Qoʻnoquy sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[Fayl:Hostel_Dormitory.jpg|thumb| [[Xitoy Respublikasi|Tayvandagi]] yotoqxona yotoqxonasi]]

'''Qoʻnoquy''' yoki '''Xostel''' - bu arzon, qisqa muddatli umumiy [[turar joy]] turi bo'lib, unda mehmonlar yotoqxonani, odatda yotoqxonadagi ikki qavatli karavotni, dam olish xonasidan va ba'zan oshxonadan birgalikda foydalanishlari mumkin. Xonalar aralash yoki bir jinsli bo'lishi mumkin va shaxsiy yoki umumiy hammomga ega. Xususiy xonalar ham mavjud bo'lishi mumkin, ammo mulk yotoqxona deb hisoblanishi uchun yotoqxonalarni taklif qilishi kerak<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://hostelgeeks.com/what-is-a-hostel-defintions/|sarlavha=Definition of Hostel|ish=Hostelgeeks|sana=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |title=5 Star Hostels |pages=12 |work=Hostelgeeks.com |url=https://hostelgeeks.com/what-is-a-hostel-defintions/}}</ref>. Xostellar ryukzak sayohatchilar uchun turar joyning mashhur shakllari hisoblanadi. Ular birgalikda iqtisodiyotning bir qismidir<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Underwood |first=Brent |date=April 10, 2019 |title=Why Hostels Are The Next Big Thing In The US |work=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |url=https://medium.com/@underwoodbrent/why-hostels-are-the-next-big-thing-in-the-us-97f0e2c61b6a}}</ref>.  Xostellarning afzalliklari arzonroq xarajatlar va turli joylardan kelgan odamlar bilan uchrashish, sayohat hamkorlarini topish va sayohat g'oyalarini almashish imkoniyatlarini o'z ichiga oladi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Kelly |first=Shannon |date=April 7, 2015 |title=6 Reasons Why Hostels are the Best |work=[[HuffPost]] |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/6-reasons-why-hostels-are_b_7021350}}</ref>. Hindistondagi Zostel yoki Hostelling International kabi ba'zi hostellar sayohatchilarning o'ziga xos bozoriga xizmat qiladi. Masalan, bitta yotoqxonada kino kechalari yoki umumiy kechki ovqatlar kabi uy ichidagi ijtimoiy yig'inlar bo'lishi mumkin, boshqasida mahalliy sayohatlar bo'lishi mumkin, biri o'zining ziyofatlari bilan tanilgan bo'lishi mumkin, boshqasi esa osoyishtalikda dam olish uchun sokinroq joyga ega bo'lishi mumkin yoki plyaj.<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Gates |first=Tom |date=December 11, 2014 |title=21 more crazy party hostels around the world |work=Matador Network |url=https://matadornetwork.com/nights/20-more-of-the-craziest-party-hostels-around-the-world/}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://hostelgeeks.com/types-of-hostels-boutique-party-5-star-hostels/|sarlavha=7 Types of Hostels – Introduction to Youth Hostels, Boutique, Party, and 5 Star Hostels|sana=14 January 2020|nashriyot=HostelGeeks}}</ref> Yangi yotoqxonalar yanada zamonaviy dizayndagi interyerga e'tibor qaratadi, ularning ba'zilari butik mehmonxonalar bilan tengdir<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Okona |first=Nneka M. |date=October 28, 2015 |title=Ultra-Cool, Ultra-Cheap Stays That Will Change Your Mind About Hostels |work=[[Travel + Leisure]] |url=https://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/best-new-luxury-hostels-around-the-world}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Schwartz |first=Karen |date=July 28, 2015 |title=Boutique Hostels Are Giving Travelers New Options |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/02/travel/boutique-hostels-are-giving-travelers-new-options.html |url-access=subscription}}</ref>. Ba'zilar kattaroq raqamli ko'chmanchilarga, global ko'chmanchilarga va bir oz yuqoriroq xususiy xonalarni yoki tinchroq atmosferani afzal ko'radigan doimiy sayohatchilarga xizmat qilishi mumkin<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Mohn |first=Tanya |date=May 16, 2016 |title=Hostels Are More Popular Than Ever Among Travel-Leaning Millennials |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tanyamohn/2016/05/16/a-hostel-revolution-fueled-by-young-travelers/}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Ram |first=Aliya |date=December 27, 2016 |title=Millennial business travellers promise growth in hostel trade |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/f001ff66-0d30-11e6-ad80-67655613c2d6 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/f001ff66-0d30-11e6-ad80-67655613c2d6 |archive-date=2022-12-10}}</ref>.

