Mening bir orzum bor sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Voqea bilgiqutisi
| title       = „Mening bir orzum bor“ nutqi
| partof      = [[Vashington marshi|Vashingtondagi ish o‘rinlari va erkinlik uchun marsh]] <br/>va [[Fuqarolik huquqlari harakati]]
| image       = Martin Luther King Jr National Historic Site (36233249121).jpg
| caption     = [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] nutqdan so‘ng
| date        = 1963-yil 28-avgust
| time        = 
| place       = [[Vashington (shahar)|Vashington]], AQSh
| coordinates = {{Coord|38.8893|-77.0499|format=dms|region:US-DC_type:event|display=inline,title}}
| type        = Nutq
| cause       = AQShda afroamerikaliklar <br />uchun fuqarolik va iqtisodiy <br />huquqlarni taʼminlash<br /> hamda irqchilikni tugatish
| participants= [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| website     =
}}
{{External media
| width = 210px
| float = right
| audio1 = [http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/A_76C3B93B557D4976A032C27C72ACED18#at_89.00_s ''I Have a Dream''], 1963-yil 28-avgust, Educational Radio Network<ref name="ern2">{{cite web |title=Special Collections, March on Washington, Part 17 |work=Open Vault |publisher=at [[WGBH Educational Foundation|WGBH]] |date=August 28, 1963 |url=http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/A_76C3B93B557D4976A032C27C72ACED18#at_89.00_s |access-date=September 15, 2016 |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226083309/http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/A_76C3B93B557D4976A032C27C72ACED18#at_89.00_s |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
„'''Mening bir orzum bor'''“ ([[ingliz tili]]da: „I Have a Dream“) — amerika [[Fuqaroviy va siyosiy huquqlar|fuqarolik huquqlari]] faoli va [[Baptizm|baptist]] ruhoniy [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] tomonidan 1963-yil 28-avgustda [[Vashington (shahar)|Vashingtonga]] [[Vashington marshi|ish oʻrinlari va ozodlik uchun marsh]] davomida soʻzlangan [[Notiqlik|ommaviy nutq]]<ref name ="MKNYT">{{Cite news |last=Kakutani |first=Michiko |date=August 28, 2013 |title=The Lasting Power of Dr. King's Dream Speech |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/28/us/the-lasting-power-of-dr-kings-dream-speech.html |access-date=August 28, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908171736/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/28/us/the-lasting-power-of-dr-kings-dream-speech.html |url-status=live }}</ref>. Nutqda King fuqarolik va iqtisodiy huquqlarni taʼminlashga hamda AQShda qonuniylashtirilgan irqchilikka chek qoʻyishga chaqirdi. Vashingtondagi [[Lincoln memorial|Lincoln memoriali]] zinapoyalaridan turib 250 000 dan ortiq fuqarolik huquqlari tarafdorlariga soʻzlangan bu nutq fuqarolik huquqlari harakatining eng mashhur lahzalaridan biri va [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari tarixi|Amerika tarixidagi]] eng ramziy nutqlar qatoriga kirdi<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hansen |first=D. D. |date=2003 |title=The Dream: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Speech that Inspired a Nation |url=https://archive.org/details/dreammartinluthe00hans |location=New York |publisher=Harper Collins |page=[https://archive.org/details/dreammartinluthe00hans/page/177 177] |oclc=473993560 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/I-Have-A-Dream |title=I Have a Dream |last=Tikkanen |first=Amy |date=August 29, 2017 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-date=October 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020183709/https://www.britannica.com/topic/I-Have-A-Dream |url-status=live }}</ref>.

