Ochiq manbali dastur sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[File:Example on open sourse 20210604.png|thumb|350x350px|Cinnamon ishchi muhitida ishlayotgan [[Manjaro]], [[MediaWiki]], [[LibreOffice Writer]], [[Vim]], [[GNOME Calculator]], [[VLC]] va [[Nemo]] fayl menejeridan foydalanadigan Vikipediyaga kirayotgan Firefox skrinshoti, ularning barchasi ochiq manbali dasturiy taʼminotdir.]]

'''Ochiq manbali dasturiy taʼminot''' — [[litsenziya]] asosida chiqarilgan [[dastur]] boʻlib, mualliflik huquqi egasi foydalanuvchilarga dasturiy taʼminotni va uning manba kodini istalgan maqsadda foydalanish, oʻrganish, oʻzgartirish va tarqatish huquqini beradi<ref>{{kitob manbasi |author=St. Laurent, Andrew M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04jG7TTLujoC&pg=PT18 |title=Understanding Open Source and Free Software Licensing |publisher=O'Reilly Media |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-596-55395-1 |page=4 |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422145617/https://books.google.com/books?id=04jG7TTLujoC&pg=PT18 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Jurnal manbasi|last=Corbly|first=James Edward|date=2014-09-25|title=The Free Software Alternative: Freeware, Open Source Software, and Libraries|url=http://ejournals.bc.edu/ojs/index.php/ital/article/view/5105|journal=Information Technology and Libraries|volume=33|issue=3|pages=65|doi=10.6017/ital.v33i3.5105|issn=2163-5226|access-date=28 April 2021|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501023728/https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/5105|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref>. Ochiq manbali dasturiy taʼminot hamkorlikda yoki ommaviy tarzda ishlab chiqilishi mumkin. Ochiq manbali dasturiy taʼminot ochiq hamkorlikning yorqin namunasidir, chunki har qanday qobiliyatli foydalanuvchi dasturni yaratishda onlayn tarzda oʻz hissasini qoʻshishi mumkin. Kodni tekshirish imkoniyati jamoatchilikning dasturiy taʼminotga ishonchini oshiradi<ref name="Open Collaboration">{{Jurnal manbasi|last1=Levine|first1=Sheen S.|last2=Prietula|first2=Michael J.|date=2013-12-30|title=Open Collaboration for Innovation: Principles and Performance|journal=Organization Science|volume=25|issue=5|pages=1414–1433|doi=10.1287/orsc.2013.0872|issn=1047-7039|arxiv=1406.7541|s2cid=6583883}}</ref>.

Ochiq manbali dasturiy taʼminotni ishlab chiqish bir kompaniyaga turli yoʻllar bilan foyda keltirishi mumkin. Ochiq manbali dasturiy taʼminotlarning firmalar uchun bahosi 8,8 trillion dollarni tashkil etadi, chunki firmalar ochiq kodli dasturiy taʼminotdan foydalanmasdan hozir sarflayotgan mablagʻdan 3,5 baravar koʻp sarflashlari kerak boʻladi<ref>{{Jurnal manbasi |last1=Hoffmann |first1=Manuel |last2=Nagle |first2=Frank |last3=Zhou |first3=Yanuo |date=2024 |title=The Value of Open Source Software |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4693148 |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal |doi=10.2139/ssrn.4693148 |issn=1556-5068}}</ref>.

Ochiq manbali kod ilmiy maqsadlarda ishlatilishi mumkin va qobiliyatli foydalanuvchilarga [[dasturiy taʼminot]]ni oʻzlarining shaxsiy ehtiyojlariga moslashtirishga imkon beradi.

