Karoshi sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[Fayl:Nomorekaroshi-shimbashiprotest-june-13-2018.jpg|thumb| [[Tokio|Tokioda]] "Boshqa Karoshi yo'q" noroziligi, 2018 yil]]
[[Fayl:Deaths_from_Karoshi.png|thumb| 100 000 kishiga (15+) uzoq ish vaqti tufayli o'lim]]
{{Nixongo|'''''Karoshi'''''|過労死|Karōshi}}, <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=2013-04-23|title=Case Study: Karoshi: Death from overwork|url=https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/safety-and-health-at-work/resources-library/publications/WCMS_211571/lang--en/index.htm|language=en}}</ref>Karoshi (yaponcha: yànǎngyín Karōshi?), bu "ortiqcha ish sababli o'lim" deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin bo'lgan yaponcha atama bo'lib, kasb bilan bog'liq to'satdan o'limga tegishli.

Karoshi o'limining eng keng tarqalgan tibbiy sabablari [[stress]] va to'yib ovqatlanmaslik  tufayli [[Miokard infarkti|yurak xurujlari]] va [[Insult|qon tomirlari kasalliklari]] . Ish joyidagi ruhiy stress {{Lang|ja|過労自殺}} shuningdek, ''karōjisatsu'' deb nomlanuvchi hodisada ishchilarning [[Oʻzini oʻldirish|o'z joniga qasd]] qilishiga olib kelishi mumkin. ). <ref name=":1"/>

Karoshi Osiyoning boshqa hududlarida ham keng tarqalgan. Umuman olganda, ortiqcha ish tufayli o'lim butun dunyoda uchraydi. Masalan, qattiq mehnat qoidalariga ega Shvetsiyada har yili 770 dan ortiq yollanma ishchi ortiqcha ish tufayli vafot etadi. Biroq, kelajakda qurbonlar soni ortishi kutilmoqda. <ref name="Söderqvist">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Söderqvist |first=Jonna |date=May 28, 2019 |title=Över 770 svenskar dör av stress varje år |work=[[Arbetarskydd]] |url=https://www.arbetarskydd.se/arbetsmiljo-stress/over-770-svenskar-dor-av-stress-varje-ar/1486737}}</ref><ref name="Sjöström">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Sjöström |first=Anna |date=May 30, 2019 |title=Allt fler dör till följd av arbetsrelaterad stress |work=[[Byggvärlden]] |url=https://www.byggvarlden.se/allt-fler-dor-till-foljd-av-arbetsrelaterad-stress/}}</ref><ref name="Apel Röstlund">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Apel Röstlund |first=Johan |date=May 29, 2019 |title=500 arbetare dör av jobbstress varje år |work=[[Arbetaren]] |url=https://www.arbetaren.se/2019/05/29/500-arbetare-dor-av-jobbstress-varje-ar/}}</ref><ref name="Persson">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Persson |first=Karin |date=October 23, 2019 |title=Lek med döden – jobbstressen kan leda till fler dödsfall |work=[[Akademikern]] |url=https://akademikern.se/lek-med-doden-jobbstressen-kan-leda-till-fler-dodsfall/}}</ref>

== Kelib chiqishi ==
Karoshining birinchi holati 1969- yilda [[Yaponiya|Yaponiyaning]] eng yirik gazeta kompaniyasining [[yuk tashish]] bo'limida 29 yoshli erkak ishchining yurak huruji tufayli o'limi bilan bog'liq edi. <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.workhealth.org/whatsnew/lpkarosh.html|title=Karoshi-Death from overwork: Occupational health consequences of the Japanese production management|date=February 4, 1997|journal=International Journal of Health Services|last=Katsuo Nishiyama and Jeffrey V. Johnson|access-date=June 9, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214232217/http://workhealth.org/whatsnew/lpkarosh.html|archivedate=February 14, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Pfeffer|first=Jeffrey|title=Dying for a Paycheck|url=https://archive.org/details/dyingforpaycheck0000pfef|date=20 March 2018|isbn=9780062800923|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dyingforpaycheck0000pfef/page/63 63], (chapter 5)}}</ref>