1863-yilda millionlab qullarni ozod deb eʼlon qilgan [[Emansipatsiya proklamatsiyasi]]ga tayanib, King shunday degan edi<ref>Echols, James (2004), ''I Have a Dream: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Future of Multicultural America''.</ref>: „yuz yil oʻtib ham negr hamon ozod emas“<ref name="Alvarez">Alexandra Alvarez, „Martin Luther Kingʻs 'I Have a Dream': The Speech Event as Metaphor“, ''Journal of Black Studies'' 18(3); {{doi|10.1177/002193478801800306}}.</ref>. Nutqning yakuniga yaqin King tayyorlangan matndan chekinib, „Mening bir orzum bor“ mavzusida improvizatsiya qilingan [[Dispositio#Peroratio|xotima]] yasadi. Cherkov ruhiyatiga xos tarzda, [[Mahalia Jackson]] uning orqasidagi oʻrindigʻidan turib, u nutqining eng mashhur qismini boshlashidan oldin: „Ularga orzu haqida gapirib ber, Martin!“ deya hayqirib, uni qoʻllab-quvvatladi. [[Taylor Branch]]ning yozishicha<ref name="auto">[[Taylor Branch|Branch, Taylor]], ''Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954–63'', pgs. 2761–2763, Simon & Schuster (1998). {{ISBN|978-1-4165-5868-2 }}</ref>, King keyinchalik Jeksonning soʻzlari unga yetib borgan-bormaganini bilmagan holda, oʻsha lahzada xayoliga kelgan „ilk notiqlik silsilasi“ga tayanganini aytgan. [[Jon Meacham]] shunday yozadi: „King birgina ibora bilan zamonaviy Amerikani shakllantirgan insonlar safida [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]] va [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]] qatoriga qoʻshildi“<ref>{{cite magazine |title=One Man |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_time_2013-08-26_182_9/page/n27 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=August 26, 2013 |author=Meacham, Jon |page=26 }}</ref>. 1999-yilda notiqlik sanʼati olimlari oʻrtasida oʻtkazilgan soʻrovnomada ushbu nutq XX asrning eng yaxshi amerikancha nutqi deb topildi<ref>{{cite web |first1=Stephen |last1=Lucas |first2=Martin |last2=Medhurst |date=December 15, 1999 |title=I Have a Dream Speech Leads Top 100 Speeches of the Century |url=https://news.wisc.edu/i-have-a-dream-leads-top-100-speeches-of-the-century/ |access-date=July 18, 2006 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] |archive-date=February 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210180800/http://news.wisc.edu/i-have-a-dream-leads-top-100-speeches-of-the-century/ |url-status=live }}</ref>. Jurnalist Sean OʻGrady „[[The Independent|The Independent]]“ nashrida ushbu nutqni „barcha davrlarning ingliz tilidagi eng buyuk nutqi boʻlishga kuchli daʼvogar“ deb taʼriflagan<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/martin-luther-king-i-have-dream-speech-greatest-all-time-washington-dc-1963-50th-anniversary-death-a8280296.html |title=Martin Luther King's 'I Have a Dream' speech is the greatest oration of all time |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |first=Sean |last=O'Grady |date=April 3, 2018 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128204429/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/martin-luther-king-i-have-dream-speech-greatest-all-time-washington-dc-1963-50th-anniversary-death-a8280296.html |url-status=live }}</ref>.

== Tarixiy asos ==
[[Vashington marshi|Ish oʻrinlari va ozodlik uchun Vashington yurishi]] qisman prezident [[John F. Kennedy]] tomonidan iyun oyida taklif qilingan [[Fuqarolik huquqlari toʻgʻrisidagi qonun (1964)|fuqarolik huquqlari toʻgʻrisidagi]] qonunchilikka ommaviy xayrixohlikni namoyish etishni maqsad qilgan edi. Shu sababli, Martin Luther King va boshqa yetakchilar fuqarolik huquqlari harakatining oʻziga xos belgisiga aylangan [[Fuqarolik bo‘ysunmasligi|fuqarolik boʻysunmasligi]] holatlarini qoʻzgʻatib yubormaslik uchun oʻz nutqlarini vazmin tutishga kelishib oldilar. King oʻz nutqini dastlab [[Abraham Lincoln]]ning [[Gettysburg nutqi|Gettysburgdagi nutqi]]ga ehtirom sifatida, Emansipatsiya proklamatsiyasining yuz yilligiga toʻgʻri keladigan tarzda rejalashtirgan edi<ref name="Mills">{{Cite book |last1=X |first1=Malcolm |url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofm00malc/page/280/mode/2up?q=guitars |title=Autobiography of Malcolm X |last2=Haley |first2=Alex |publisher=Ballantine Books |year=1973 |isbn= |location=New York |pages=281 }}</ref>.

