Misrning uchinchi sulolasi sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''[[Qadimgi Misr|Qadimgi Misr davlatining]] 3tasulolasi''' ( '''sulola III''' ) - Qadimgi podshohlikning ilk sulolasi.Ilk sultonlikning turli sulolalari ichida [[Misrning to'rtinchi sulolasi|4-chi]], 5-chi shu bilan birga 6-chi sulolalar bor.Ilk qirollik paytida mamlakat markazi [[Memfis]]da joylashgan.

2-chi sulolaning oxirgi tashvishli yillaridan keyin, bu holat mamlakatda  fuqarolar orasidagi urushlarni o'z tarkibiga  olishi mumkin bo'lgan, Misr Djoser hukmronligi boshqaruvi nazoratida bo'lib, oxirgi sulolaning boshlanish davrini ko'rsatib berdi berdi..<ref name="DH">Dodson, Hilton, ''The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt'', 2004</ref> Turin podshoxliklari ro‘yxatida ham, Abyidos sultonlari ro‘yxatida shu bilan birga beshta sulton sanab o'tilgan,<ref name="Wilkinson">Toby A.H. Wilkinson, ''Early Dynastic Egypt'', Routledge, 2001</ref> Saqqara kompyuterida bor yo'g'i to‘rtta, Manetho bo'lsa to‘qqiztasini sanab o'tgan. Bularning ayrimlari bor bo‘lmagan yoki bir qanch nom ostida bir xil sultondir deb hisoblanadi

* Turin qirollari ro'yxati Nebka, Djoser, Djoserti, Hudjefa I va Huni beradi.
* Abydos qirollari ro'yxati Nebka, Djoser, Teti, Sedjes va Neferkareni beradi.
* Saqqara plansheti Djoser, Djoserteti, Nebkare va Xunini beradi.
* Manetho Necheróphes (Nebka), Tosorthros (Djoser), Tyreis (Djoserti/Sekhemkhet), Mesôchris (Sanaxt, ehtimol Nebka bilan bir xil shaxs), Sôÿphis (shuningdek Djoser), Tósertasis (shuningdek, Djoserti/Sekhemkhet), Achêsbêsbé; ''dargumon'' Xaba, ehtimol yo'q), Sephuris (Qahedjet) va Kerferes (Huni).

Arxeologik ma'lumotlar shu narsani ko'rsatib o'tdiki, Ikkinchi sulola vakilining oxirgi taxt valiaxdi Xasekhemvining o'rniga Djoser kelgani ma'lum va u o'sha vaqtda nafaqat o'zining ilgari ma'lum bo'lmagan Horus nomi Netjerikxeti  sifatida tahrirlangan. Djoserning taxt vorisi Sekhemxet bo'lib, u Nebti Djeserti nomi maqomiga ega bo'lgan. Sulola vakilining so'nggi hukmdori Xuni bo'lib, u Qahedjet balki, taxmin, Xaba bilan bir turdagi shaxs  vakili bo'lishi mumkin. Bizga ma'lumki Uchinchi-sulola hukmdorlarining uchta Horus ismi bor: Sanaht, Xaba va tahminiy Qahedjet. Bu uchalasidan bittasi, ehtimoliy Sanaht, Nebka nomi ila qayd etib quyilgan<ref name="Wilkinson"/>

3-chi sulola vakili bilan tanishish ham xuddi shunday qiyinroqdir. Shox sanalarini taxminan milll. avv.2686 yildan 2613 yilgacha bo'lgan davr vaqti kursatilganini aytadi.<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|editor=Shaw|title=The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-815034-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw/page/480 480]|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw/page/480}}</ref> Turin podshohlari ro'yxatda uchinchi sulola vakillari uchun umumiy hisobdai75 yilni o'rtaga tashladi. Beyns va Malek uchinchi sulolani milll. avv. 2650–2575 yillarga<ref name="Wilkinson"/>, Dodson bilan Xilton bo'lsa milll.avv.2584–2520 yillarga to'g'ri kellishi mumkin. Quyida ko'rsatilgan hisob-kitoblar majmuasi yuz yildan  oshiq vaqt davomida  orasidagi tafovut noodatiy ish  emas.<ref name="DH"/>

