Jane Austen sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Shaxsiyat bilgiqutisi
|ismi = Jane Austen
|portret = CassandraAusten-JaneAusten(c.1810) hires.jpg
|portret imzosi =
|tavsif = Portret, 1810-yil<ref>Kirkham (2005), s. 68–72.</ref>
|tugʻilgan paytidagi ismi = 
|tavallud sanasi = {{Tugʻilgan sanasi|df=y|1775|12|16}}
|tavallud joyi = [[Steventon, Hampshire|Steventon]] Rectory, [[Hampshire]], Angliya
|fuqaroligi =
|vafot sanasi = {{Vafot sanasi va yoshi|df=y|1817|7|18|1775|12|16}}
|vafot joyi = [[Winchester]], Hampshire, Angliya
|turmush ortogi =
|universitet =
|millati =
|dini =
|kasbi = Yozuvchi
|mukofotlari =
|faoliyat_yillari = 1787{{snd}}1817
|otaonasi =
|bolalari =
|bilimi = Reading Abbey qizlar maktabi
|partiyasi =
|sayt =
|imzo = Jane Austen signature from her will.svg
}}

'''Jane Austen''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|s|t|ᵻ|n|,_|ˈ|ɔː|s|t|ɪ|n}} {{respell|OST|in|,_|AW|stin}}; 1775-yil 16-dekabr – 1817-yil 18-iyul) ingliz romanchisi bo‘lib, asosan oltita romani bilan tanilgan. Ushbu asarlarida XVIII asr oxiridagi ingliz [[yer egalari]] jamiyatini yashirin tarzda talqin etadi, tanqid qiladi va ular haqida fikr bildiradi. Austen asarlaridagi syujetlar ko‘pincha ayollarning qulay ijtimoiy mavqe va iqtisodiy barqarorlikka erishishlari uchun nikohga qanchalik bog‘liq ekanliklarini tadqiq etadi. Uning asarlari XVIII asrning ikkinchi yarmidagi hissiyotga asoslangan romanlarning yashirin tanqidi bo‘lib, XIX asr [[adabiy realizm]]i tomon o‘tishning bir qismi hisoblanadi<ref>Grundy (2014), 195–197</ref>. Uning [[ijtimoiy tanqid]], [[realizm]], [[so‘z o‘yini]] va [[kinoya]]dan foydalanishi tanqidchilar va olimlar tomonidan yuksak baholangan.

Anonim tarzda nashr etilgan „[[Sense and Sensibility]]“ (1811), „[[Andisha va gʻurur]]“ (1813), „[[Mansfield Park]]“ (1814) va „[[Emma (roman)|Emma]]“ (1816) romanlari kamtarona muvaffaqiyatga erishgan boʻlsa-da, ular muallifning hayotlik chogʻida unga katta shuhrat keltirmagan. U „[[Northanger Abbey]]“ va „[[Persuasion]]“ deb nomlangan yana ikkita roman yozgan. Bu asarlar 1817-yilda, uning vafotidan soʻng nashr etilgan. Shuningdek, „[[Sanditon]]“ deb nomlangan yana bir romanni boshlagan, ammo bu asar uning hayotdan koʻz yumishi sababli tugallanmay qolgan. U shuningdek, oʻsmirlar uchun yozilgan qoʻlyozma shaklidagi uch jildlik asar, „[[Lady Susan]]“ nomli qisqa [[epistolyar roman]] va tugallanmasdan qolgan „[[The Watsons]]“ nomli yana bir romanni meros qilib qoldirgan.

== Biografik m’alumotlari ==
Austen haqidagi biografik maʼlumotlar uning bir necha omon qolgan xatlari va oila aʼzolari u haqida yozgan qoʻl yozmalaridan olingan<ref name="Fergus(2005)3ff">Fergus (2005), 3–4</ref>. Austen yozgan 3000 ga yaqin xatdan faqat 160 tasi saqlanib qolgan va nashr etilgan. [[Kassandra Osten|Kassandra Austen]] singlisidan olgan xatlarning asosiy qismini yoʻq qilgan, yoqib yuborgan<ref name="LF33">Le Faye (2005), 33</ref><ref>Nokes (1998), 1</ref>.