== Nutq sarlavhasi va yozish jarayoni ==
[[File:Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C. (Leaders of the march posing in front of the statue of Abraham Lincoln... - NARA - 542063 (cropped).jpg|thumb|1963-yil 28-avgust kuni [[Vashington marshi]] yetakchilari [[Abraham Lincoln]] haykali oldida suratga tushgan: (o‘tirganlardan, chapdan o‘ngga) [[Whitney Young]], [[Cleveland Robinson]], [[A. Philip Randolph]], [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] va [[Roy Wilkins]]; (turganlardan, chapdan o‘ngga) [[Mathew Ahmann]], [[Joachim Prinz]], [[John Lewis]], [[Eugene Carson Blake]], [[Floyd McKissick]] va [[Walter Reuther]].]]
King 1960-yildan beri orzular haqida vaʼz qilib kelayotgan edi, oʻshanda u [[NAACP|Rangli tanali odamlarning taraqqiyoti milliy assotsiatsiyasi]] (NAACP) uchun „Negr va Amerika orzusi“ deb nomlangan nutq soʻzlagan edi. Ushbu nutqda [[Amerika orzusi]] va voqelik oʻrtasidagi tafovut muhokama qilinadi, unda ochiq-oydin [[Oq tanlilar ustunligi|oq tanlilar ustunligi]] tarafdorlari orzuni poymol qilgani hamda „federal hukumatimiz ham oʻzining befarqligi va munofiqligi, adolat yoʻlidagi xiyonati orqali orzuga dogʻ tushirgani“ aytiladi. King shunday fikr bildiradi: „Ehtimol, negrlar Amerikaning qalbini qutqarish uchun Xudoning vositasidir“<ref name=KingInstitute>{{cite web |url=https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/i-have-dream |title=I Have a Dream |date=May 8, 2017 |publisher=The Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute |access-date=December 4, 2019 |archive-date=December 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204054210/https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/i-have-dream |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Martin Luther King Jr., "[http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/primarydocuments/Vol5/25Sept1960_TheNegroandtheAmericanDream,ExcerptfromAddressatt.pdf The Negro and the American Dream], speech delivered to the NAACP in Charlotte, NC, September 25, 1960.</ref>. 1961-yilda u bir qancha milliy nutqlari va bayonotlarida fuqarolik huquqlari harakati va talaba faollarning tenglik haqidagi „orzusi“ — „Amerika orzusi… hali amalga oshmagan orzu“ — haqida gapirdi va „orzu“ni ushbu nutqlarning asosiy mavzusi sifatida keltirdi<ref>{{cite book |title=The American Dream: A Short History of an Idea that Shaped a Nation |url=https://archive.org/details/americandreamsho0000cull |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |last=Cullen |first=Jim |year=2003 |page=[https://archive.org/details/americandreamsho0000cull/page/126 126] |isbn=0195158210 }}</ref>.

1962-yil 27-noyabrda King [[Shimoliy Karolina|Karolina shtati]]ning [[Rocky Mount (Shimoliy Karolina)|Rocky Mount]] shahridagi Booker T. Washington nomli oʻrta maktabda nutq soʻzladi. Ushbu nutq uning keyinchalik Lincoln memorialidan soʻzlagan variantidan koʻra uzunroq edi<ref name="Stringer">{{cite web |last1=Stringer |first1=Sam |last2=Brumfield |first2=Ben |title=New recording: King's first 'I have a dream' speech found at high school |date=August 12, 2015 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/12/us/north-carolina-mlk-jr-i-have-a-dream-recording/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=August 13, 2015 |archive-date=August 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813164024/http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/12/us/north-carolina-mlk-jr-i-have-a-dream-recording/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Crook |first1=Samantha |last2=Bryant |first2=Christian |title=How Langston Hughes Led to a 'Dream' MLK Discovery |url=http://www.wkbw.com/newsy/how-langston-hughes-led-to-a-dream-mlk-discovery |publisher=[[WKBW-TV]] |access-date=August 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723032743/http://www.wkbw.com/newsy/how-langston-hughes-led-to-a-dream-mlk-discovery |archive-date=July 23, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Matnning ayrim qismlari oʻzgartirilgan boʻlsa-da, katta qismi, jumladan, „Mening bir orzum bor“ naqorati bir xil edi. 2015-yilda qayta topilganidan soʻng<ref>{{cite web |last1=Waggoner |first1=Martha |title=Recording of MLK's 1st 'I Have a Dream' speech found |url=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/nation/2015/08/11/mlk-recording-speech-found/31470821/ |publisher=DetroitNews.com |agency=Associated Press |date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=August 13, 2015 |archive-date=September 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912235921/http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/nation/2015/08/11/mlk-recording-speech-found/31470821/ |url-status=live }}</ref>, 1962-yilgi nutqning tiklangan va raqamlashtirilgan yozuvi [[Shimoliy Karolina shtat universiteti]] ingliz tili kafedrasi tomonidan ommaga taqdim etildi<ref name="Stringer" />.