== Taʼriflar ==
[[File:Open Source Initiative.svg|200px|thumb|[[Open Source Initiative]] logotipi]]
[[Open Source Initiative]] (OSI) taʼrifi xalqaro miqyosda bir qancha hukumatlar tomonidan<ref>{{veb manbasi |url=https://opensource.org/authority |title=International Authority & Recognition |date=21 April 2015 |publisher=Opensource.org |access-date=7 December 2017 |archive-date=23 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723150523/https://opensource.org/authority |url-status=live }}</ref> standart yoki [[de facto]] taʼrif sifatida tan olingan. OSI dasturiy taʼminot litsenziyasini ochiq manba deb hisoblash mumkinligini aniqlash uchun ''[[Open Source Definition]]''dan foydalanadi. Taʼrif asosan Perens tomonidan yozilgan va moslashtirilgan Debian bepul dasturiy taʼminot koʻrsatmalariga asoslangan<ref>Perens, Bruce. [http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/perens.html Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915025222/http://oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/perens.html|date=15 September 2014}}. [[O'Reilly Media]]. 1999.</ref><ref>{{kitob manbasi|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781565925823|title=''The Open Source Definition by Bruce Perens''|date=January 1999|isbn=978-1-56592-582-3|last1=Dibona|first1=Chris|last2=Ockman|first2=Sam|publisher=O'Reilly }}</ref><ref>{{veb manbasi|url=http://opensource.org/docs/osd|title=The Open Source Definition|date=7 July 2006|access-date=24 August 2008|archive-date=15 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015144021/http://opensource.org/docs/osd|url-status=live}}, The Open Source Definition according to the Open Source Initiative</ref>.

Perens taʼrifiga koʻra, ''ochiq manba'' — kodni ishlatish va oʻzgartirish boʻyicha yengil yoki mavjud boʻlmagan cheklovlar bilan keng jamoatchilikka manba kodini taqdim etadigan keng dasturiy taʼminot litsenziyasi. Bu ochiq manbaning takrorlanmas xususiyati boʻlib, u dasturiy taʼminotning tez rivojlanishini taʼminlash uchun har qanday tashkilot yoki foydalanuvchi tomonidan foydalanish yoki tarqatishda juda kam cheklovlar qoʻyadi<ref name="OSD-annotated16">{{veb manbasi|last1=Open Source Initiative|title=The Open Source Definition (Annotated)|url=https://opensource.org/osd-annotated|website=opensource.org|date=24 July 2006|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505064040/https://opensource.org/osd-annotated|url-status=live}}</ref>.

== Ochiq manbali dasturiy taʼminotni ishlab chiqish ==
{{See also|GitHub}}

=== Afzalliklari ===
Standartning ochiq manbali etib joriy qilinishi ushbu standartning omma tomonidan qabul qilinishini oshirishi mumkin<ref name="dod16">{{veb manbasi|last1=US Department of Defense|title=Open Source Software FAQ|url=http://dodcio.defense.gov/Open-Source-Software-FAQ/|website=Chief Information Officer|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=28 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828150638/http://dodcio.defense.gov/Open-Source-Software-FAQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>. Bu dasturchilarda oʻzlariga ishonch tuygʻusini shakllantiradi. Chunki ishlab chiqarish yakunida har bir [[dasturchi]] ushbu dasturiy taʼminotga egalik hissini his qiladi<ref name="Sharma2002">{{jurnal manbasi | first=Srinarayan | last=Sharma | author2=Vijayan Sugumaran | author3=Balaji Rajagopalan | title=A framework for creating hybrid-open source software communities | journal=Information Systems Journal | volume=12 | year=2002 | pages=7–25 | url=http://www.cin.ufpe.br/~in953/lectures/papers/ISJAFrameworkForCreatingHybrid-OpenSourceSoftwareCommunities.pdf | doi=10.1046/j.1365-2575.2002.00116.x | s2cid=5815589 | access-date=8 September 2008 | archive-date=30 October 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030014215/http://www.cin.ufpe.br/~in953/lectures/papers/ISJAFrameworkForCreatingHybrid-OpenSourceSoftwareCommunities.pdf | url-status=live  | issn=1350-1917}}</ref>.

Bundan tashqari, ochiq manbali dasturiy taʼminot uchun marketing va logistika xizmatlari arzon boʻladi. Ochiq manbali dastur kompaniyaning imidji hamda tijorat mahsulotlarini targʻib qilish vositasi boʻlishi ham mumkin<ref>{{jurnal manbasi | title=Profiting from Open Source | first=John | last=Landry |author2=Rajiv Gupta | journal=[[Harvard Business Review]] |date=September 2000 | doi=10.1225/F00503 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 }}</ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Erkin va ochiq kodli dasturlar]]
[[Turkum:Dastur litsenziyalari]]
[[Turkum:Dastur]]