1988- yilda Labor Force tadqiqoti shuni ko'rsatdiki, erkak ishchilarning deyarli to'rtdan biri haftasiga 60 soatdan (ikki yarim kundan ortiq) ishlagan, bu odatdagi 40 soatlik (ekvivalent)dan 50% ko'proqdir. bir yarim kunlik) haftalik ish jadvali. Ushbu yuzaga kelayotgan muammoning jiddiyligi va keng tarqalganligini anglagan holda, bir guruh advokatlar va shifokorlar karoshi bilan bog'liq masalalar bo'yicha maslahat so'raganlarga yordam berishga bag'ishlab, milliy miqyosda mavjud bo'lgan "karoshi ishonch telefonlari" ni tashkil etdilar. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marioka|first1=Koji|title=Work Till You Drop|journal=New Labor Forum|volume=13|issue=1|year=2004|pages=80–85|doi=10.1080/10957960490265782|jstor=40342456}}</ref>

Yaponiyaning [[Ikkinchi Jahon urushi|Ikkinchi jahon urushidagi]] vayronagarchilikdan iqtisodiy obro'ga ko'tarilishi va urushdan keyingi o'n yilliklarda ular to'lagan ulkan tovon to'lovlari yangi [[epidemiya]] deb ataladigan sabab sifatida qabul qilindi. Ma'lum bo'lishicha, xodimlar kuniga 12 yoki undan ortiq soat, haftada 6-7 kun, yildan-yilga jismoniy va ruhiy zo'riqishdan azob chekmasdan ishlay olmaydilar. <ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-11suits.13624023.html Japanese salarymen fight back] ''The New York Times'' - Wednesday, June 11, 2008</ref><ref name="Pressure">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=January 5, 2009 |title=Recession Puts More Pressure on Japan's Workers |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2009-01-05/recession-puts-more-pressure-on-japans-workers |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107010556/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jan2009/gb2009015_807968.htm |archive-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref>

[[Xalqaro mehnat tashkiloti|Xalqaro Mehnat Tashkilotining]] karoshi haqidagi maqolasida <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.ilo.org/safework/info/publications/WCMS_211571/lang--en/index.htm|title=Case Study: Karoshi: Death from overwork|date=23 April 2013|access-date=6 September 2017}}</ref> karoshining quyidagi to'rtta  holati qayd etilgan:

# Janob.A yirik oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini qayta ishlash kompaniyasida haftasiga 110 soat (to‘rt yarim kunga teng) ishlagan va 34 yoshida yurak xurujidan vafot etgan. Uning o'limi Mehnat standartlari idorasi tomonidan ish bilan bog'liq deb tan olingan.
# O'limi  ish bilan bog'liq deb tan olingan avtobus haydovchisi janob B yiliga 3000 soat ishlagan (to'rt oyga teng). U 37 yoshida insultga duchor bo'lganidan oldingi 15 kun ichida bir kun dam olmagan.
# Janob S [[Tokio|Tokiodagi]] yirik matbaa shirkatida yiliga 4320 soat ishlagan, shu jumladan tungi ish (deyarli olti oy, demak, yarim yil) va 58 yoshida insultdan vafot etgan. Uning bevasi erining o'limidan 14 yil o'tib ishchilar tovonini olgan.
# 22 yoshli hamshira D xonim oyiga besh marta 34 soat uzluksiz ishlagandan keyin yurak xurujidan vafot etdi.