King, shuningdek, 1963-yil iyun oyida Detroitda, 1963-yil 23-iyundagi 125 000 kishilik „Buyuk ozodlik yurishi“dan soʻng darhol Detroitdagi [[Cobo Center|Cobo Hall]] binosida 25 000 kishi oldida „Mening bir orzum bor“ naqarati bilan nutq soʻzlagan edi<ref>{{citation |last=Boyle |first=Kevin |title=Detroit's Walk To Freedom |date=May 1, 2007 |url=http://www.absolutemichigan.com/dig/michigan/detroits-walk-to-freedom/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518085036/http://www.absolutemichigan.com/dig/michigan/detroits-walk-to-freedom/ |work=[[Michigan History Magazine]] |access-date=February 15, 2012 |archive-date=May 18, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Garrett |first=Bob |title=Martin Luther King Jr. and the Detroit Freedom Walk |url=http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-54463_19313_20652_19271_19357-205425--,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301072524/http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-54463_19313_20652_19271_19357-205425--,00.html |publisher=Michigan Department of Natural Resources – Michigan Library and Historical – Center Michigan Historical Center |access-date=February 15, 2012 |archive-date=March 1, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Interview With Martin Luther King III |publisher=CNN |date=August 22, 2003 |first=Soledad |last=O'Brien |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0308/22/se.18.html |access-date=January 15, 2007 |archive-date=June 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603112554/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0308/22/se.18.html |url-status=live }}</ref>. Reuther Kingga Detroitdagi [[Avtomobil sanoati ishchilarining birlashgan kasaba uyushmasi|Birlashgan avtomobilsozlik ishchilari kasaba uyushmasi]] qarorgohi boʻlmish Solidarity Housedan ish xonasi bergan edi, u yerda King Vashingtondagi marshi arafasida oʻzining „Mening bir orzum bor“ nutqi ustida ishlagan<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=On the Picket Lines of the General Motors Strike |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/on-the-picket-lines-of-the-general-motors-strike |last=Kaufman |first=Dan |magazine=The New Yorker |date=September 26, 2019 |language=en |access-date=May 12, 2020 |archive-date=June 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603041751/https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/on-the-picket-lines-of-the-general-motors-strike |url-status=live }}</ref>. Vashingtondagi nutqdan bir oz avval „[[How I Got Over (qoʻshiq)|How I Got Over]]“ qoʻshigʻini kuylagan Mahalia Jackson Kingning Detroitdagi nutqidan xabardor edi<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20130827-a-song-that-made-america-believe |title=How Mahalia Jackson defined the 'I Have a Dream' speech |last=Kot |first=Greg |date=October 21, 2014 |publisher=BBC |access-date=August 28, 2018 |archive-date=August 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830041319/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20130827-a-song-that-made-america-believe |url-status=live }}</ref>. Vashingtondagi yurishdan soʻng<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2013/08/28/216141088/for-kings-adviser-fulfilling-the-dream-cannot-wait |title=For King's Adviser, Fulfilling The Dream 'Cannot Wait' |last=Norris |first=Michele |date=August 28, 2013 |publisher=NPR |access-date=August 29, 2018 |archive-date=August 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830005155/https://www.npr.org/2013/08/28/216141088/for-kings-adviser-fulfilling-the-dream-cannot-wait |url-status=live }}</ref>, Kingning Cobo Halldagi nutqi yozuvi Detroitdagi Gordy Records tomonidan „The Great March To Freedom“ nomli LP plastinka sifatida chiqarildi<ref>{{citation |last=Ward |first=Brian |title=Recording the Dream |url=http://www.historytoday.com/brian-ward/recording-dream |volume=48 |issue=4 |year=1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215054705/http://www.historytoday.com/brian-ward/recording-dream |publisher=[[History Today]] |access-date=February 15, 2012 |archive-date=February 15, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|2}}

== Havolalar ==
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3170387.stm Full text at the BBC]
* [https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/mlk_speech/ Deposition concerning recording of the „I Have a Dream“ speech]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070307142153/http://www.negrospirituals.com/news-song/free_at_last_from.htm Lyrics of the traditional spiritual „Free at Last“]
* [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/34872/mlk-before-he-won-the-nobel MLK: Before He Won the Nobel] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118161156/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/34872/mlk-before-he-won-the-nobel |date=2010-01-18 }}; 
* [https://kr.usembassy.gov/education-culture/infopedia-usa/living-documents-american-history-democracy/martin-luther-king-jr-dream-speech-1963/ I Have A Dream]

[[Turkum:Siyosiy iqtiboslar]]