== Hayoti ==
Jane Austen 1775-yil 16-dekabrda [[Hampshire]] shtatining [[Steventon]] shahrida sovuq qish kunlarida tugʻilgan. 1776-yilning qishi ayniqsa qattiq boʻldi. U oʻsha yerdagi mahalliy cherkovda choʻqintirildi<ref name="Le Faye 2004, 27">Le Faye (2004), 27</ref>.

Uning otasi [[Jorj Osten (ruhoniy)|Jorj Osten]] (1731-1805) Steventon va Deane Anglikan cherkovlarining [[Rektor (diniy)|ruhoniysi]] boʻlib ishlagan<ref>Todd (2015), 2</ref>. Ruhoniy Osten jun savdosi bilan shugʻillanuvchi badavlat oilada tugʻilgan. U va uning ikki singlisi bolaligida yetim qolib, qarindoshlari bilan yashashga toʻgʻri kelgan. 1745-yilda, oʻn besh yoshida, Jorj Ostenning singlisi [[Filadelfiya Osten Xankok|Philadelphia]] [[Kovent bogʻi|Kovent bogʻida]] [[Shlyapa tikish|tegirmonchiga]] shogird boʻlgan<ref name="geri">{{Veb manbasi |sana=2019-10-21 |sarlavha=Philadelphia Austen Hancock: Eliza de Feuillide's Mother |url=https://www.geriwalton.com/philadelphia-austen-hancock-eliza-de-feuillides-mother/ |qaralgan sana=2022-05-22 |ish=Geri Walton |til=en-US}}</ref>. Oʻn olti yoshida Jorj [[Sent-Jon kolleji, Oksford|Oksforddagi Sent-John kollejiga]] oʻqishga kirgan<ref>{{alox2|title=Austen, George (1)}}</ref>. U yerda Cassandra Leigh (1739–1827) bilan uchrashdi<ref>Le Faye (2004), 3–5, 11</ref>. U taniqli [[Baron Li|Leigh oilasidan]] edi. Uning otasi [[All Souls kolleji, Oksford|Oksforddagi All Souls kollejida]] rektor boʻlgan, u yerda Cassandra zodagonlar orasida ulgʻaygan. Uning toʻngʻich akasi James katta xolasi Perrotdan boylik va katta mulkni meros qilib oldi, faqat [[Ism oʻzgarishi|ismini Leigh-Perrotga oʻzgartirish]] sharti bilan<ref>Le Faye (2004), 8; Nokes (1998), 51</ref>.

Jorj Osten va Cassandra Leigh 1763-yilda unashtirildi<ref>Le Faye (2004), 11</ref><ref>Le Faye (2004), 6</ref>. Ular 1764-yil 26-aprelda [[Vanna, Somerset|Vannadagi]] [[Sent-Svitin cherkovi, Vanna|Avliyo Swithin cherkovida]], Cassandraning otasi vafotidan ikki oy oʻtib turmush qurishdi<ref>Le Faye (2004), 11; Nokes (1998), 24, 26</ref>. Jorjning ''yillik'' tirikchiligi kam edi; Cassandraning onasi vafot etganidan soʻng unga kichik meros qoldi<ref>Le Faye (2004), 12; Nokes (1998), 24</ref>.

Yaqin atrofdagi Dean cherkovini boy amakisi Francis Austen sotib olganidan soʻng, Austenlar u yerda vaqtinchalik istiqomat qilishdi<ref>Austen-Leigh, James Edward (1871). Memoir of Jane Austen (Second ed.). London: Richard Bentley and Son. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.</ref>. Cassandra Deanda uchta farzandni dunyoga keltirdi: 1765-yilda [[Jeyms Osten|James]], 1766-yilda George va 1767-yilda [[Edvard Osten Knight|Edward]]<ref>Le Faye (2004), 11, 18, 19; Nokes (1998), 36</ref><ref>Le Faye (2004), 19</ref>.