Jismoniy bosim bilan bir qatorda ish joyidagi [[Stress|ruhiy siqilish]] ham karoshi keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. <ref name=":0">{{Veb manbasi|sana=2021-04-13|sarlavha=Karoshi - Institutet för språk och folkminnen|url=https://www.isof.se/sprak/nyord/nyord/aktuellt-nyord-2017/2017-11-02-karoshi.html|qaralgan sana=2022-03-22|ish=|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413102600/https://www.isof.se/sprak/nyord/nyord/aktuellt-nyord-2017/2017-11-02-karoshi.html|arxivsana=13 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|muallif=Ma|ism=Alexandra|sarlavha=Japan's toxic culture of overwork drove a 31-year-old woman to death — and it looks like there's no end in sight|url=https://www.insider.com/karoshi-how-overwork-in-japan-killed-miwa-sado-and-hundreds-like-her-2017-10|qaralgan sana=2022-03-23|ish=Insider|til=en-US|iqtibos=Work-related suicides among females and employees under 29 have also risen over the past few years[...] On Christmas Day 2015, 24-year-old ad agency employee Matsuri Takahashi jumped to her death [...] after working around 100 hours of overtime the month before. Weeks before her death, she posted on social media, according to the Guardian, to say: "I'm physically and mentally shattered" and "I want to die." On October 11, [...] a 23-year-old construction worker's suicide was karoshi, the Associated Press reported. The [...] man's body was found in the central Japan mountains in April, alongside a note that said he was "physically and mentally pushed to the limit."}}</ref> Ruhiy stress tufayli [[Oʻzini oʻldirish|o'z joniga qasd]] qilgan odamlarga ''karōjisatsu'' deyiladi {{Lang|ja|過労自殺}} ). <ref name=":0" /> XMT shuningdek, ortiqcha ish yoki kasbiy stressning ba'zi sabablarini sanab o'tadi, ularga quyidagilar kiradi:

# Kechasi, tungi yoki bayramona ish, ham uzoq, ham ortiqcha soatlar. 1980 va 1990 yillardagi qabariq iqtisodiyotning qulashidan keyin uzoq muddatli iqtisodiy tanazzul davrida ko'plab kompaniyalar xodimlar sonini qisqartirdilar. Ishning umumiy miqdori esa kamaymadi, bu har bir xodimni ko'proq ishlashga majbur qildi.
# Kompaniya tomonidan qo'yilgan maqsadlarga erisha olmaganlikdan umidsizlik tufayli to'plangan stress. Iqtisodiy tanazzulda ham kompaniyalar o'z xodimlaridan haddan tashqari ko'p mahsulot sotishni  va ulardan yaxshi natijalarga erishishni talab qilishdi. Bu ishda xodimlarga yuklangan psixologik yukni oshirdi.
# Majburiy iste'foga chiqarish  ,ishdan bo'shatish va haqorat qilish . Misol uchun, kompaniyada uzoq yillar ishlagan va o'zini kompaniyaga sodiq deb bilgan xodimlardan xodimlarni qisqartirish zarurati tufayli to'satdan iste'foga chiqish talab qilindi.
# O'rta boshqaruvning azoblari. Ular ko'pincha ishchilarni ishdan bo'shatishlari mumkin edi va korporativ qayta qurish siyosatini amalga oshirish va o'z xodimlarini himoya qilish o'rtasida bo'lishdi.

== Karoshi ishonch telefoni ==
1988- yilda Karoshi ishonch telefoni tarmog'i tomonidan e'lon qilingan hisobotda maslahat bergan mijozlarning aksariyati ishchilar emas, balki karoshi tufayli vafot etgan yoki shunday qilish xavfi yuqori bo'lgan ishchilarning rafiqalari edi. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kato|first1=Tetsuro|title=The Political Economy of Japanese 'Karoshi' (Death from Overwork)|journal=Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies|volume=26|issue=2|year=1994|pages=41–54|jstor=43294355}}</ref> Bu shuni ko'rsatdiki, ish tufayli stressga duchor bo'lganlar sabab ortiqcha ish ekanligini tushunmaydilar yoki buni ochiqchasiga bildirmaslik yoki yordam so'rash uchun ijtimoiy bosim ostida qolishgan.

