Pitsa sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Taom bilgiqutisi|commons=Pizza|image=Pizza-3007395.jpg|izoh=Sakkiz boʻlakka boʻlingan pitsa|kelib chiqishi=[[Campania (Italiya)|Campania viloyati]], [[Neapol (shahar)|Neapol shahri]], [[Italiya]]|turi=[[Yassi non]]|milliy oshxona=[[Italyan oshxonasi]]|asosiy komponentlari=xamir, sous (odatda [[pomidor sousi]]), pishloq (odatda [[mozzarella]] yoki [[vegan pishlogʻi|vegan]])|oʻxshashlari=[[Calzone]], [[panzerotto]]}}
{{Italyan oshxonasi}}
'''Pitsa ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|iː|t|s|ə}} {{Respell|PEET|sə}}, italyancha: [[Yordam:IPA/Italian|&#x5B;ˈpittsa&#x5D;]]; Neapolitan: [[Yordam:IPA/Neapolitan|&#x5B;ˈpittsə&#x5D;]]) anʼanaviy [[Italyan oshxonasi|italyan taomidir,]] odatda ustida [[pomidor]], [[pishloq]] va boshqa ingredientlar qoʻshilgan, anʼanaviy ravishda yogʻochli [[pech]]da yuqori haroratda pishirilgan [[xamirturush]]li bugʻdoy asosidagi [[xamir]]dan tarkib topadi.'''

''Pitsa'' atamasi birinchi marta milodiy 997-yilda [[Janubiy Italiya|Italiyaning janubidagi]] [[Gaeta]] shahridan, [[Campania (Italiya)|Campania]] viloyati bilan chegaradosh Latsio shahridan topilgan [[Lotin tili|lotincha]] qoʻlyozmada qayd etilgan<ref name="MartinMaiden3">{{Veb manbasi |ism=Martin |muallif=Maiden |ish=yourDictionary.com |sarlavha=Linguistic Wonders Series: Pizza is a German(ic) Word |url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/pizza.html |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030115224054/http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/pizza.html |arxivsana=15 January 2003}}</ref>. [[Raffaele Esposito]] [[Neapol (shahar)|Neapoldagi]] zamonaviy pitsa yaratuvchisi sifatida tariflanadi<ref name="Schwartz">Arthur Schwartz, ''Naples at Table: Cooking in Campania'' (1998), p. 68. {{ISBN|9780060182618}}.</ref><ref name="Dickie">John Dickie, ''Delizia!: The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food'' (2008), p. 186.</ref><ref name="Orsini">Father Giuseppe Orsini, Joseph E. Orsini, ''Italian Baking Secrets'' (2007), p. 99.</ref><ref>{{Jurnal manbasi |date=14 March 2011 |title=Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe |url=http://www.italymag.co.uk/italy-featured/recipes/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe |url-status=dead |magazine=ITALY Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207192931/http://www.italymag.co.uk/italy-featured/recipes/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe |archive-date=7 February 2013 |access-date=21 February 2022}}</ref>. 2009-yilda [[Neapolitan pizza|neapolitan pitsasi]] [[Yevropa Ittifoqi]]da [[An'anaviy mutaxassislik kafolatlangan|anʼanaviy maxsus kafolatlangan]] taom sifatida roʻyxatga olingan. 2017-yilda Neapolitan pitssasini tayyorlash sanʼati [[UNESCO|YuNESKOning]] [[nomoddiy madaniy meros]]i roʻyxatiga kiritilgan<ref name=":0">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=7 December 2017 |title=Naples' pizza twirling wins Unesco 'intangible' status |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |agency=Agence France-Presse |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/07/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status |url-status=live |access-date=7 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207084312/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/07/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status |archive-date=7 December 2017 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>.