Ayrim ilmiy sohadagi olimlarUchinchi sulola vakillarining janubiy tarafdan kelib chiqqanini o'rtaga tashlashga qaror qilishdi/ Misrfani olimi , Flinders Petri sulola ikonografik  ma'lumot dalillariga tayanib, [[Sudan]]dan  tarafdan paydo bo'lgan deb chamalasa biologik antropolog soha olimi SOY Keyta o'zining ilmiy nuqtai darajasidan kelib chiqib tafovut bor va Janubiy Misr nuqtasida kelib chiqqanligini ham  bir xil ekanligini ta'kidlab o'tdi.<ref name="onlinelibrary.wiley.com">{{Jurnal manbasi|last=Keita|first1=S. O. Y.|title=Further studies of crania from ancient Northern Africa: An analysis of crania from First Dynasty Egyptian tombs, using multiple discriminant functions|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|date=March 1992|volume=87|issue=3|pages=245–254|doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330870302|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajpa.1330870302|language=en|issn=0002-9483}}</ref> U uchinchi sulola vakili zodaggonlar qismini " [[Nubiya|Nubiya tomoniga]] yaqinlik jihatlari" borligini isbotlaydigan avvalgi [[Radiografiya|rentgen]] va antropologik ilmiy-tadqiqotlarni keltirib o'tdi. Muallif, shu bilan birga,, Djoser suratini "kechki suloladagi yunon-rim tajavuzkor insonlarning rasmlari" ga unchalik  ham mos kelmaydii deb keltirib o'tdi va antropolog Jon Dreyk tarafidan o'tkazilgan ikonografik tekshiruvni isbotlovchi ashyoyviy dalil sifatida keltiirgan<ref>{{Jurnal manbasi|last=Keita|first1=S. O. Y.|title=Studies and Comments on Ancient Egyptian Biological Relationships|journal=History in Africa|date=1993|volume=20|pages=129–154|doi=10.2307/3171969|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3171969?seq=20#metadata_info_tab_contents|issn=0361-5413}}</ref> Alohida maqola sahifasida Keyta janubiy elita vakillarining arxeologik qoldiqlari va ularning vorislari Ikkinchi sulola hukmdorlari va Djoser to'g'risida tuxtalib o'tganda va nihoyat Misrning Abidos shahri yonida emas, balki shimol qismida ko'milganligini aytib o'tdi.<ref name="onlinelibrary.wiley.com"/>

Uchinchi  davr sulola [[Firʼavn|fir'avnlari]]  taxminiy aytganda 75-yil davlatni boshqarganlar. Abidos shahridagi oxirgi arxeologik qazilmadagi topilmalar Djoser [[Misrning ikkinchi sulolasi|2-chi]] oxirgi hukmdori Xasekhemvini kumgan shaxs ekanligi tasdiqlanganligi uchun, hozirgi paytda Djoser uchinchi sulolaning yetakchisi, Xasekhemvining to'g'ridan-to'g'ri vorisi va mas'ul shaxs ekanligiga ishonishadi. tobutini bitirib yakunlagani  uchun.<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|last=Bard|first=Kathryn|title=An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-89611-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_2901405111484/page/140 140–145]|edition=2|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2901405111484/page/140}}</ref> Bu topilmalar Nebka vaSanaxt sulolaning asoschisi ekanligini o'rtaga tashlagan Uilkinson 1999-yildagi kabi avvalgi yozuvlarga qarama-qarshidir lekin, ikkalasi vaqtinchalik bir-biridan unchalik yaqin emas edi; ular Sekhemxet bilan birga qondosh aka-uka bo'lgan bo'lishi mumkin<ref name="towi">Toby A. H. Wilkinson: ''Early Dynastic Egypt''. Routledge, London 2001, {{ISBN|0415260116}}, pp. 80–82, 94–97.</ref><ref name="siro">Silke Roth: ''Die Königsmütter des Alten Ägypten von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende der 12. Dynastie'' (= ''Ägypten und Altes Testament'', vol. 46). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2001, {{ISBN|3-447-04368-7}}, pp. 59–61, 65–67.</ref> Xasekhemvi va uning sevimli juft haloli Nimaathapning o'g'illari sifatida.

 {{Turkumsiz|date=Aprel 2024}}