“Karoshi ishonch telefoni” 1988-yilda tashkil etilganida eng ko‘p qo‘ng‘iroqlarni qabul qilgan. 1988-yildan 1990- yilgacha jami 1806 ta qo'ng'iroqlar qabul qilingan. 1990-yildan 2007- yilgacha qabul qilingan qo'ng'iroqlar soni yiliga kamaydi, ammo baribir yiliga o'rtacha 400 ta qo'ng'iroq saqlanib qoldi. <ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=過労死110番 {{!}} KAROSHI Hotline Results|url=https://karoshi.jp/english/results.html|qaralgan sana=2023-01-18|ish=karoshi.jp}}</ref>

== Jamiyatga ta'siri ==
O'z joniga qasd qilish ortiqcha ish bilan bog'liq stress yoki odamlar ishdan bo'shatilganda paydo bo'lishi mumkin. Marhumning oila a'zolari bunday o'limlar sodir bo'lganda zararni qoplashni talab qiladilar. Hayotni sug'urtalash kompaniyalari o'z shartnomalariga bir yillik imtiyoz shartlarini kiritishni boshladilar. Ular oila pul olishi uchun odam o'z joniga qasd qilishini bir yil kutishi uchun shunday qilishdi. <ref name="japansubculture.com">{{Veb manbasi|muallif=Adelstein|ism=Jake|sarlavha=Killing Yourself To Make A Living: In Japan Financial Incentives Reward "Suicide"|url=http://www.japansubculture.com/killing-yourself-to-make-a-living-in-japan-financial-social-incentives-keep-suicide-rates-high/|qaralgan sana=18 November 2016|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119115928/http://www.japansubculture.com/killing-yourself-to-make-a-living-in-japan-financial-social-incentives-keep-suicide-rates-high/|arxivsana=19 November 2016}}</ref>

Karoshi natijasida shakllangan yapon ishchilarining yangi harakati mavjud. Ko'pincha qo'shimcha ishlayotgan keksa yaponiyaliklarga qaraganda, yoshlar yarim kunlik ishni afzal ko'rishadi. Bu o'z imkoniyatlarini aniqlash uchun turli ishlarni sinab ko'rishni xohlaydigan yaponiyalik yoshlar uchun kasb tanlashning yangi uslubi. Bu shaxslar "muntazam ish haqi emas, balki soatlik ish haqi" uchun ishlaydi va " erkin ishchilar " deb ataladi. Erkinlar soni yillar davomida ortib bordi, 1980-yillardagi 200 000 tadan 1997- yilda taxminan 400 000 tagacha <ref name="Routledge">{{Kitob manbasi|last=Dasgupta|first=Romit|title=Salarymen doing straight: Heterosexual men and the dynamics of gender conformity|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|pages=170}}</ref>

Erkin ishchilar Atsuko Kanai tomonidan ta'riflangan va "to'liq bo'lmagan kunlik ishchilar yoki arbeit (vaqtinchalik ishchilar)" deb atalgan, hozirda ishlayotgan, lekin to'liq bo'lmagan ishchi sifatida ishlashni xohlovchi yoki ishlayotganlar sifatida aniqlangan maxsus ish turidan o'tadilar. Hozirda ular ish kuchida emas, na uy yumushlari bilan shug'ullanmaydi, na maktabga bormaydi, balki faqat yarim kunlik ishchi sifatida ishlashni xohlaydi. <ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Kanai|title=Karoshi (Work to Death) in Japan|date=2008}}</ref>

== Hukumat siyosati ==
Karoshi darajasini pasaytirish bo'yicha strategik rejani taqdim etish uchun Milliy Sog'liqni saqlash instituti 2005 -yilgi yillik hisobotida karoshi va ish bilan bog'liq stressdan kelib chiqadigan boshqa kasalliklarni kamaytirish uchun keng qamrovli sanoat sog'liqni saqlash xizmati dasturini yaratishni taklif qildi. Dastur quyidagi guruhlarning umumiy sa'y-harakatlarini talab qiladi:

# Hukumat siyosatni ishlab chiquvchi sifatida ish vaqtini qisqartirishi, sog'liqni saqlash xizmatlaridan foydalanish oson bo'lishi, ixtiyoriy tibbiy ko'rikdan o'tishini rag'batlantirishi va tibbiy yordam samaradorligini oshirishi kerak.
# Xodimlarning kundalik salomatligi bilan ko'proq shug'ullanadigan guruh sifatida kasaba uyushmalari va ish beruvchilar qo'shimcha ish vaqtini qisqartirish va yaxshi ish muhitini yaratishga qaratilgan hukumat siyosatini amalga oshirishga va ularga rioya qilishga intilishlari kerak.
# Xodimlarning o'zlari muntazam ravishda dam olish zarurligini tushunishlari va kerak bo'lganda profilaktika choralarini ko'rishlari kerak. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Araki|first1=Shunichi|last2=Iwasaki|first2=Kenji|title=Death Due to Overwork (Karoshi): Causation, health service, and life expectancy of Japanese males|journal=Japan Medical Association Journal|volume=48|issue=2|year=2005|pages=92–98|url=https://www.med.or.jp/english/pdf/2005_02/092_098.pdf|access-date=19 January 2018|archivedate=2016-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113201842/http://www.med.or.jp/english/pdf/2005_02/092_098.pdf}}</ref>

Ushbu taklifga rasmiy javob sifatida 2006- yilda Sanoat xavfsizligi va sog'lig'i to'g'risidagi qonun qayta ko'rib chiqilgan. Qonun ish bilan bog'liq sog'liq muammolariga, jumladan, uzoq vaqt ishlaydigan va ish bilan bog'liq kasalliklarga duchor bo'lish ehtimoli yuqori bo'lgan xodimlar uchun majburiy tibbiy ko'riklar va professional tibbiy xodimlar bilan maslahatlashishga qaratilgan turli atamalarni belgilab berdi. <ref>Industrial Safety and Health Act (Act No. 57 of 1972) https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/hourei/data/isha.pdf. Accessed: 22 Jan, 2018.</ref>

== Umumiy javob ==
Ko'pgina kompaniyalar o'z xodimlari uchun yaxshiroq ish va hayot muvozanatini topishga harakat qilmoqdalar. [[Toyota|Toyota Motor Company]] odatda qo'shimcha ish vaqtini yiliga 360 soat (oyiga o'rtacha 30 soat) bilan cheklaydi va ba'zi ofislarda har soatda soat 19:00 dan keyin xalqqa murojaat qilib, dam olishning muhimligini ko'rsatib, ishchilarni uyga qaytishga chaqiradi. Nissan bolalar yoki keksa ota-onalarga g'amxo'rlik qilishni osonlashtirish uchun masofadan ishlash imkonini beradi. <ref name="Pressure"/> O'nlab yirik korporatsiyalar, shuningdek, xodimlardan soat 5:30 da ish joyini tezda tark etishlarini talab qiladigan "qo'shimcha ish kunlarisiz" tartibni ni joriy qildilar.&nbsp; 2007- yilda Yaponiyaning eng yirik bank guruhining bo'limi bo'lgan Mitsubishi UFJ Trust &amp;amp; Banking xodimlariga bolalar yoki keksa qarindoshlariga g'amxo'rlik qilish uchun uylariga 3 soatgacha erta borishga ruxsat berishni boshladi. 2009-yil 5-yanvar holatiga ko‘ra, kompaniyaning 7000 nafar xodimidan atigi 34 nafari rejani imzolagan. <ref name="Pressure" />

