Qahva daraxti sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''KOFE''' (Soneag; arab. — qahva), '''qahva daraxti''' — roʻyandoshlar oilasiga mansub koʻp yillik doim yashil daraxt. Sharqiy yarim sharning tropiklarida, aksariyat Afrikada oʻsadigan 40 ga yaqin turi maʼlum. 5—6 madaniy turi Arabiston yarim orolda 14—15-asr dan, Braziliyada 18-asr dan ekiladi. Yevropaga K. urugʻi 1592-yil keltirilgan va K. ichimligi ichish odatga aylangan. S. arabica (Arabiston K.si) va C.liberica (Liberiya K.si) koʻproq tarqalgan. Kofezorlarning asosiy qismi Braziliya (jahon boʻyicha yetishtiriladigan K.ning yarmi), Efiopiya, Kolumbiya, Yamanda joylashgan. Indoneziya, Hindistonda ham ekiladi. Jahon boʻyicha K. daraxti ekilgan maydonlar 11,5 mln. ga, oʻrtacha hosildorlik 6,16 s/ga. K. oʻstirish uchun yetarli miqdorda namlik (yillik yogʻin miqdori 2200–2300&nbsp;mm) va oʻrtacha yillik harorat 18° dan kam boʻlmagan tabiiy-iqlim sharoit zarur. K. yil boʻyi gullaydi va meva tugadi. Daraxti balandligi 8–20 m. Gullari oq, xushboʻy, ikki jinsli. Chetdan changlanadi. Mevasi 2 uyali rezavor, 9 oyda yetiladi, toʻq yashil mevalar dastlab sariq, pishish davrida qizil rang oladi.

K. urugʻi va qalamchasidan koʻpaytiriladi. Oʻtqazilgan koʻchati 5-yili hosilga kiradi. 30—40 yil hosil beradi. 1 tup daraxtidan 1&nbsp;kg ga yaqin urugʻ olinadi. Urugi tarkibida 13—14 % azot moddalari, 0,65—2,7 % kofein, 2—3 % saxarin va boshqa mavjud.

Ulardan kofein va K. ichimligi tayyorlanadigan kukun olinadi. K. ichimligi tayyorlash uchun K. doni 180—200° xaroratda 20—30 min. davomida qovuriladi, yanchiladi. Qovurilganda ichimlikka jigarrang tus, xushboʻylik va yoqimlik taʼm beradigan moddalar hosil boʻladi. K. kukunini issiq suvda eritib, shakar qoʻshib isteʼmol qilinadi.

== Oʻstirish va foydalanish ==
[[Fayl:Freshly_harvested_coffee_cherries.jpg|alt=Freshly harvested coffee cherries|thumb| Yangi hosil qilingan kofe gilosi]]
[[Fayl:CoffeeBerry.jpg|left|thumb| ''Qahva'' mevalari, Bali]]
''Qahvaning'' 120 dan ortiq turlari mavjud boʻlib, ular urugʻlardan yetishtiriladi. Ikkita eng mashhur turlari: ''[[Coffea arabica]]'' (odatda oddiygina „Arabika“ nomi bilan tanilgan), bu dunyo kofe ishlab chiqarishning 60-80 % ni tashkil qiladi va ''[[Coffea canephora]]'' („[[Coffea canephora|Robusta]]“ nomi bilan tanilgan) taxminan 20-40 % ni tashkil qiladi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.coffeeresearch.org/agriculture/coffeeplant.htm|sarlavha=Coffee Plant: Arabica and Robusta|ish=[[Coffee Research Institute]]|qaralgan sana=17-noyabr 2018-yil}}</ref><ref name="CoffeeProduction">{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Coffee: World Markets and Trade|nashriyot=United States Department of Agriculture – Foreign Agricultural Service|sana=16-iyun 2017-yil|url=https://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/fas/tropprod//2010s/2017/tropprod-06-16-2017.pdf|kirish sanasi=8-dekabr 2017-yil}}</ref>''. C. arabica'' oʻzining shirin taʼmi uchun qadrlanadi, ''C. canephora'' esa koʻproq kofeinga ega. ''C. arabica'' Efiopiyaning baland togʻlari, Sudanning Boma platosidan kelib chiqqan va ''C. canephora'' va ''C. eugenioides'' oʻrtasidagi duragay hisoblanadi<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|last=Lashermes|first1=P.|last2=Combes|first2=M.-C.|last3=Robert|first3=J.|last4=Trouslot|first4=P.|last5=D'Hont|first5=A.|last6=Anthony|first6=F.|last7=Charrier|first7=A.|title=Molecular characterisation and origin of the ''Coffea arabica'' L. genome|journal=Molecular and General Genetics|date=1999|volume=261|issue=2|pages=259–266|doi=10.1007/s004380050965|pmid=10102360}}</ref>.

