Haras sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Infobox Harbiy Boʻlinma|unit_name=Haras <br> الحرس|image=|caption=|dates=660–1250-yillar|allegiance=[[Xalifalik]]|branch=[[Xalifalik|Xalifalik armiyasi]]|type=Shaxsiy qoʻriqchilar|role=Xalifalarning shaxsiy qo‘riqchilari. Haras a’zolari xalifani hatto shaxsiy uchrashuvlar, tunda va masjiddagi [[namoz]] vaqtida ham qo‘riqlaganliklari bilan tanilgan|size=har xil|command_structure=|equipment=Nayza yoki qisqa nayza (hirab),<br>temir tayoq yoki to‘qmoq (umud),<br>qamchi,<br>[[qilich]],<br>zanjir}}'''Haras''' ({{Lang-ar|الحرس}}) [[Damashq xalifaligi|Umaviylar]] va [[Bagʻdod xalifaligi|Abbosiylar]] davrida [[Xalifalik|xalifaning]] shaxsiy qoʻriqchilar boʻlinmasi{{Sfn|Perlman|2015}}. Haraslar [[Kordova amirligi|Kordova amirligida]] ham tashkil etilgan{{Sfn|Wolf|2014}}.

== Paygʻambar Muhammad davrida ==
Haras birinchi marta [[islom]] [[Qurʼonda nomi kelgan Paygʻambarlar|paygʻambari]] [[Muhammad]] davrida tasvirlangan boʻlib, oʻsha paytda bir qancha kuchli [[musulmon]] kishilar, masalan, [[Abu Bakr Siddiq|Abu Bakr]], [[Saʼd ibn Abu Vaqqos|Saʼd ibn Abu Vaqqos]], [[Saʼd ibn Muʼoz|Saʼd ibn Muoz]], Jakvon ibn al-Qays, [[Zubayr ibn Avvom|Zubayr ibn al-Avvom]], [[Bilol ibn Raboh]], [[Abbad ibn Bishr|Abbod ibn Bishr]] va [[Abu Ayyub al-Ansoriy|Abu Ayyub al-Ansoriylar]] paygʻambarning shaxsiy harasi sifatida xizmat qilgan<ref name="Sahabat yang Menjadi Pengawal dan Penjaga Rasulullah dalam Peperangan">{{Veb manbasi |muallif=Juriyanto |ism=Moh |sarlavha=Sahabat yang Menjadi Pengawal dan Penjaga Rasulullah dalam Peperangan |yil=2020 |nashriyot=Bincang Syariah |url=https://bincangsyariah.com/khazanah/penjaga-rasulullah-dalam-peperangan/ |qaralgan sana=1 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Kenal Untuk Cinta: Biografi Lengkap Rasulullah">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Joll |first=Muhadir Haji · |title=Kenal Untuk Cinta: Biografi Lengkap Rasulullah |date=2018 |publisher=Galeri ilmu sdn bhd |isbn=9789830977430 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lovhDwAAQBAJ |accessdate=1 December 2021 |language=Malay |format=Ebook}}</ref><ref name="The Guards of the Prophet - I">{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=The Guards of the Prophet - I |url=https://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/printarticle.php?id=187318&lang=E&id=187318&lang=E |ish=ISLAMWEB.NET |nashriyot=[[Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs (Qatar)|Qatar Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs]] |qaralgan sana=5 December 2021 |til=en |sana=2013}}</ref>.

== Rashidun xalifaligi davrida ==
Abu Bakr musulmon olamida ilk [[xalifa]] sifatida taxtga koʻtarilgan va [[Ridda|Ridda urushlari]] boshlanganda, [[Ali|Ali ibn Abu Tolib]], Saʼd ibn Abu Vaqqos va Zubayr ibn al-Avvom boshchiligidagi qoʻl ostidagi Haras va ash-Shurta boʻlinmalari [[Madina (shahar)|Madinaga]] hujum qilgan isyonchilarga qarshi Zu Qissa jangida qatnashgan va keyinchalik isyonchilarni Dumat al-Jandalga qadar quvib borgan<ref name="Jihad & death of Saʻd Mawdoo website">{{Veb manbasi |muallif=Fahmi |ism=Hadi |sarlavha=Saad bin Abi Waqas |url=https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B5 |ish=Mawdoo3 |nashriyot=Mawdoo3 |qaralgan sana=1 December 2021 |sana=2018}}</ref><ref name="Ibn Jarir Tabari">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Ibn Jarir at-Tabari |first=Muhammad |title=The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 10 The Conquest of Arabia: The Riddah Wars A.D. 632-633/A.H. 11 |date=2015 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-1-4384-0140-9 |edition=Fred Donner Translation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MP_oI6wuyOcC |accessdate=14 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="Griffel">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Griffel |first=Frank |title=Apostasie und Toleranz im Islam: die Entwicklung zu al-Ġazālīs Urteil gegen die Philosophie und die Reaktionen der Philosophen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J52MMfLa6DkC&pg=PA61 |year=2000 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-11566-8 |pages=61 |language=de}}</ref><ref name="Mahd Al-Maram fi Fadil Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam">{{Kitob manbasi |last=al-Hanbali |first=Ibn al-Mubarrad |editor=Muhammad Al-Azhari Abu Al-Mundhir |title=Mahd Al-Maram fi Fadil Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam |date=2014 |page=86 |url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=8616 |accessdate=1 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Fadail as Saʻd ibn Abi Waqqas">{{Veb manbasi |muallif=Fahmi |ism=Hadi |sarlavha=Saad bin Abi Waqas |url=https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B5 |ish=Mawdoo3 |nashriyot=Mawdoo3 |qaralgan sana=1 December 2021 |yil=2018}}</ref>. Xalifa ushbu boʻlinmadan foydalanishga majbur boʻlgan, chunki xalifalikning asosiy qoʻshini [[Usama ibn Zayd|Usoma ibn Zayd]] boshchiligida Balqa yurishi bilan band boʻlgan<ref name="Griffel" /><ref name="Fadail as Saʻd ibn Abi Waqqas" /><ref name="Mahd Al-Maram fi Fadil Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam" /><ref name="Jihad & death of Saʻd Mawdoo website" />.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Wolf |first=Kenneth Baxter|title=Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3q5kAwAAQBAJ |access-date=30 December 2014 |date=8 May 2014 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1107634817 |pages=13–14 }}
* {{cite book |last=Beckwith |first=Christopher I. |author-link=Christopher I. Beckwith |title=Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ue8BxLEMt4C |access-date=15 December 2014 |year=2009 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-1400829941 |page=25 }}
* {{cite journal|last1=Perlman|first1=Yaara|title=The Bodyguard of the Caliphs During the Umayyad and the Early Abbasid Periods|url=http://al-qantara.revistas.csic.es/index.php/al-qantara/article/view/348/340|journal=Al-Qanṭara|volume=36|issue=2|year=2015|pages=315–340|issn=1988-2955|doi=10.3989/alqantara.2015.009|doi-access=free}}
{{refend}}

[[Turkum:9-asrda al-Andalus]]
[[Turkum:Umaviylar xalifaligining harbiy harakatlari tarixi]]