2017-yil fevral oyida [[Yaponiya hukumati]] kompaniyalardan ishchilarini oyning oxirgi juma kuni soat 15:00 da tark etishga ruxsat berishlarini so‘rab, “ Premium Friday ” nomli guruhni boshladi. Ushbu tashabbus ko'plab yaponiyaliklar ishlashi kutilayotgan  uzoq soatlar bilan bog'liq muammolarni hal qilishga urinishning bir qismidir, bunga bir necha oy oldin 100 soatdan ortiq qo'shimcha ishlagan Dentsu reklama firmasining 24 yoshli xodimining o'z joniga qasd qilishi sabab bo'lgan. uning o'limi. [[Honda]], ichimliklar ishlab chiqaruvchi Suntory va qandolatchi Morinaga &amp;amp; Company kabi ba'zi yirik kompaniyalar ixtiyoriy sxemani qabul qilgan bo'lsa-da, boshqalari tushdan keyin xodimlarning ketishi istiqboliga unchalik qiziqmaydi. Nikkeei business gazetasi tomonidan 155 ta yirik kompaniyalar o'rtasida o'tkazilgan so'rov shuni ko'rsatdiki, 45% ushbu sxemani amalga oshirish bo'yicha rejalari yo'q, 37% esa Premium Friday ruhiga kirishga qaror qilishgan yoki buni amalga oshirish rejalari borligini aytishgan. <ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=McCurry |first=Justin |date=February 24, 2017 |title=Premium Fridays: Japan gives its workers a break – to go shopping |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/24/premium-fridays-japan-gives-workers-break-go-shopping |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

== OAV e'tibori ==
[[Arte]] fransuz-nemis [[Televizion kanal|telekanali]] 2006-yil 6-noyabrda Yaponiyadagi keksa ishchilar bilan bog'liq ''Alt in Japan'' (so'zma-so'z tarjimasi: "Yaponiyadagi muqobillik") nomli hujjatli filmni namoyish etdi. 2008- yilda Karoshi yana sarlavhalarga aylandi: 2006 -yilda har oy o'rtacha 80 soatdan ortiq ishlagan asosiy [[Toyota]] muhandisining o'limi ortiqcha ishning natijasi deb topildi. Uning ishi ko‘rib chiqilgach, uning oilasiga imtiyozlar  berildi. <ref>{{Veb manbasi|sana=10 July 2008|sarlavha=Man, 45, died of overwork, Japanese labor bureau says|url=http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-07-10/business/17170864_1_toyota-city-heart-disease-camry|qaralgan sana=6 September 2017|arxivsana=2012-07-10|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/20120710142510/http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-07-10/business/17170864_1_toyota-city-heart-disease-camry}}</ref>

[[Xitoy Respublikasi|Tayvan]] ommaviy axborot vositalari karoshi holati haqida xabar berishdi. <ref>{{Veb manbasi|sana=26 September 2010|sarlavha=月加班 百小時 29歲工程師過勞死 - 蘋果日報|url=http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20100927/32843024/|qaralgan sana=6 September 2017}}</ref> Muhandis Nanya Technology kompaniyasida 2006- yildan 2009 -yilgacha 3 yil ishlagan. Ma’lum bo‘lishicha, u kompaniya hujjatlari bilan o‘ralgan holda kompyuteri oldida vafot etgan. Ayblov muhandisning [[Kardiogenetik shok|kardiogen shok( yurak huruji)dan]] vafot etganini aniqladi. Muhandisning ota-onasi u kuniga 16-19 soat ishlaganini aytishgan. [[CNN]] Tayvanda karoshi bilan bog'liq yana bir holatni ko'rsatadi. " Ortiqcha   ishlashning xavfi" deb nomlangan ushbu qisqa klipda insultni boshdan kechirgan va kasalxonaga olib ketilgunga qadar uch soat davomida qoldirilgan erkak tasvirlangan. <ref name="CNN: The Dangers of Overwork">Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/FUPXuU2unRA Ghostarchive] and the {{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=CNN: The Dangers of Overwork|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUPXuU2unRA|ish=[[YouTube]]|qaralgan sana=2023-04-08|arxivsana=2014-06-28|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628175042/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUPXuU2unRA}}: {{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=CNN: The Dangers of Overwork|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUPXuU2unRA|ish=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Ma'lum bo'lishicha, shifokorlar odamlarni ortiqcha ish tufayli sog'lig'ining kamchiliklari haqida ko'proq xabardor qila boshladilar. Ko'proq odamlar o'z shifokorlariga tashrif buyurib, ortiqcha ishning belgilari va alomatlarini tan olishdi. <ref name="CNN: The Dangers of Overwork" />