=== Steventon ===
1768-yilda oila nihoyat Steventonga koʻchib kelishdi. [[Genri Tomas Osten|Genri]] 1771-yilda Steventonda tugʻildi<ref>Nokes (1998), 37; Le Faye (2004), 25</ref>. Oʻsha paytda Cassandra kichik Georgening [[Rivojlanishda nogiron|rivojlanishida nogironlik]] belgilarini eʼtiborsiz qoldira olmadi. George kar va soqov boʻlishi mumkin edi<ref>Le Faye (2004), 22</ref>. 1773-yilda Cassandra, 1774-yilda [[Frensis Osten|Francis]], 1775-yilda esa Jane tugʻilgan<ref>Nokes (1998), 37; Le Faye (2004), 24–27</ref>.

== Taʼlimi ==
1783-yilda Jane va uning singlisi Cassandra [[Oxford|Oksfordga]] Ann Cawley xonim qoʻlida taʼlim olish uchun yuborildi va oʻsha yilning oxirida ularni [[Sautgempton|Southamptonga]] olib ketishdi. Oʻsha kuzda ikkala qiz ham [[Qorin tifi|tif kasaliga]] chalinganidan keyin uylariga joʻnatildi<ref>Le Faye (2004), 47–49; Collins (1994), 35, 133.</ref>. Oʻsha paytdan boshlab uyda taʼlim olishni boshladi. 1785-yil boshidan boshlab La Turnelle xonim rahbarligidagi [[Abbey qizlar maktabini oʻqish|Reading Abbey Qizlar]] internat maktabida oʻqidi<ref>Todd (2015), 3</ref>. Oʻquv dasturiga, fransuz tili, imlo, tikuvchilik, raqs, musiqa va drama kiritilgan. Opa-singillar 1786-yil dekabridan oldin uylariga qaytishdi, chunki maktab toʻlovlari Austen oilasi uchun juda yuqori edi<ref>Tomalin (1997), 9–10, 26, 33–38, 42–43; Le Faye (2004), 52; Collins (1994), 133–134</ref><ref>Le Faye (2004), 52</ref>.

== Romanlari ==
{{col-begin}}
* ''Sense and Sensibility'' – 1811
* ''Andisha va gʻurur''&nbsp;– 1813
* ''Mansfield Park'' – 1814
* ''Emma'' – 1815
=== Boshqa ishlari ===
{{col-break}}
'''Juvenilia: Birinchi jild''' (1787–1793)<ref>''The Works of Jane Austen''. Vol VI. 1954. Ed. R. W. Chapman and B. C. Southam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988, as supplemented by additional research reflected in Margaret Anne Doody and Douglas Murray, eds. ''Catharine and Other Writings''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.</ref>
* Frederic & Elfrida
* Jack & Alice
* Edgar & Emma
* Henry and Eliza
* The Adventures of Mr. Harley
* Sir William Mountague
* Memoirs of Mr. Clifford
* The Beautifull Cassandra
* Amelia Webster
* The Visit
* The Mystery
* The Three Sisters
* A Fragment
* A beautiful description
* The generous Curate
* Ode to Pity

{{col-break}}

'''Juvenilia: Ikkinchi jild''' (1787–1793)
* Love and Freindship
* Lesley Castle
* The History of England
* A Collection of Letters
* The female philosopher
* The first Act of a Comedy
* A Letter from a Young Lady
* A Tour through Wales
* A Tale

'''Juvenilia: Uchinchi jild''' (1787–1793)
* Evelyn
* Catharine, or The Bower
{{col-end}}
=== Vafotidan keyingi nashrlar ===

* ''Northanger Abbey'' – 1818
* ''Persuasion'' – 1818
* ''The Watsonsi'' – 1892

=== Yana qarang ===
* ''[[Emma (film)|Emma]]'' 2020-yilda katta ekranlarga chiqqan, Austenning xuddi shu nomdagi romani asosida suratga olingan filmdir.