Daraxtlar isteʼmol qilish mumkin boʻlgan qizil yoki binafsharang mevalarni hosil qiladi<ref name="DaviGovaBridStof06">{{jurnal manbasi|last=Davis|first1=Aaron P.|last2=Govaerts|first2=Rafael|last3=Bridson|first3=Diane M.|last4=Stoffelen|first4=Piet|date=2006|title=An annotated taxonomic conspectus of the genus ''Coffea'' (Rubiaceae)|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=152|issue=4|pages=465–512|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00584.x}}</ref>. Meva koʻpincha „qahva gilosi“ deb ataladi va u „qahva loviya“ deb ataladigan ikkita urugʻni oʻz ichiga oladi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=What is Coffee?|url=https://www.ncausa.org/About-Coffee/What-is-Coffee|kirish sanasi=14-iyul 2020-yil|ish=www.ncausa.org}}</ref>. Ushbu nomlarga qaramay, qahva na haqiqiy [[Olcha|gilos]] (''Prunus'' turkumidagi baʼzi turlarning mevasi), na haqiqiy loviyaga (''[[Burchoqdoshlar|Fabaceae]]'' oilasidagi oʻsimliklarning urugʻlari) aloqador emas.

Kofe mevalarining taxminan 5-10 foizida faqat bitta loviya topiladi. Bu loviya peaberry deb ataladi, u oddiy qahva donasidan kichikroq va yumaloqroq.

Tropik iqlim mintaqalarida oʻstirilgan, qahvaning boʻyi odatda {{Convert|3|-|3.5|m|abbr=on|ft}} gacha yetadi. Koʻpincha oʻstiriladigan kofe turlari yuqori balandliklarda yaxshi oʻsadi, lekin muzlash haroratiga toqat qilmaydi<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|last=Petek|first1=Marcos Rafael|last2=Sera|first2=Tumoru|last3=Alteia|first3=Marcos Zorzenon|title=Genetic variability for frost resistance among Coffea accessions assessed in the field and in a cold chamber|journal=Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology|date=2005-yil yanvar|volume=48|issue=1|pages=15–21|doi=10.1590/S1516-89132005000100003}}</ref>.

''Coffea arabica'' daraxti 3-5 yildan keyin meva bera boshlaydi, oʻrtacha 50-60 yil davomida hosil beradi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.cips.org/Documents/Knowledge/Categories-Commodities/Mintec/MintecCFS_Coffee.pdf|nashriyot=Mintec|sarlavha=Coffee bean: commodity factsheet|qaralgan sana=3-noyabr 2022-yil|arxivsana=4-yanvar 2018-yil|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104011925/https://www.cips.org/Documents/Knowledge/Categories-Commodities/Mintec/MintecCFS_Coffee.pdf}}</ref>. Oq gullar juda xushboʻy hidga ega. Meva pishishiga taxminan toʻqqiz oy kerak boʻladi.
[[Fayl:Coffe_flower.jpg|thumb| ''Kofe'' guli]]
[[Fayl:Coffee_cherry_cross_section.JPG|thumb| ''Qahva'' mevasi kesmasi]]
[[Fayl:Coffea_racemosa00.jpg|thumb| ''Racemosa kofe'' mevalari]]
[[Fayl:Coffee_germination.jpg|thumb| ''[[Coffea arabica|Coffea Arabica]]'' loviyalari unib chiqmoqda]]
[[Fayl:Coffee_arabica_flower.jpg|thumb| ''[[Coffea arabica|Coffea Arabica]]'' gullari]]
[[Fayl:Coffee_arabica_cherry.jpg|thumb| Pishgan ''[[Coffea arabica|Coffea Arabica]]'' mevalari]]
[[Fayl:Open_coffee_cherry.jpg|thumb| ''[[Coffea arabica|Coffea Arabica]]'' mevasi ichidagi loviya]]
[[Fayl:咖啡樹-草坪頭_Coffea_20220203134728.jpg|thumb| ''Kofe'' shoxlari]]

