|muallif=Arie Egozi|nashriyot=FlightGlobal}}</ref>. 2021-yilgi mojaroda ham foydalanilgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha="So găng" dàn vũ khí uy lực đốt nóng chảo lửa Gaza của Israel - Hamas|url=https://dantri.com.vn/the-gioi/so-gang-dan-vu-khi-uy-luc-dot-nong-chao-lua-gaza-cua-israel-hamas-20210515162532761.htm}}</ref>.

=== Yaman ===
[[Fayl:Qasef-1.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Qasef-1.jpg/220px-Qasef-1.jpg|thumb| Yamandan Qasef-1 samolyotining boʻlaklari.]]
Husiy isyonchilar Saudiya va Amirlik radar batareyalarini nishonga olish uchun „Qassef-1“ nomi ostida Ababil-T oʻq-dorilari dronlarini ishlatgan. Husiylarga koʻra, „Qassef-2K“ nomli dronning yangi varianti havoda 20 metr balandlikdan portlash va nishonga yomgʻir parchalari kabi tushishi uchun moʻljallangan va koalitsiya nazorati ostidagi [[Yaman|Yamandagi]] Al Anad havo bazasi 6 kishini oʻldirish uchun ishlatilgan<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=10-yanvar 2019-yil |title=Houthi rebel drone kills several at Saudi coalition military parade |publisher=France 24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190110-houthi-shiite-rebel-drone-kills-saudi-coalition-military-parade-yemen}}</ref>. Najron, Ar-Riyoddan 840 km janubi-gʻarbda Saudiya-Yaman chegarasida ham husiylarning uchuvchisiz uchoqlari hujumlarini olmoqda<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/yemen-houthi-rebels-attack-saudi-najran-airport-190523140308211.html|sarlavha=Yemen's Houthi rebels attack Saudi's Najran airport – again}}</ref>.

2019-yil 14-sentabrda Saudiya Arabistonining neft infratuzilmasiga husiylar hujumidan soʻng, Saudiya Arabistoni raketalar bilan qurollangan F-15 qiruvchi samolyotlariga MIM-104 Patriot<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/iranian-backed-houthi-rebels-yemen-ramp-drone-missile-attacks-saudi-n1260488|sarlavha=Iran-backed Houthis in Yemen ramp up drone, missile attacks on Saudis|ish=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> kabi quruqlikdagi baland balandlikdagi raketa tizimlari bilan toʻsqinlik qilish qiyin boʻlgan past uchuvchi dronlarni tutib olishni topshirdi. Oʻshandan beri bir nechta uchuvchisiz samolyotlar urib tushirildi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39186/yemens-houthi-rebels-strike-airliner-in-new-drone-attack-on-saudi-airport|sarlavha=Yemen's Houthi Rebels Strike Airliner In New Drone Attack On Saudi Airport|ism=Thomas|muallif=Newdick|sana=10-fevral 2021-yil|ish=The Drive|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2021-10-20|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020112030/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39186/yemens-houthi-rebels-strike-airliner-in-new-drone-attack-on-saudi-airport}}</ref>. 2021-yil 7-mart kuni Saudiya Arabistonining bir nechta neft inshootlariga husiylar hujumi paytida Saudiyaning F-15 samolyotlari issiqlik izlovchi AIM-9 Sidewinder raketalari yordamida urib tushirilgan bir nechta hujumchi dronlarni urib tushirdi. Videoda kamida ikkita Samad-3 UBA va bitta Qasef-2K urib tushirilgani koʻrsatilgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.seelatest.com/india/middle-east-saudi-f-15s-shoot-down-iran-backed-houthi-drones|sarlavha=Middle East: Saudi F-15s shoot down Iran-backed Houthi Drones - See Latest|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2021-09-27|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927034208/https://www.seelatest.com/india/middle-east-saudi-f-15s-shoot-down-iran-backed-houthi-drones}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/continued-houthi-strikes-threaten-saudi-oil-and-global-economic-recovery|sarlavha=Continued Houthi Strikes Threaten Saudi Oil and the Global Economic Recovery}}</ref>. 2021-yil 30-mart kuni Saudiya Arabistoni chegarachilari tomonidan tayyorlangan videoda Saudiya Arabistoni F-15 samolyoti AIM-120 AMRAAM qisqa masofadan oʻqqa tutilishi bilan Husilar Quasef-2K uchuvchisiz uchuvchisiz uchoqni urib tushirganini koʻrsatdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39992/watch-a-saudi-f-15-fighter-swoop-in-low-to-blast-a-houthi-rebel-drone-out-of-the-sky|sarlavha=Watch a Saudi F-15 Fighter Swoop in Low to Blast a Houthi Rebel Drone Out of the Sky|qaralgan sana=2022-10-24|arxivsana=2021-10-20|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020143211/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39992/watch-a-saudi-f-15-fighter-swoop-in-low-to-blast-a-houthi-rebel-drone-out-of-the-sky}}</ref>.