Ko'pgina hostellar mahalliy mulkdir va boshqariladi va ko'pincha operator va yashovchilar uchun mehmonxonalarga qaraganda arzonroqdir. Xostellar mehmonlarga resepsiyonist yoki uy xo'jaligida ishlash evaziga bepul yoki chegirma bilan uzoq muddatli turar joyni taklif qilishi mumkin.

[[Yevropa]]da 10 000 ga yaqin, AQShda esa 300 ga yaqin hostel mavjud.<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Underwood |first=Brent |date=July 14, 2016 |title=Why Millennials (And Investors) Are Flocking To U.S. Hostels |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/under30network/2016/07/14/why-millennials-and-investors-are-flocking-to-u-s-hostels/}}</ref> Odatda mehmon 16 yoshdan 34 yoshgacha bo'ladi, garchi u mamlakatga qarab farq qilishi mumkin.<ref name="savills">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=26 January 2016 |title=European Tourist Hostel Report |work=[[Savills]] |url=https://www.savills.co.uk/research_articles/229130/198686-0}}</ref>

[[Fayl:Matkakoti_1.jpg|thumb| Gasthouse Lohja (sobiq Matkakoti), [[Finlandiya]]ning Lohja shahridagi yotoqxona]]

Umumiy oshxona jihozlaridan tashqari, ba'zi yotoqxonalarda restoran va/yoki bar mavjud<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=King |first=Danny |date=May 1, 2018 |title=Hotel-hostel chainlets lead with their food and drink offerings |work=[[Travel Weekly]] |url=https://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Hotel-News/Hotel-hostel-chainlets-lead-with-their-food-and-drink-offerings}}</ref>. [[Kir yuvish mashinasi|Kir yuvish mashinalari]] va kiyim quritgichlari ko'pincha qo'shimcha haq evaziga taqdim etiladi. Xostellarda ba'zan jihozlarni saqlash uchun kirish yo'llari mavjud. Aksariyat yotoqxonalar qimmatbaho narsalarni xavfsiz saqlash uchun shkaflarni taklif qilishadi. Ba'zi yalang'och yotoqxonalar choyshab bilan ta'minlanmaydi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Spinks |first=Rosie |date=November 27, 2017 |title=How old is too old to stay in a hostel? |work=[[Quartz Media]] |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1137259/should-i-stay-in-a-hostel-yes-if-you-book-wisely/}}</ref>. Ba'zi yotoqxonalarda komendantlik soati va kunduzgi blokirovkalar bo'lishi mumkin, ba'zilari esa, oz bo'lsa-da, yo'lovchilardan ovqat tayyorlashdan keyin yuvish va quritishdan tashqari uy ishlarini bajarishni talab qiladi.<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=McGrath |first=Ginny |date=April 28, 2009 |title=Whatever happened to Youth Hostels? |work=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/whatever-happened-to-youth-hostels-8x725v05sq9}}</ref>

Ko'chma yotoqxona - bu vaqtinchalik yotoqxona bo'lib, u lager, avtobus, furgon yoki doimiy binoda qisqa muddatli kelishuv shaklida bo'lishi mumkin. Ular katta [[festival]]larda yoki turar joy tanqisligi bo'lgan sayohatlarda ishlatilgan<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Morton |first=Elise |date=June 15, 2017 |title=Croatian startup unveils world's first mobile hostel |work=[[Calvert 22 Foundation]] |url=https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/8447/croatian-startup-unveils-worlds-first-mobile-hostel}}</ref>.

Ba'zi shaharlarda hostellar mehmonxonalarga qaraganda xona boshiga o'rtacha daromadni yuqoriroq ekanligini ma'lum qildi. Masalan, [[Gavayi|Gavayi orolidagi]] [[Gonolulu]] shahrida yuqori darajadagi mehmonxonalar 2006-yilda o'rtacha kunlik xona narxi 173 dollarni tashkil etgani haqida xabar bergan bo'lsak, yotoqxona xonalari har bir kishi uchun 25 dollar to'lagan sakkiz kishilik xonalarga bir kecha-kunduzda 200 dollardan tushdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2006/07/09/business/story01.html|sarlavha=Cutting the Budget|muallif=Yerton|ism=Stewart|sana=9 July 2006|ish=[[Honolulu Star-Bulletin]]}}</ref>. Hatto 2007–2008 yillardagi moliyaviy inqiroz davrida ham ko'plab yotoqxonalarda mehmonxona bandlovlari kamaygan bir paytda bandlik soni ko'payganini xabar qilishdi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Alban |first=Debra |date=December 2, 2008 |title=Winter 'Flashpackers' Prepare to Invade Hostels |work=[[CNN]] |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/TRAVEL/getaways/12/02/hostels/index.html?iref=24hours}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Salkin |first=Allen |date=March 14, 2009 |title=In Hostel Basement, Newcomer Sets Sights Far Up the Ladder |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/nyregion/15hostel.html |url-access=subscription}}</ref>.