== Ekologiya ==
Qahva loviyalari tarkibidagi [[kofein]] oʻsimlik urugʻlarini himoya qiluvchi zaharli modda boʻlib xizmat qiladi. [[Kofein]] bir vaqtning oʻzida changlatuvchilarni, xususan, asalarilarni oʻziga jalb qiladi<ref name="HamoGrov17">{{jurnal manbasi|last=Hamon|first1=Perla|last2=Grover|first2=Corrinne E.|last3=Davis|first3=Aaron P.|last4=Rakotomalala|first4=Jean-Jacques|last5=Raharimalala|first5=Nathalie E.|last6=Albert|first6=Victor A.|last7=Sreenath|first7=Hosahalli L.|last8=Stoffelen|first8=Piet|last9=Mitchell|first9=Sharon E.|date=2017|title=Genotyping-by-sequencing provides the first well-resolved phylogeny for coffee (''Coffea'') and insights into the evolution of caffeine content in its species: GBS coffee phylogeny and the evolution of caffeine content|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=109|pages=351–361|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.02.009|pmid=28212875}}</ref>. ''Qahvaning'' barcha turlari kofeinni oʻz ichiga olmaydi va eng qadimgi turlarida kofein juda kam yoki umuman boʻlmagan. Kofeinli oʻsimliklar turkumning uzoqroq ''qarindoshlari Teobroma'' (kakao) va ''Camellia'' ([[choy]]) avlodlaridan mustaqil ravishda rivojlangan<ref>{{jurnal manbasi|last=Denoeud|first1=France|display-authors=et al.|title=The coffee genome provides insight into the convergent evolution of caffeine biosynthesis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2014-09-05_345_6201/page/1181|journal=Science|date=5-sentabr 2014-yil|volume=345|issue=6201|pages=1181–1184|doi=10.1126/science.1255274|pmid=25190796|bibcode=2014Sci...345.1181D}}</ref>. Bu shuni koʻrsatadiki, kofein ishlab chiqarish qahva va oʻsimliklar evolyutsiyasida [[Moslashish (biologiya)|moslashuvchan xususiyatdir]]. Meva va barglarida kofein mavjud boʻlib, ular kofe gilos choyi va kofe bargi choyini tayyorlash uchun ishlatilishi mumkin. Meva, shuningdek, koʻplab alkogolsiz ichimliklar, shuningdek, oldindan qadoqlangan choylarda ishlatiladi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://slimfast.com/product_cat/slimcafe-coffee-drinks/|sarlavha=SlimCafe is no longer available|ism=Craig|muallif=Selby|sana=31-may 2019-yil|ish=SlimFast}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.futureceuticals.com/coffeeberry-cascara|sarlavha=Coffeeberry Cascara – Soluble, Sustainable &#124; FutureCeuticals|ish=www.futureceuticals.com}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://stories.starbucks.com/stories/2017/starbucks-cascara-latte/|sarlavha=Starbucks|ish=stories.starbucks.com|qaralgan sana=2022-11-03|arxivsana=2019-04-05|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405101003/https://stories.starbucks.com/stories/2017/starbucks-cascara-latte/}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://dwellerscoffee.com/products/cascara|sarlavha=Brazilian Cascara|ish=Dwellers Coffee|qaralgan sana=2022-11-03|arxivsana=2021-04-19|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419220646/https://dwellerscoffee.com/products/cascara}}</ref>.

Bir nechta hasharotlar zararkunandalar qahva ishlab chiqarishga taʼsir qiladi, jumladan, kofe qoʻngʻizi (''Hypotenemus hampei'') va kofe bargini zararlovchi (''Leucoptera caffeina'').