== Boshqa mamlakatlarda ==
Ortiqcha mehnatdan o'lim hodisasi Osiyoning boshqa hududlarida ham keng tarqalgan. JSST/XMT maʼlumot berishicha , 2016-yilda butun dunyo boʻylab 745 194 oʻlim uzoq ish vaqti bilan bogʻliq. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pega|first1=Frank|last2=Náfrádi|first2=Bálint|last3=Momen|first3=Natalie C.|last4=Ujita|first4=Yuka|last5=Streicher|first5=Kai N.|last6=Prüss-Üstün|first6=Annette M.|last7=Descatha|first7=Alexis|last8=Driscoll|first8=Tim|last9=Fischer|first9=Frida M.|date=2021-09-01|title=Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194 countries, 2000–2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury|journal=Environment International|language=en|volume=154|pages=106595|doi=10.1016/j.envint.2021.106595|issn=0160-4120|pmc=8204267|pmid=34011457}}</ref>

=== Xitoy ===
Xitoyda xuddi shunday "ortiqcha ish tufayli o'lim" tushunchasi '''''guolaosi''''' , bu 2014-yilda mamlakatda muammo ekanligi xabar qilingan edi. <ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Oster |first=Shai |date=30 June 2014 |title=Is Work Killing You? In China, Workers Die at Their Desks |work=Bloomberg.com |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-06-29/is-work-killing-you-in-china-workers-die-at-their-desks}}</ref> Sharqiy Osiyo mamlakatlarida, masalan, Xitoyda, ko'plab ishbilarmonlar uzoq vaqt ishlashadi va keyin o'z tarmoqlarini kengaytirish va mamnun qilish bosimini his qilishadi. Ushbu ulanishlarni o'rnatish guanxi qurish deb ataladi. Aloqalar Xitoy ishbilarmon dunyosining katta qismidir va Xitoyning turli qismlarida ishbilarmonlar ish muhitidan tashqarida o'z ishlarini bajarish uchun choyxonalarda uchrashadilar. Ishbilarmonlar uchun, ayniqsa, kuchli amaldorlar yoki boshliqlar bilan guanxi munosabatlarini kengaytirish muhim edi. <ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Osburg|first=John|title=Anxious Wealth: Money and Morality among China's New Rich|url=https://archive.org/details/anxiouswealthmon0000osbu|date=2013|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford, California|page=[https://archive.org/details/anxiouswealthmon0000osbu/page/n37 24]}}</ref>

Ish dunyosida yuqoriga ko'tarilish uchun ko'p ichish , deyarli har kecha  tungi klublarga borishga bo'lgan  juda ko'p bosim bor. <ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Osburg|first=John|title=Anxious Wealth: Money and Morality Among China's New Rich|url=https://archive.org/details/anxiouswealthmon0000osbu|date=2013|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford, California|page=[https://archive.org/details/anxiouswealthmon0000osbu/page/n153 140]}}</ref> Bunday ish salomatlik bilan bog'liq muammolarga olib kelishi mumkinligi ko'rsatilgan. Masalan, janob Pan ismli tadbirkor “Xavotirli boylik: Xitoyning yangi boylari orasida pul va axloq” asarini yozgan antropolog Jon Osburg bilan uning salomatligi va faoliyatini davom ettirish zarurati haqida suhbatlashdi. Janob Pan, " [[Chendu|Chengdudagi]] eng katta xo'jayin" "ortiqcha  ichlilik iste'moli " uchun kasalxonada edi. Bu holat  u bilan oldin ham sodir bo'lgan. Janob Pan: “Men to‘xtata olmayman yoki sekinlay olmayman. Ko'p odamlarning t tirikchiligi menga bog'liq . Ellikka yaqin xodimim va undan ham ko‘proq birodarlarim bor. Ularning tirikchiligi mening muvaffaqiyatimga bog'liq. Men davom etishim kerak." <ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Osburg|first=John|title=Anxious Wealth: Money and Morality Among China's New Rich|url=https://archive.org/details/anxiouswealthmon0000osbu|date=2013|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford, California|page=[https://archive.org/details/anxiouswealthmon0000osbu/page/n154 141]}}</ref>