2013-yilda Avstraliyada oʻtkazilgan tadqiqot shuni koʻrsatdiki, yoshlar sayohati eng tez oʻsayotgan sayohat demografiki boʻlib, hostel sanoati mehmonxona sanoatiga qaraganda tezroq oʻsib bormoqda. Bu shuni ko'rsatdiki, yoshlar sayohati an'anaviy ta'tillarga qaraganda uzoqroq sayohatlar tufayli umumiy xarajatlarning oshishiga olib kelishi mumkin<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Mohn |first=Tanya |date=October 7, 2013 |title=Travel Boom: Young Tourists Spent $217 Billion Last Year, More Growth Than Any Other Group |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tanyamohn/2013/10/07/the-new-young-traveler-boom/}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.destinationnsw.com.au/tourism/facts-and-figures/market-segments|sarlavha=Tourism Market Segments|ish=www.destinationnsw.com.au}}</ref>. [[Yangi Zelandiya|Yangi Zelandiyada]] 2007 yilda ryukzaklar uchun xostellar 13,5% ni tashkil etgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.mbie.govt.nz/immigration-and-tourism/tourism-research-and-data/|sarlavha=Tourism research and data –Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment|ish=MBIE.govt.nz}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.tourismresearch.govt.nz/Data--Analysis/Tourism-Sector-Profiles/Accommodation/|sarlavha=Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment|ish=TourismResearch.govt.nz}}</ref>.

== Kommunal turar joy bilan bog'liq muammolar ==
Mehmonlarga kommunal turar joy bilan bog'liq muammolar tufayli odob-axloq qoidalaridan foydalanish tavsiya etiladi:

* Xostelda mehmonxonaga qaraganda kamroq shaxsiy hayot mavjud. Yotoqxona va hammomdagi uxlash joylarini bo'lishish ko'proq maxfiylikni talab qiladiganlar uchun qulay bo'lmasligi mumkin. Biroq, umumiy turar joy yangi odamlar bilan tanishishni osonlashtiradi. Ba'zi yotoqxonalar umumiy uyqu joylari va kommunal maydonlar tufayli mehmonlar o'rtasida ko'proq ijtimoiy muloqotni rag'batlantiradi. Dam olish xonalarida odatda divan va stullar, kofe stollari, stol o'yinlari, kitoblar yoki kitob almashinuvi, kompyuterlar va Internetga kirish mavjud.
* Deyarli barcha yotoqxonalarda oziq-ovqat tayyorlash uchun umumiy oshxona maydoni va muzlatgichli omborxona mavjud. Aksariyat yotoqxonalarda oziq-ovqat egasini aniqlash uchun yorliq tizimi mavjud. Ba'zi yotoqxonalarda mehmonlar keraksiz taomlarni qoldirishlari mumkin bo'lgan "bepul javon" yorlig'i bo'ladi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=MCCROSKRIE |first=KRISTEN |date=August 15, 2014 |title=7 hostel horrors and how to deal with them |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |url=https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-advice/accommodation/7-hostel-horrors-and-how-to-deal-with-them/news-story/39e1f95afea4eff5ba5aad8215624d60}}</ref>.
* Shovqin uyquni qiyinlashtirishi mumkin, xoh horlama, suhbatlashish va zaldagi ijtimoiy faoliyat, odamlarning chiroq yonib kitob o‘qish uchun turishi, kimdir bardan kech qaytishi yoki erta ketishi. Effektlarni yumshatish uchun ko'plab mehmonlar quloqchalar va ko'r- ko'rona bog'lashdan foydalanadilar.