== Operatorlar ==

=== Joriy davlat operatorlari ===

* {{Bayroq|Iran}}<ref name="2018b" />
** Islom inqilobi qoʻriqchilari korpusining Aerokosmik kuchlari: Ababil-1, Ababil-2 va Ababil-3 
** Eron Islom Respublikasi havo kuchlari: Ababil-3 
** Eron Islom Respublikasi armiyasi: Ababil-2 
* {{Bayroq|Iraq}}: Ababil-3<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=180399|sarlavha=Hard landing Accident Ghods Ababil 3-2-R 139, 13 Oct 2015|ism=Harro|muallif=Ranter|ish=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
* {{Bayroq|Sudan}}: Ababil-3,"Zagil III-B" deb oʻzgartirilgan<ref name="serr"/>
* {{Bayroq|Syria}}
** Syrian Arab Army: Ababil-3<ref name="2018b">{{jurnal manbasi|last=International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies|title=The Military Balance 2018|journal=The Military Balance|volume=118|publisher=Routledge|date=14-fevral 2018-yil|language=inglizcha}}</ref>
* {{Bayroq|Tajikistan}} Ababil-2, litsenziya ishlab chiqarish bilan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Iran Opens Military Drone Factory in Tajikistan - Politics news|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2022/05/17/2712404/iran-opens-military-drone-factory-in-tajikistan|kirish sanasi=17-may 2022-yil|ish=Tasnim News Agency|til=inglizcha}}</ref>.

=== Nodavlat operatorlar ===

* {{Flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Xamas|Hamas]]
* Ababil-T, rebranded as „Qasef-1“.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Hezbollah (thumbnail placeholder).png}} [[Hizbulloh|Hezbollah]]: Ababil-2, rebranded as „Mirsad-1“.
* [[Kataib Hizbulloh|Kataib Hezbollah]]: Ababil-3, rebranded as „Basir-1“. 
* {{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Liviya milliy armiyasi|Libyan National Army]]: Ababil-2<ref>{{Veb manbasi|muallif=Mitzer|ism=Stijn|sarlavha=Tracking Arms Transfers By The UAE, Russia, Jordan And Egypt To The Libyan National Army Since 2014|url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/06/types-of-arms-and-equipment-supplied-to.html|ish=Oryx Blog|sana=23-mart 2021-yil}}</ref>.

== Texnik xususiyatlari (Ababil-2) ==
[[Fayl:Ababil-2_silhouette.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ababil-2_silhouette.jpg/220px-Ababil-2_silhouette.jpg|thumb| Ababil-2ning yerdan koʻrinishi.]]


'''Umumiy xarakteristika'''

* '''Ekipaj:''' yoʻq
* '''Yuk koʻtarish hajmi:''' 40 kg
* '''Uzunligi:''' 2.88&nbsp;m (9&nbsp;ft 5&nbsp;in)
* '''Qanotlari uzunligi:''' 3.25&nbsp;m (10&nbsp;ft 8&nbsp;in)
* '''Balandligi:''' 0.91&nbsp;m (3&nbsp;ft 0&nbsp;in)
* '''Qanot hajmi:''' 1.76&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup> (18.9&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft)
* '''Boʻsh holatdagi vazni:''' 30&nbsp;kg (66&nbsp;lb) taxminan.
* '''Maksimal yuk ortganda oʻgʻriligi:''' 83&nbsp;kg (183&nbsp;lb)
* '''Yoqilgʻi hajmi:''' 16 litr
* '''Quvvati:''' 1 × WAE-342 ikki silindrli pistonli dvigatel, 19 kVt (25 ot kuchi)
* '''Propellers:''' 2 qanotli

'''Texnik imkoniyatlari'''

* '''Maksimal tezligi:''' 370&nbsp;km/h (230&nbsp;mph, 200&nbsp;kn) tekis parvozda
* '''Kreyser tezligi:''' 250-305&nbsp;km/h (155-190&nbsp;mph, 135-165&nbsp;kn)
* '''Jang hoatdagi masofa:''' 120&nbsp;km (75&nbsp;mi, 65&nbsp;nmi)
* '''Chidamlilik:''' 1 ¼ — 2 hr
* '''Ishlash balandligi:''' 3,000&nbsp;m (9,800&nbsp;ft) yoki undan balandroq.

== Yana qarang ==

* [[Qods Mohajer]]<ref group="lower-alpha">The Ababil-2 compares with the Mohajer-2; the Ababil-3 compares with the Mohajer-4.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup></ref>
* [[SAGEM Crecerelle]]
* [[Altec MART]]/Altec S-MART
* Aerosonde Mk 4.7

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
{{Notelist}}'''Atribut:'''

*

== Havolalar ==
{{Commons turkum|Ababil}}
[[Turkum:HESA dronlari]]
[[Turkum:Eron uchuvchsiz boshqaruv apparati]]
[[Turkum:Pages with unreviewed translations]]