Pitsa va uning turlari dunyodagi eng mashhur taomlar qatoriga kiradi. Pitsa turli restoranlarda, jumladan, pitseriyalarda (pitsa tayyorlashga ixtisoslashgan restoranlarda), Oʻrta yer dengizi restoranlarida va yetkazib berish xizmatlari tomonidan [[ko'cha taomlari|koʻcha taomlari]] sifatida sotiladi<ref name="Miller">{{Veb manbasi |muallif=Miller |ism=Hanna |sana=April–May 2006 |sarlavha=American Pie |url=http://www.americanheritage.com/content/american-pie |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203155552/http://www.americanheritage.com/content/american-pie |arxivsana=3 February 2012 |ish=[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]] |qaralgan sana=4 May 2012}}</ref>. Italiyada restoranda beriladigan pitsa boʻlaklanmagan holda taqdim etiladi va pichoq va vilkalar yordamida istemol qilinadi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Naylor |first=Tony |date=6 September 2019 |title=How to eat: Neapolitan-style pizza |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2019/sep/06/how-to-eat-neapolitan-style-pizza |url-status=live |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914233416/https://www.theguardian.com/food/2019/sep/06/how-to-eat-neapolitan-style-pizza |archive-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |muallif=Godoy |ism=Maria |sana=13 January 2014 |sarlavha=Italians To New Yorkers: 'Forkgate' Scandal? Fuhggedaboutit |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/01/13/262087618/italians-to-new-yorkers-forkgate-scandal-fuggedaboutit |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920211635/https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/01/13/262087618/italians-to-new-yorkers-forkgate-scandal-fuggedaboutit |arxivsana=20 September 2019 |qaralgan sana=20 September 2019 |nashriyot=[[National Public Radio]]}}</ref>. Biroq, ayrim holatlarda, qoʻlda ushlab yeyishga qulay boʻlishi uchun boʻlaklarga boʻlib taqdim etilishi ham mumkin. Pitsa, shuningdek, oziq-ovqat doʻkonlarida turli shakllarda, jumladan, muzlatilgan yoki istemolchi tomonidan mustaqil tayyorlash uchun toʻplam sifatida ham sotiladi. Ular uy pechkasida tobiga keltirib pishiriladi.

2017-yilda jahon pitsa bozori 128 milliard [[AQSh dollari|dollarni]], AQShdagisi esa 44 milliard dollarni tashkil etgan. Ular 76 000 ta pitseriyada tayyorlangan<ref>{{Veb manbasi |muallif=Hynum |ism=Rick |sarlavha=Pizza Power 2017 – A State of the Industry Report |url=http://www.pmq.com/December-2016/Pizza-Power-2017-A-State-of-the-Industry-Report/ |ish=PMQ Pizza Magazine |sana=December 2016 |qaralgan sana=28 July 2017 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729002308/http://www.pmq.com/December-2016/Pizza-Power-2017-A-State-of-the-Industry-Report/ |arxivsana=29 July 2017}}</ref>. Umuman olganda, ikki va undan katta yoshdagi AQSh aholisining 13 foizi har qanday kunda pitsa isteʼmol qilganligi aniqlangan<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Rhodes |first=Donna |display-authors=etal |date=February 2014 |title=Consumption of Pizza |work=Food Surveys Research Group Dietary Data Brief No. 11 |agency=USDA |url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/DBrief/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930194112/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/DBrief/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf |archive-date=30 September 2017}}</ref>.

== Etimologiyasi ==
''Pitsa'' soʻzining eng qadimiy qoʻllanishi eramizning 997-yilida, oʻsha paytda [[Vizantiya imperiyasi]]ning bir qismi boʻlgan [[Gaeta]] shahridan topilgan [[Lotin tili|lotincha]] matnda qayd etilgan; matnda aytilishicha, maʼlum bir mulkni ijaraga oluvchi Gaeta yepiskopiga har [[Mavlud|Rojdestvo kunida]] va yana har oʻn ikki [[Pasxa|Pasxa yakshanbasida]] ''duodecim pitsa'' ({{Soʻzma-soʻz tarjima|12 ta pitsa}}) berishi kerak boʻlgan<ref name="MartinMaiden3"/><ref name="autogenerated12">Salvatore Riciniello (1987) ''Codice Diplomatico Gaetano'', Vol. I, La Poligrafica</ref>.