== Tarixi ==
1909-yil avgust oyida [[Germaniya]]lik o'qituvchi Richard Schirrmann birinchi marta momaqaldiroq tufayli relsdan chiqib ketgan maktab lageriga sayohat qilganidan keyin yoshlar sayohati uchun arzon turar joy haqidagi g'oyasini e'lon qildi. Schirrmann katta yordam oldi va o'zi dars bergan maktabda sayyohlar uchun vaqtinchalik yotoqxona ochdi<ref name="vater">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Hanke |first=Stefanie |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Vater des Jugendherbergswerks |work=[[Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung]] |url=https://www.preussische-allgemeine.de/nachrichten/artikel/vater-des-jugendherbergswerks.html}}</ref>.

1912-yil 1 iyunda Schirrmann Altena qal'asida birinchi yotoqxonani ochdi. Xostelning asl xonalari hozirda muzeyga aylandi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=November 18, 2007 |title=German Youth Hostels Get a Makeover |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/german-youth-hostels-get-a-makeover/a-2864288}}</ref><ref name="hiusahistory">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.hiusa.org/about-us/history-of-hostelling|sarlavha=History of Hostelling|nashriyot=[[Hostelling International USA]]}}</ref>.

Shirrmann [[Birinchi jahon urushi|Birinchi Jahon urushida]] xizmat qilgan va 1915 yil dekabr oyida G'arbiy frontda Rojdestvo sulhini kuzatganidan so'ng, u "barcha mamlakatlarning fikrli yoshlari bir-birlari bilan tanishishlari mumkin bo'lgan mos uchrashuv joylari bilan ta'minlanishi mumkinmi" deb hayron bo'ldi<ref name="vater"/>. 1919-yilda u [[Germaniya]] yoshlar yotoqxonalari uyushmasiga asos solgan<ref name="hero">{{Kitob manbasi|last=Reyes|first=Rudy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zqJh3C1M7kMC&pg=PT109|title=Hero Living: Seven Strides to Awaken Your Infinite Power|date=6 October 2009|publisher=Penguin Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-101-14530-2|pages=109–}}</ref>.

1932-yilga kelib, Germaniyada har yili 4,5 milliondan ortiq tunash qayd etilgan 2000 dan ortiq yotoqxonalar mavjud edi<ref name="hiusahistory" />. Xalqaro yoshlar hostel federatsiyasi (hozirgi Hostelling International ) 1932 yil oktyabr oyida tashkil etilgan. Hozirda u 80 dan ortiq mamlakatlarda 4500 dan ortiq hostellarni ifodalovchi 90 dan ortiq hostel uyushmalaridan tashkil topgan tashkilotdir<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.hihostels.com/pages/534|sarlavha=Our Story|nashriyot=[[Hostelling International]]|qaralgan sana=2023-02-02|arxivsana=2020-11-25|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125005148/https://www.hihostels.com/pages/534}}</ref>. Bu yotoqxonalar ko'proq maktab yoshidagi bolalarga, ba'zan maktab sayohatlari va maktab yoshidagi bolalari bo'lgan oilalarga xizmat ko'rsatadi.

Ikkinchi [[Ikkinchi Jahon urushi|Jahon urushi paytida]] Evropadagi ko'plab yotoqxonalar vaqtincha yopildi.

1960-1970-yillarda hosteling gullab-yashnadi.

Sanoat 1970-yillardagi energiya inqirozi davrida pasayib ketdi.

Xostellar 2007-2008 yillardagi moliyaviy inqiroz davrida qisman qimmatligi tufayli o'sishda davom etdi<ref name="savills" />.

Buyuk turg'unlikdan so'ng sanoat [[New York (shahar)|Nyu-York]], [[Rim]], [[Buenos Ayres|Buenos-Ayres]] va [[Mayami]] shaharlarida tez sur'atlar bilan o'sdi.<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Laboy |first=Suzette |date=May 16, 2008 |title=South Beach becoming backpacker hot spot |publisher=[[Seattle Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=http://old.seattletimes.com/html/travel/2004419334_websouthbeach16.html}}</ref> Biroq, 2010-yilgi qonun Nyu-York shahridagi yotoqxonalarning o'sishini chekladi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Honan |first=Katie |date=August 12, 2019 |title=New York City Considers Lifting Hostel Ban to Lure More Tourists |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-city-considers-lifting-hostel-ban-to-lure-more-tourists-11565649721?mc_cid=ee550a7f4d&mc_eid=e8c1567584}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Josephs |first=Leslie |date=November 30, 2016 |title=Why New York doesn't have hostels |work=[[Quartz Media]] |url=https://qz.com/849041/why-doesnt-new-york-city-have-hostels/}}</ref>.

== Yana qarang ==

* [[Otel|Mehmonxona]]
* [[Motel]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar|2}}

{{Turkumsiz|date=Aprel 2024}}