=== Janubiy Koreya ===
Janubiy Koreyada '''''gvarosa''''' atamasi ( Hangul   , Hanja   ; muqobil ravishda '''''kwarosa''''' deb nomlanadi) haddan tashqari ishlash natijasida o'limga ishora qilish uchun ham ishlatiladi. Janubiy Koreya dunyodagi eng uzun ish soatlariga ega, hattoki o'rtacha 42 ish vaqti bilan Yaponiyadan ham ko'proq <ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=3032|sarlavha=E-나라지표 지표조회상세}}</ref> Bu ko'plab ishchilarning jismoniy va ruhiy salomatligiga ta'sir ko'rsatadigan ish bosimini his qilishlariga sabab bo'ldi. Ko'pchilik haddan tashqari ishlaganlikdan vafot etgan  va bu masala ko'proq davlat xodimlarining gvarozadan vafot etgani sababli ko'proq e'tiborni jalb qila boshladi. <ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Ko Dong-hwan |date=27 February 2017 |title=[K-Terminology] Koreans being overworked to death in 'kwarosa' |work=Korea Times |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/culture/2017/02/641_224791.html}}</ref> 2018-yilda Janubiy Koreya hukumati ish vaqtini 68 dan 52 gacha qisqartiruvchi qonunni qabul qildi <ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Haas |first=Benjamin |date=1 March 2018 |title=South Korea cuts 'inhumanely long' 68-hour working week |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/01/south-korea-cuts-inhumanely-long-68-hour-working-week |via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref>

=== Shvetsiya ===
Shvetsiyada ishdagi haddan tashqari stress tufayli o'lim hollari kelajakda hozirgi darajadan ortishi kutilmoqda. <ref name="Söderqvist"/> <ref name="Sjöström"/> 2019- yilda Shvetsiya mehnat muhiti bo'yicha organi bilan hamkorlikda tadqiqotchilar bilan olib borilgan tadqiqot shuni ko'rsatdiki, Shvetsiyada 720 ishchi allaqachon oylik maoshli mehnat bilan shug'ullanish stress tufayli vafot etadi. <ref name="Söderqvist" /> Ushbu tadqiqot ommaviy munozaralarning ko'payishiga olib keldi. <ref name="Apel Röstlund"/> <ref name="Persson"/> <ref name="Sjöström" />

** [[:en:Japanese_management_culture|Japanese management culture]]
** [[:en:Japanese_work_environment|Japanese work environment]]
** [[:en:Black_company_(Japanese_term)|Black company (Japanese term)]]
** [[:en:Suicide_in_Japan|Suicide in Japan]]
** [[:en:Japanese_labour_law|Japanese labour law]]

** Japan Work Culture
** Report on Karoshi (1997) from the Job Stress Network website of the Center For Social Epidemiology (Link not working.)
** Japan working itself to an early grave(statistics for 2006)
** Article in ''The Economist'', December 2007
** Yahoo! News article, 7/8/2008
** Picture of a T-shirt warning of karoshi
{{Japan topics}}
[[Turkum:Oʻlim sabablari]]
[[Turkum:Yaponiya iqtisodiyoti]]