[[Fayl:PrideAndPrejudiceTitlePage.jpg|thumb|315x315pik|''Pride and Prejudice'' romanining ilk nashridan bir sahifa (1813)]]

== Shajara daraxti ==
{{Wide image|William Austen family tree two generations.svg|700px|Austen,uning ota-onasi, aka-uka va opa-singillari}}
{{Wide image|Jane Austen nephews and nieces.svg|700px|Uning aka-uka, opa-singillari va jiyanlari}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Bibliografiya ==
;'''Birlamchi asarlari '''
{{refbegin}}
* Austen, Jane. ''Catharine and Other Writings''. nash. Margaret Anne Doody and Douglas Murray. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. {{ISBN|0-19-282823-1}}.
* Austen, Jane. ''The History of England''. nash. David Starkey. Icon Books, HarperCollins Publishers, 2006. {{ISBN|0-06-135195-4}}.
* Le Faye, Deirdre, nash. ''Jane Austenʼs Letters''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. {{ISBN|0-19-283297-2}}.
{{refend}}

;'''Ikkilamchi asarlari '''

'''Biografiyalar'''
{{refbegin}}
* Austen, Henry Thomas. „Biographical Notice of the Author“. ''Northanger Abbey and Persuasion''. London: John Murray, 1817.
* Austen-Leigh, James Edward. ''A Memoir of Jane Austen''. 1926. nash. R. W. Chapman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967.
* Austen-Leigh, William and Richard Arthur Austen-Leigh. ''Jane Austen: Her Life and Letters, A Family Record''. London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1913.
* Fergus, Jan. ''Jane Austen: A Literary Life''. London: Macmillan, 1991. {{ISBN|0-333-44701-8}}.
* Honan, Park. ''Jane Austen: A Life''. New York: St. Martinʼs Press, 1987. {{ISBN|0-312-01451-1}}.
* Le Faye, Deirdre. ''Jane Austen: A Family Record''. Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. {{ISBN|0-521-53417-8}}.
* Nokes, David. ''Jane Austen: A Life''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-520-21606-7}}.
* Tomalin, Claire. ''Jane Austen: A Life''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997. {{ISBN|0-679-44628-1}}.
{{refend}}

'''Esse toʻplamlari'''
{{refbegin}}
* Alexander, Christine and Juliet McMaster, eds. ''The Child Writer from Austen to Woolf''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. {{ISBN|0-521-81293-3}}.
* Copeland, Edward and Juliet McMaster, eds. ''The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. {{ISBN|0-521-49867-8}}.
* Grey, J. David, nash. ''The Jane Austen Companion''. New York: Macmillan, 1986. {{ISBN|0025455400}}.
* Lynch, Deidre, nash. ''Janeites: Austenʼs Disciples and Devotees''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. {{ISBN|0-691-05005-8}}.
* Southam, B. C., nash. ''Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage, 1812-1870''. Vol. 1. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1968. {{ISBN|0-7100-2942-X}}.
* Southam, B. C., nash. ''Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage, 1870-1940''. Vol. 2. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987. {{ISBN|0-7102-0189-3}}.
* Todd, Janet, nash. ''Jane Austen in Context''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. {{ISBN|0-521-82644-6}}.
* Watt, Ian, nash. ''Jane Austen: A Collection of Critical Essays''. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1963. {{ISBN|9780130537515}}.
{{refend}}

