Maitreyi sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Maitreyi'''{{Sfn|Staal|2008}} — [[Hindiston tarixi|qadimgi Hindistonda]] [[Vedik]]lar davrida yashagan hind [[faylasuf]]i. U ''[[Brihadaranyaka]] [[Upanishad]]'' asarlarida Vedik adib, Yajnavalkyaning ikki xotinidan biri sifatida tilga olingan; Maitreyi miloddan avvalgi 8-asrda yashagan deb taxmin qilinadi. Hind eposi ''[[Mahabharata]]'' va Gṛhyasutralarda esa Maitreyi turmushga chiqmagan Advaita faylasufi sifatida tasvirlangan. Qadimgi [[sanskrit]] adabiyotida u ''brahmavadini'' (''[[Veddlar|Vedaning]]'' izohchisi) sifatida tanilgan.

Maitreyi ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'' kabi qadimgi hind matnlarida Yajnavalkya bilan suhbatda hindlarning [[Atman]] (ruh yoki oʻzlik) tushunchasini oʻrganadigan dialogda paydo boʻladi. Ushbu dialogga koʻra, sevgi insonning ruhi tomonidan boshqariladi va Maitreyi Atman va Brahmanning tabiati va ularning [[Monizm|birligi]], [[Advaita falsafasi]]ning oʻzagini muhokama qiladi. Ushbu Maitreyi-Yajnavalkya dialogi Sureshvaraning ''[[varttika]]sidir'' (sharhidir).

Maitreyi Hindistondagi ayollar uchun mavjud boʻlgan taʼlim imkoniyatlari va ularning falsafiy yutuqlariga misol sifatida keltiriladi. U hind intellektual ayollarining ramzi hisoblanadi va [[Nyu Deli|Nyu-Dehlidagi]] institut uning sharafiga nomlangan.

== Maitreyi-Yajnavalkya dialogi ==
''[[Rigveda]]'' kolleksiyasida oʻnga yaqin madhiyalar Maitreyiga tegishli<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Devika Rangachari|title=Swami Vivekananda: A Man with a Vision|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ia0CSSnDwUkC|year=2011|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-81-8475-563-3|page=139}}</ref>. U ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'' qoʻlyozmalardagi dialogda hindlarning Atman (ruh yoki oʻzlik) tushunchasini oʻrganadi. Maitreyi-Yajnavalkya dialogi deb ham ataladigan muloqotda sevgi insonning ruhi tomonidan boshqarilishini taʼkidlaydi va unda Atman va Brahmanning tabiati va ularning [[Monizm|birligi]], Advaita falsafasining oʻzagi muhokama qilinadi{{Sfn|Hino|1991}}{{Sfn|Brereton|2006}}.

Bu dialog bir qancha hind matnlarida uchraydi; eng qadimiysi miloddan avvalgi 700-yilga oid asosiy va eng qadimgi [[Upanishadlar]]dan biri boʻlgan ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishadning'' 2.4-bobida tasvirlangan va 4.5-bobida tahrirlangan{{Sfn|Marvelly|2011}}{{Sfn|Hume|1967}}. Maitreyi-Yajnavalkya dialogi [[Madhyamdina]] va [[Kanva (induizm)|Kanva]] [[Vedik maktablari]]ning ikkita qoʻlyozma nusxasida saqlanib qolgan; ularda sezilarli adabiy farqlar mavjud bo‘lsa-da, bir xil falsafiy mavzuga ega{{Sfn|Brereton|2006}}.
[[Fayl:Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Sankaracharya.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Sankaracharya.jpg/220px-Raja_Ravi_Varma_-_Sankaracharya.jpg|alt=Painting of a sage and four disciples, sitting near water|thumb| [[Hind faylasufi Shankara|Adi Shankara]] oʻzining toʻrtta eng yaxshi shogirdlari, jumladan Sureshvara bilan; ikkalasi ham ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishaddan'' Maitreyi-Yajnavalkya dialogiga sharhlar yozgan.]]
Olimlar ushbu dialog qadimgi Vedik anʼanalarida ayollar ruhiy munozaralarning faol ishtirokchisi va Brahman olimlari sifatida qabul qilinganligidan dalolat beradimi yoki yoʻqligi haqida turli xil fikrlarga ega{{Sfn|Majumdar|1977}}{{Sfn|Marvelly|2011}}. [[Hindshunoslik|Indolog]] va Dinlar tarixi professori [[Vendi Doniger]]ning taʼkidlashicha, ushbu dialogda Maitreyi muallif sifatida tasvirlanmagan, balki [[Brahmanlar|Brahmanning]] ikki xotinidan kuchli ilmi bilan ajralib turadigan Upanishadik hikoyasining bir qismidir{{Sfn|Doniger|2010}}. Boshqa bir amerikalik hindolog va din professori Karen Pechelis, aksincha, Maitreyi teologik fikrlovchi sifatida tasvirlangan, chunki u ushbu dialogda Yajnavalkyaga qarshi chiqadi va toʻgʻridan-toʻgri savollar beradi<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Karen Pechilis|title=The Graceful Guru: Hindu Female Gurus in India and the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c25pFbnQc18C|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514537-3|pages=14–15}}</ref>.