Kichkina pitsa baʼzan ''[[pizzetta]]'' deb ataladi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Definition of pizzetta |ish=[[Merriam-Webster]] |sana=22 June 2023 |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pizzetta}}</ref>. Pitsa tayyorlaydigan odam esa ''pizzaiolo'' deb nomlanadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |muallif=Doane |ism=Seth |sarlavha=Bringing authentic Neapolitan pizza home |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bringing-authentic-neapolitan-pizza-home/ |ish=CBS News |sana=20 November 2022}}</ref>.

''Pitsa'' soʻzi 1930-yillarda italyan tilidan ingliz tiliga oʻtkazilgan. Bu so'z mashhur boʻlishidan oldin, pitsa ingliz tilida soʻzlashuvchilar tomonidan „pomidor pirogi“ deb atalgan. Baʼzi mintaqaviy pitsalar hali ham pomidor pirogi nomi bilan ataladi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Uyehara |first=Mari |date=6 October 2023 |title=The Many Lives of Tomato Pie |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/06/dining/tomato-pie-pizza.html |access-date=15 October 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>.

== Tarixi ==
{{Main|Pitsa tarixi}}
[[File:Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg|thumb|''Pizzaiolo'' 1830-yilda]]
Pitsaga oʻxshash taomlar haqidagi yozuvlarni qadimgi tarix kitoblarida uchratish mumkin. Miloddan avvalgi <nowiki>VI</nowiki> asrda [[Ahamoniylar davlati|Ahamoniylar imperiyasining]] [[Forslar|fors]] askarlari [[Doro|Buyuk Doro]] hukmronligi davrida oʻzlarining jangovar qalqonlari ustiga pishloq va xurmo qoʻyilgan, yassi non koʻrinishidagi yegulikni pishirganlar<ref>"Pizza, A Slice of American History" Liz Barrett (2014), p.13</ref><ref>"The Science of Bakery Products" W. P. Edwards (2007), p.199</ref>, [[Qadimgi Yunoniston|qadimgi yunonlar]] esa nonlari ustini [[Oʻsimlik yogʻi|yogʻlar]], giyohlar, koʻkatlar va pishloq bilan qoplab, tayyorlashgan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Talati-Padiyar |first=Dhwani |title=Travelled, Tasted, Tried & Tailored: Food Chronicles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c0wiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA67 |isbn=978-1304961358 |accessdate=18 November 2014 |date=8 March 2014 |publisher=Lulu publishers}}{{Oʻlikhavola}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Buonassisi, Rosario |title=Pizza: From its Italian Origins to the Modern Table |year=2000 |publisher=Firefly |page=78}}</ref>. Pitsaga oʻxshash taom haqidagi birinchi qaydlar ''Eneyda'' (III kitob)da uchraydi. [[Garpilar|Garpiya]] malikasi Selaeno troyanlar ochlikdan stollarini yeyishga majbur boʻlmaguncha tinchlik topa olmasligini bashorat qilgan. VII kitobda aytilishicha, [[Aeneas]] va uning odamlariga pishirilgan sabzavotlar bilan toʻldirilgan dumaloq kekslar (pita noniga oʻxshash) taqdim etiladi. Ular nonni yeyishganda, Selaeno bashorat qilgan „stollar“ shu taom ekanligini tushunishadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://dcc.dickinson.edu/eimmart-aeneas-and-trojans-fulfill-anchises-prophecy |sarlavha=Aeneas and Trojans fulfill Anchises' prophecy. |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051513/http://dcc.dickinson.edu/eimmart-aeneas-and-trojans-fulfill-anchises-prophecy |arxivsana=29 March 2017}}</ref>. 2023-yilda arxeologlar [[Pompey]]da kumush laganda boshqa oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari va asosiy taomlar orasida pitsaga oʻxshash taom tasvirlangan freskani aniqlaganlar. Italiya madaniyat vaziri bu „zamonaviy taomning uzoq ajdodi boʻlishi mumkin“ degan fikr bildirgan<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=17 June 2023 |title=Pompeii archaeologists discover 'pizza' painting |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66031341}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=27 June 2023 |title=Pizza's possible 'distant ancestor' found painted in the ruins of Pompeii |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-28/pizza-distant-ancestor-painting-roman-house-pompeii/102533868 |access-date=28 June 2023}}</ref>. ''Pitsa'' soʻzining ilk tilga olinishi lotin tilida yozilgan va eramizning 997-yil may oyida [[Gaeta]] tomonidan yozilgan notarial hujjatda qayd etilgan boʻlib, unda quyidagicha yozilgan: „Rojdestvo kunida oʻn ikkita pitsa, choʻchqa goʻshti va choʻchqa goʻshti buyragi, Pasxa kuni uchun 12 ta pitsa va bir juft tovuq taomini talab qilishgan“<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Sorpresa: la parola "pizza" è nata a Gaeta |url=https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/02/09/news/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635/?ref=twhr |ish=La Reppublica |sana=9 February 2015 |til=Italian |qaralgan sana=16 November 2021 |arxivsana=16 November 2021 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116203023/https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/02/09/news/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635/?ref=twhr&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter}}</ref>.
== Yana qarang ==
{{Portal|Italiya|Taom}}
{{div col}}
* [[Italyan oshxonasi]]
* [[Italyan taomlari roʻyxati]]
* [[Mamlakatlar boʻyicha pitsa turlarining roʻyxati]]
* [[Pitsa pishlogʻi]] 
* [[Xitoyda pitsa]] 
* [[Pitsa yetkazib berish xizmati]] 
{{div col end}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Adabiyotlar ==