Qahva baʼzi [[Kapalaklar|Lepidoptera]] (kapalak va kuya) turlarining lichinkalari, ''Dalcera abrasa'', sholgʻom kuya va ''Endoclita'' turkumining ayrim vakillari, jumladan ''E. damor'' va ''E. malabaricus'' tomonidan isteʼmol qilinadi.

== Turlar ==
[[Fayl:Coffea benghalensis P1140577 02.jpg|thumb|Coffea benghalensis]]
[[Fayl:Coffee tree chary.jpg|thumb|Coffea liberica]]
[[Fayl:Coffea racemosa.jpg|thumb|Coffea racemosa]]
[[Fayl:Coffea stenophylla kz02.jpg|thumb|Coffea stenophylla]]
[[Fayl:Coffee Flowers.JPG|thumb|Coffee gullari]]
[[Fayl:Coffea arabica 005.JPG|thumb|Coffea arabica loviyalari]]
# ''[[Coffea abbayesii]]''
# ''[[Coffea affinis]]''
# ''[[Coffea alleizettii]]''
# ''[[Coffea ambanjensis]]''
# ''[[Coffea ambongenis]]''
# ''[[Coffea andrambovatensis]]''
# ''[[Coffea ankaranensis]]''
# ''[[Coffea anthonyi]]''
# ''[[Coffea arabica]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea arenesiana]]''
# ''[[Coffea augagneurii]]''
# ''[[Coffea bakossii]]''
# ''[[Coffea benghalensis]]''
# ''[[Coffea bertrandii]]''
# ''[[Coffea betamponensis]]''
# ''[[Coffea bissetiae]]''
# ''[[Coffea boinensis]]''
# ''[[Coffea boiviniana]]''
# ''[[Coffea bonnieri]]''
# ''[[Coffea brassii]]'' <small>([[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]])</small>
# ''[[Coffea brevipes]]'' <small>[[William Philip Hiern|Hiern]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea bridsoniae]]''
# ''[[Coffea buxifolia]]'' <small>[[Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea canephora]]'' (''"Coffea robusta"'')
# ''[[Coffea carrissoi]]'' <small>[[Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea charrieriana]]''
# ''[[Coffea cochinchinensis]]''
# ''[[Coffea commersoniana]]''
# ''[[Coffea congensis]]''
# ''[[Coffea costatifructa]]'' <small>[[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea coursiana]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea dactylifera]]'' <small>[[Elmar Robbrecht|Robbr.]] Stoff.</small>
# ''[[Coffea decaryana]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea dubardii]]'' <small>Jum.</small>
# ''[[Coffea ebracteolata]]'' <small>([[William Philip Hiern|Hiern]]) Brenan</small>
# ''[[Coffea eugenioides]]'' <small>[[Spencer Le Marchant Moore|S.Moore]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea fadenii]]'' <small>[[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea farafanganensis]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea floresiana]]'' <small>Boerl.</small>
# ''[[Coffea fotsoana]]'' <small>Stoff</small>
# ''[[Coffea fragilis]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea fragrans]]'' <small>[[Nathaniel Wallich|Wall.]] [[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hook.f.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea gallienii]]'' <small>Dubard</small>
# ''[[Coffea grevei]]'' <small>[[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]] [[Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea heimii]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea homollei]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea horsfieldiana]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|Miq.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea humbertii]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea humblotiana]]'' <small>[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea humilis]]'' <small>[[Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea jumellei]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea kapakata]]'' <small>([[Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]) [[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea kianjavatensis]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea kihansiensis]]'' <small>A.P.Davis</small>
# ''[[Coffea kimbozensis]]'' <small>[[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea kivuensis]]'' <small>Lebrun</small>
# ''[[Coffea labatii]]'' <small>A.P.Davis</small>
# ''[[Coffea lancifolia]]'' <small>[[Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea lebruniana]]'' <small>Germ.</small>
# ''[[Coffea leonimontana]]'' <small>Stoff</small>
# ''[[Coffea leroyi]]'' <small>A.P.Davis</small>
# ''[[Coffea liaudii]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Liberiya qahvasi|Coffea liberica]]'' <small>[[William Philip Hiern|Hiern]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea ligustroides]]'' <small>[[Spencer Le Marchant Moore|S.Moore]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea littoralis]]'' <small>A.P.Davis</small>
# ''[[Coffea lulandoensis]]'' <small>[[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea mabesae]]'' <small>(Elmer) [[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea macrocarpa]]'' <small>[[Achille Richard|A.Rich.