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Misrda taʼlim

Misrda taʼlim 4 yoshdan 14 yoshgacha boʻlgan bolalar uchun toʻqqiz oʻquv yili davomida majburiydir. Konstitutsiya davlat maktablari va ommaviy universitetlarda taʼlimning barcha bosqichlari bepul boʻlishini kafolatlaydi[1][2][3]. Davlat boshlangʻich maktablariga qabul qilish uchun rasmiy talablar yoʻq. Rasman taʼlim bepul boʻlishiga qaramay, ushbu maktablarda kichik miqdorda toʻlovlar undiriladi[4] . Bu toʻlovlar yiliga 210 dan 520 Misr funtigacha (taxminan 5–10 AQSH dollari) boʻlishi mumkin, biroq baʼzi kam taʼminlangan oʻquvchilar uchun bu toʻlov bekor qilinadi[5]. Misrdagi davlat taʼlim tizimi uch bosqichdan iborat. Boshlangʻich va oʻrta taʼlimni oʻz ichiga olgan tayanch taʼlim bosqichi 4 yoshdan 14 yoshgacha boʻlgan bolalarga moʻljallangan boʻlib, u ikki yillik maktabgacha taʼlim, olti yillik boshlangʻich maktab va uch yillik tayyorlov maktabini oʻz ichiga oladi. Shundan soʻng 15 yoshdan 17 yoshgacha boʻlgan oʻquvchilar uchun uch yillik oʻrta taʼlim bosqichi keladi hamda u oliy taʼlim (yoki oʻrta maxsus/post-industrial taʼlim) bosqichiga olib boradi[1].

Manbalar

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 „Education System in Egypt“. Scholaro. Qaraldi: 2025-yil 22-aprel.
  2. ↑ „The Right to Education in Egypt“. State Information Service (SIS). Qaraldi: 2025-yil 22-aprel.
  3. ↑ „Financing for Equity – Egypt“. Education Policy Outlook. Qaraldi: 2025-yil 22-aprel.
  4. ↑ „Education in Egypt“. World Education News + Reviews (WENR) (2019-yil 21-fevral). Qaraldi: 2025-yil 22-aprel.
  5. ↑ „Egypt: Declining Funding Undermines Education | Human Rights Watch“ (en). Human Right Watch (HRW) (2025-yil 27-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2025-yil 18-aprel.

Qoʻshimcha adabiyotlar

  • Human Rights Watch (HRW). (2025) Egypt: Declining Funding Undermines Education.
  • Adal, Raja. Beauty in the Age of Empire: Japan, Egypt, and the Global History of Aesthetic Education. Columbia University Press, 2019.
  • Cook, Bradley J. "Doing educational research in a developing country: Reflections on Egypt." Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 28.1 (1998): 93–103.
  • Faksh, Mahmud A. "An historical survey of the educational system in Egypt." International review of education (1976): 234–244.
  • Faksh, Mahmud A. "The chimera of education for development in Egypt: the socio‐economic roles of university graduates." Middle Eastern Studies 13.2 (1977): 229–240.
  • Herrera, Linda. "Higher education in the Arab world." in International handbook of higher education. Springer, Dordrecht, 2007. 409–421.
  • Heyworth-Dunne, James. An Introduction to the History of Education in Modern Egypt. Routledge, 2019.
  • Krapp, Stefanie. "The educational and vocational training system in Egypt: Development, structure, problems." International journal of sociology 29.1 (1999): 66–96.
  • Radwan, A. (1951) Old and New Forces of Egyptian Education in Egypt. Teachers College, Columbia University Press.
  • Russell, Mona L. "Competing, overlapping, and contradictory agendas: Egyptian education under British occupation, 1882-1922." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 21.1 (2001): 50–60.
  • Saleh, Mohamed. "Public Mass Modern Education, Religion, and Human Capital in Twentieth-Century Egypt." Journal of Economic History 76.3 (2016): 697–735.
  • Williamson, Bill. Education and social change in Egypt and Turkey: A study in historical sociology. Springer, 1987.
  • Yousef, Hoda A. "Seeking the Educational Cure: Egypt and European Education, 1805-1920s." European Education 44.4 (2012): 51–66.
  • Mndarwes, Ezzat „History of Education during Muhammad Ali's era“ (ar). Qaraldi: 2008-yil 19-avgust.

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