'''Monograflar va maqolalar'''
{{refbegin}}
* Armstrong, Nancy. ''Desire and Domestic Fiction''. London: Oxford University Press, 1987. {{ISBN|0-19-506160-8}}.
* Butler, Marilyn. ''Jane Austen and the War of Ideas''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975. {{ISBN|0-19-812968-8}}.
* Byrne, Paula. Jane Austen and the Theatre. London and New York: Continuum, 2002. {{ISBN|978-1-84725-047-6}}.
* Collins, Irene. ''Jane Austen and the Clergy''. London: The Hambledon Press, 1994. {{ISBN|1-85285-114-7}}.
* Devlin, D. D. ''Jane Austen and Education''. London: Macmillan, 1975. {{ISBN|0064916758}}.
* Duckworth, Alistair M. ''The Improvement of the Estate: A Study of Jane Austenʼs Novels''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971. {{ISBN|0-8018-1269-0}}.
* Fergus, Jan. ''Jane Austen and the Didactic Novel''. Totowa: Barnes & Noble, 1983. {{ISBN|0-389-20228-2}}.
* Ferguson, Moira. „''Mansfield Park'', Slavery, Colonialism, and Gender“. ''Oxford Literary Review'' 13 (1991): 118-39.
* Galperin, William. ''The Historical Austen''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. {{ISBN|0-8122-3687-4}}.
* Gay, Penny. ''Jane Austen and the Theatre''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0-521-65213-8}}.
* Gubar, Susan and Sandra Gilbert. ''The Madwoman in the Attic: the Woman Writer and the Nineteenth Century Literary Imagination''. 1979. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984. {{ISBN|0-300-02596-3}}.
* Harding, D. W., „Regulated Hatred: An Aspect of the Work of Jane Austen“. ''Jane Austen: A Collection of Critical Essays''. nash. Ian Watt. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963.
* Jenkyns, Richard. ''A Fine Brush on Ivory: An Appreciation of Jane Austen''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. {{ISBN|0199276617}}.
* Johnson, Claudia L. ''Jane Austen: Women, Politics and the Novel''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. {{ISBN|0-226-40139-1}}.
* Kirkham, Margaret. ''Jane Austen, Feminism and Fiction''. Brighton: Harvester, 1983. {{ISBN|0-7108-0468-7}}.
* Koppel, Gene. ''The Religious Dimension in Jane Austenʼs Novels''. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1988.
* Lascelles, Mary. ''Jane Austen and Her Art''. Original publication 1939. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966.
* Leavis, F. R. ''The Great Tradition: George Eliot, Henry James, Joseph Conrad''. London: Chatto & Windus, 1960.
* Litz, A. Walton. ''Jane Austen: A Study of Her Development''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
* Lynch, Deidre. ''The Economy of Character''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-226-49820-4}}.
* MacDonagh, Oliver. ''Jane Austen: Real and Imagined Worlds''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991. {{ISBN|0-300-05084-4}}.
* Miller, D. A. ''Jane Austen, or The Secret of Style''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. {{ISBN|0-691-12387-X}}.
* Mudrick, Marvin. ''Jane Austen: Irony as Defense and Discovery''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1952.
* Page, Norman. ''The Language of Jane Austen''. Oxford: Blackwell, 1972. {{ISBN|0-631-08280-8}}.
* Poovey, Mary. ''The Proper Lady and the Woman Writer: Ideology as Style in the Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley, and Jane Austen''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984. {{ISBN|0-226-67528-9}}.
* Raven, James. ''The Business of Books: Booksellers and the English Book Trade''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007. {{ISBN|0-300-12261-6}}.
* Said, Edward W. ''Culture and Imperialism''. New York: Vintage Books, 1993. {{ISBN|0-679-75054-1}}.
* Todd, Janet. ''The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-521-67469-0}}.
* Waldron, Mary. ''Jane Austen and the Fiction of Her Time''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-521-00388-1}}.
* Wiltshire, John. ''Recreating Jane Austen''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|0-521-00282-6}}.
* Wiltshire, John. ''Jane Austen and the Body: The Picture of Health''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. {{ISBN|0-521-41476-8}}.
{{refend}}

== Havolalar ==
{{qardosh loyihaga ishorat}}
* [http://www.janeausten.ac.uk/index.html Jane Austenning qoʻlyozmalari], raqamli arxiv (Oxford universiteti)
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17797 ''A Memoir of Jane Austen''] – James Edward Austen-Leigh
* [http://www.bl.uk/people/jane-austen Jane Austen] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404083604/http://www.bl.uk/people/jane-austen |date=2019-04-04 }} Britaniya kutubxonasida
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190628045056/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Jane_Austen Portal:Jane Austen] – eski Vikipediya portali Internet Archiveʼda

=== Muzeylar ===
{{Refbegin}}
* [http://www.jane-austens-house-museum.org.uk/ Jane Austenning uy-muzeyi] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529064539/http://www.jane-austens-house-museum.org.uk/ |date=2016-05-29 }} (Chawton)
* [http://www.janeausten.co.uk Jane Austen markazi] (Bath)
{{Refend}}

{{USC Scripter mukofoti – Film}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Austen, Jane}}
[[Turkum:1775-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
[[Turkum:1817-yilda vafot etganlar]]
[[Turkum:Ingliz yozuvchilari]]