* {{Jurnal manbasi |title=The Saveur Ultimate Guide to Pizza |url=http://www.saveur.com/article/hubs/Pizza-Guide |magazine=[[Saveur]] |access-date=2 November 2014}}
* {{Jurnal manbasi|first1=Todd|last=Kliman|url=http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/food-dining/easy-as-pie-a-guide-to-regional-pizza-styles/|title=Easy as pie: A Guide to Regional Pizza|journal=[[The Washingtonian (magazine)|The Washingtonian]]|date=5 September 2012}} Explanation of eight pizza styles: Maryland, Roman, "Gourmet" Wood-fired, Generic boxed, New York, Neapolitan, Chicago, and New Haven.
* {{Kitob manbasi |last=Helstosky |first=Carol |title=Pizza: A Global History |location=London |publisher=[[Reaktion Books]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-86189-391-8 |oclc=225876066}}
* {{Veb manbasi |url=http://www.qsrmagazine.com/news/expert-guide-world-class-pizza |sarlavha=An Expert Guide to World-Class Pizza |nashriyot=QSR Magazine |sana=22 March 2012 |qaralgan sana=16 October 2012 |muallif=Chudgar, Sonya}}* {{Kitob manbasi |title=The Barbecue! Bible |last=Raichlen |first=Steven |year=2008 |publisher=Workman Publishing |isbn=978-0761149446 |pages=381–384 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FWKxatrLCjYC&q=%22grilled+pizza%22&pg=PA382}}
* {{Kitob manbasi |last=Delpha |first=J. |title=Grilled Pizza the Right Way |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-62414-106-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8t-BAAAQBAJ}}

== Havolalar == 
{{Loyiha|Italiya|Flag of Italy.svg}}
{{Commonscat}}
{{Tashqi havolalar}}
{{Italiya oshxonasi}}

[[Turkum:Taomlar]]
[[Turkum:Dunyo oshxonasi]]
[[Turkum:Italiya oshxonasi]]
[[Turkum:Pishloqli taomlar]]
[[Turkum:Pitsa]]