Sureshvara (Suresvaracharya, milodiy 750 y.) kabi birinchi ming yillikdagi hind olimlari bu erkak va ayol muloqotini har ikki tomonda ham chuqur mazmunli deb bilishgan; Maitreyi boylikdan bosh tortadi, erining maʼnaviy bilimlarini baham koʻrishni xohlaydi va Upanishdik hikoyasining toʻrtta maʼlum versiyasida u Yajnavalkyaning Atman nazariyasiga qarshi chiqadi{{Sfn|Brereton|2006}}{{Sfn|Hino|1991}}. Yajnavalkya Maitreyining shijoatini tan oladi va uning savollari uning oliy bilim izlovchisi va Atmanni sevuvchi ekanligidan dalolat beradi.

Upanishaddagi Maitreyi dialogi gender munosabatlarining oʻlchovi boʻlishdan tashqari muhim ahamiyatga ega. [[Hind falsafasi]]ning nufuzli [[Advaita Vedanta]] maktabining olimi Adi Shankara oʻzining „''Brihadaranyakopanishad bhashya''“ asarida ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishadning'' 2.4-bobidagi Maitreyi-Yajnavalkya dialogining maqsadi insonning bilimi va ahamiyatini taʼkidlash ekanligini yozgan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Paul Deussen|title=The System of the Vedanta: According to Badarayana's Brahma-Sutras and Shankara's Commentary thereon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DI7cCgAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=KB Classics Reprint|isbn=978-1-5191-1778-6|pages=173–174}}</ref>.

== Xotirasi ==
Maitreyi „qadimgi Hindistonning eng bilimdon va fazilatli ayollaridan biri“ sifatida bir qator [[Purana]] janrida tilga olinadi{{Sfn|Geaves|2009}} va Hindistondagi intellektual ayollarni ramziy qiladi{{Sfn|Doniger|2010}}. [[Nyu Deli|Yangi Dehlidagi]] kollej uning nomi bilan atalgan{{Sfn|Ahuja|2011}} Maitreyi Vedik qishlogʻi, [[Tamilnad|Tamil Nadudagi]] dam olish maskani<ref name="Honour">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://maitreyivedic.in/|sarlavha=An Eco-Spiritual Retreat|kirish sanasi=11 December 2015|nashriyot=Maitreyi - The Vedic Village}}</ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Adabiyotlar ==

* {{Kitob manbasi|last=Ahuja|first=M. L.|title=Women in Indian Mythology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=day64iGXDFAC&pg=PT39|location=New Delhi|publisher=Rupa & Co.|year=2011|isbn=978-81-291-1825-7}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|first=Paul|last=Bowen|year=1998|title=Themes and issues in Hinduism|publisher=[[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell]]|isbn=978-0-304-33850-4|url=https://archive.org/details/themesissuesinhi0000unse}}
* {{Jurnal manbasi|first1=Joel P.|last=Brereton|year=2006|jstor=20064512|title=The Composition of the Maitreyī Dialogue in the Brhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-oriental-society_july-september-2006_126_3/page/323|journal=[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]]|volume=126|pages=323–345|number=3}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|last=Candrakīrti|authorlink=Candrakīrti|title=Four Illusions: Candrakīrti's Advice for Travelers on the Bodhisattva Path|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xHsE2rUVTsQC&pg=PT52|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2003|isbn=978-0-19-515112-1}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|first=Paul|last=Deussen|year=2010|title=Sixty Upanishads of the Veda|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-81-208-1468-4}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|first=Wendy|last=Doniger|title=The Hindus: An Alternative History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nNsXZkdHvXUC|year=2010|origyear=First published 2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-959334-7}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|first=Ron|last=Geaves|year=2009|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism (Editors: Denise Cush, Catherine Robinson, Michael York)|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-55623-1}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|last=Hino|first=Shoun|title=Suresvara's Vartika On Yajnavalkya'S-Maitreyi Dialogue|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvcrBnKaIgEC|year=1991|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0729-7|edition=2nd}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|url=https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n121/mode/2up|title=Brihadaranyaka Upanishad|first=Robert|last=Hume|publisher=(Translator), Oxford University Press|year=1967}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|last=Majumdar|first=Ramesh Chandra|authorlink=R. C. Majumdar|title=Ancient India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNxiN5tzKOgC&pg=PA90|edition=8th|location=Delhi|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass|Motilal Banarsidass Publishers]]|year=1977|isbn=978-81-208-0436-4}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|last=Marvelly|first=Paula|title=Women of Wisdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxcegJBHHNAC&pg=PT43|location=Oxford|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|year=2011|isbn=978-1-78028-367-8}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|first=Patrick|last=Olivelle|year=2008|title=Upanishads|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-954025-9|url=https://archive.org/details/upanisads00oliv}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|first=Karen|last=Pechilis|year=2004|title=The Graceful Guru: Hindu Female Gurus in India and the United States|url=https://archive.org/details/gracefulguruhind0000unse|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-514537-3}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|last=Staal|first=Frits|title=Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HcE23SjLX8sC|year=2008|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-309986-4}}
* {{Kitob manbasi|last=Weyer|first=Robert Van De|title=366 Readings From Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bAQAgAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7992-070-1}}

== Havolalar ==

* [https://archive.org/stream/upanishads02ml#page/108/mode/2up Maitreyi-Yajnavalkya dialogi, 1-toʻplam] Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 2.4, Maks Myuller (Tarjimon)
* [https://archive.org/stream/upanishads02ml#page/180/mode/2up Maitreyi-Yajnavalkya dialogi, 2-toʻplam] Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4.5, Maks Myuller (Tarjimon)
* [http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/brdup/brhad_II-04.html Yajnavalkya va Maytreyining mutlaq oʻzlik haqidagi suhbati], 1-toʻplam, Svami Krishnananda (Tarjimon)

 {{Turkumsiz|date=Aprel 2024}}