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea madurensis]]'' <small>[[Johannes Elias Teijsmann|Teijsm.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea magnistipula]]''
# ''[[Coffea malabarica]]''
# ''[[Coffea mangoroensis]]'' <small>Portères</small>
# ''[[Coffea mannii]]'' <small>([[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hook.f.]]) A.P.Davis</small>
# ''[[Coffea manombensis]]'' <small>A.P.Davis</small>
# ''[[Coffea mapiana]]'' <small>Sonké, Nguembou</small>
# ''[[Coffea mauritiana]]'' <small>[[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea mayombensis]]'' <small>[[Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea mcphersonii]]'' <small>A.P.Davis</small>
# ''[[Coffea melanocarpa]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Welwitsch|Welw.]] [[William Philip Hiern|Hiern]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea merguensis]]'' <small>[[Henry Nicholas Ridley|Ridl.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea millotii]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea minutiflora]]'' <small>A.P.Davis</small>
# ''[[Coffea mogenetii]]'' <small>Dubard</small>
# ''[[Coffea mongensis]]'' <small>[[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea montekupensis]]''
# ''[[Coffea montis-sacri]]''
# ''[[Coffea moratii]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea mufindiensis]]'' <small>[[John Hutchinson (botanist)|Hutch.]] [[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea myrtifolia]]''
# ''[[Coffea namorokensis]]''
# ''[[Coffea neobridsoniae]]''
# ''[[Coffea neoleroyi]]''
# ''[[Coffea perrieri]]'' <small>[[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea pervilleana]]'' <small>([[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]) [[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea pocsii]]'' <small>[[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea pseudozanguebariae]]''
# ''[[Coffea pterocarpa]]'' <small>A.P.Davis</small>
# ''[[Coffea racemosa]]'' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea rakotonasoloi]]'' <small>A.P.Davis</small>
# ''[[Coffea ratsimamangae]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea resinosa]]'' <small>([[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hook.f.]])</small>
# ''[[Coffea rhamnifolia]]'' <small>([[Emilio Chiovenda|Chiov.]]) [[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea richardii]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea sahafaryensis]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea sakarahae]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea salvatrix]]''
# ''[[Coffea sambavensis]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea sapinii]]'' <small>([[Émile Auguste Joseph De Wildeman|De Wild.]]) A.P.Davis</small>
# ''[[Coffea schliebenii]]'' <small>[[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea semsei]]'' <small>([[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]])</small>
# ''[[Coffea sessiliflora]]'' <small>[[Diane Mary Bridson|Bridson]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea stenophylla]]'' <small>[[George Don|G.Don]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea tetragona]]''
# ''[[Coffea togoensis]]'' <small>[[Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea toshii]]''
# ''[[Coffea travancorensis]]'' <small>[[Robert Wight|Wight]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea tricalysioides]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea tsirananae]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea vatovavyensis]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea vavateninensis]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea vianneyi]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Leroy (botanist)|J.-F.Leroy]]</small>
# ''[[Coffea vohemarensis]]''
# ''[[Coffea wightiana]]''
# ''[[Coffea zanguebariae]]'' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small>
<gallery>
Fayl:Coffee Plant Roaster.jpg|Tayyor qahva
Fayl:Kafarboj sur kampoj apud Da Lat, Vjetnamio 05.jpg|Kofe plantatsiyalari
Fayl:Coffea canephora berries.JPG|Coffea canephora mevalari
Fayl:20210529 Coffea arabica blossom 009.jpg|Coffea arabica blossom gullari
</gallery>

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

[[Turkum:O‘simlik va qo‘ziqorin stimulyatorlari]]
[[Turkum:Afrika dorivor oʻsimliklari]]
[[Turkum:Osiyo dorivor o‘simliklari]]
[[Turkum:Qahva]]
[[Turkum:Osiyo oʻsimliklari]]
[[Turkum:Qahva (turkum)]]
{{OʻzME}}


{{chala}}