Quorn sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Infobox company
| name = Quorn
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = <!-- Use ISO 639-1 code, e.g. "fr" for French. For multiple names in different languages, use {{lang|[code]|[name]}}. -->
| logo = File:Quorn logo.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| logo_padding =
| image = File:Cordon bleu Quorn 02.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A Quorn Cordon Bleu
| type =
| founded = {{start date and age|1985}}
| founder = Marlow Foods Ltd (JV [[Rank Hovis McDougall|RHM]] & [[Imperial Chemical Industries|ICI]] oʻrtasidagi qoʻshma korxona)
| hq_location = [[Angliya]], [[Buyuk Britaniya]]
| hq_location_city =
| hq_location_country = [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
| area_served = Butun dunyo
| key_people =
| industry = [[Oziq-ovqat]]
| products = Goʻsht oʻrnini bosadigan mahsulotlar
| brands =
| services =
| owner = [[Monde Nissin|Monde Nissin Corporation]] (2015–present)
| ratio = <!-- for BANKS ONLY -->
| rating = <!-- for BANKS ONLY -->
| website = {{URL|quorn.co.uk}}
| former_name =
}}

'''Quorn''' – [[goʻsht]] oʻrnini bosuvchi mahsulotlar brendi yoki ularni ishlab chiqaruvchi kompaniya. Quorn [[Buyuk Britaniya]]da paydo boʻlgan va asosan, [[Yevropa]]da sotiladi, lekin boshqa 11 mamlakatda ham mavjud. Brendning asosiy kompaniyasi [[Monde Nissin]]ga tegishli<ref>{{cite web|title=Quorn FAQ|url=https://www.quorn.co.uk/faqs|website=Quorn.co.uk|access-date=21 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412145755/https://www.quorn.co.uk/faqs|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>.

Quorn brendining barchasi mahsulotlari ovqatlarda ishlatiladigan goʻsht oʻrnini bosuvchi boʻlib, asosan qadoqlangan holatda sotiladi.

Barcha Quorn mahsulotlarini [[vegetarianlik | vegetaryanlar]] uchun taklif qilsa-da, hamma vegetaryanlar ham birdek isteʼmol qilmaydi<ref> https://foodmatterslive.com/article/quorn-vegan-friendly/#:~:text=Sometimes!,not%20suitable%20for%20vegan%20consumption.</ref>. Quornning barcha oziq-ovqatlari tarkibida qoʻziqorinidan olingan [[mikoprotein]] ''Fusarium venenatum'' mavjud<ref>Finnigan, TJA (2011) Mycoprotein: origins, production and properties. In ''Handbook of Food Proteins'' (eds. G. O. Philips and P. A. Williams), pp 335–352. Woodhead Publishing Ltd</ref>. Koʻpgina Quorn mahsulotlari quritiladi va bogʻlovchi vazifasini bajaradigan [[tuxum oqi]] bilan aralashtiriladi, soʻngra qoliblarga solinadi va turli shakllarda ishlab chiqariladi. Vegan formulasida tuxum oqi oʻrniga bogʻlovchi sifatida [[kartoshka]] oqsilidan foydalanadi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fusarium venenatum - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/fusarium-venenatum|access-date=2021-06-02|website=www.sciencedirect.com}}</ref>.

== Tarixi ==
Quorn 1985-yilda Rank Hovis McDougall (RHM) va Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) oʻrtasidagi qoʻshma korxona Marlow Foods tomonidan ishga tushirilgan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quorn.co.uk/about/|title=FAQs About Quorn – Is Quorn Vegan/Gluten Free & More|website=Quorn|access-date=31 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729213931/http://www.quorn.co.uk/about/|archive-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>.

Mikrobial biomass tijoratida inson yoki hayvonlarga oziq-ovqati uchun Bir hujayralik oqsil (SCP) va pishirish sanoati uchun hayotga tatbiq etiladigan xamirturush hujayralari sifatida ishlab chiqarilgan. Non xamirturush sanoat ishlab chiqarishi 1900-yillarning boshida boshlangan va xamirturush biomassasi [[Birinchi jahon urushi]] vaqti Germaniyada insonlar uchun oziq-ovqat sifatida ishlatilgan. 1960-yillarning oxirida tijoratli oqsil manbai sifatida mikrobial biomassani ishlab chiqarish uchun keng koʻlamli jarayonlarning rivojlanishi jiddiy ravishda boshlandi.

Tekshiruv jarayonlarning bir qanchasi siyosiy va iqtisodiy muammolar tufayli natija bermadi, biroq ICI Pruteen tomonidan chorva ozuqasi uchun bakterial SCP ishlab chiqarish jarayonining oʻrnatilishi fermentatsiya sanoatining rivojlanishidagi muhim bosqich boʻldi<ref name= JH50>{{Cite book |title=Jealott's Hill: Fifty years of Agricultural Research 1928-1978 |editor-first= F.C. |editor-last1=Peacock |last1=Watchorn |first1= N. |last2=Matthews |first2=J.F. |last3=Rout |first3= A.E. |chapter=Chapter 15: Single-cell protein |pages= [https://archive.org/details/jealottshillfift0000peac/page/137 137–144] |publisher=Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. |year=1978 |isbn=0901747017 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/jealottshillfift0000peac/page/1 |url= https://archive.org/details/jealottshillfift0000peac/page/137}}</ref>. Ushbu jarayonda {{cvt|1500|m3}} keng koʻlamda uzluksiz bir hujayralilar ishlatilgan. SCP ni chorva ozuqasi sifatida ishlab chiqarish iqtisodiyoti uncha katta boʻlmagan edi, bu oxir-oqibat Pruteen jarayonining toʻxtatilishiga olib keldi.

Pruteen jarayonidan olingan texnik tajriba ICIga Rank Hovis McDougall kompaniyasi bilan inson oziq-ovqatlari uchun ''zambrugʻ sababli boʻlgan'' biomassasini ishlab chiqarish jarayoni boʻyicha hamkorlik qilishda yordam berdi. Fusarium venenatum biomassasini (Quorn nomi bilan sotiladi) ishlab chiqarish uchun uzluksiz fermentatsiya jarayoni {{cvt|40|m3}} havo koʻtaruvchi fermentatorlar yordamida ishlab chiqilgan<ref>P. F. Stanbury, A. Whitaker and S. J. Hall, ''Principles of Fermentation Technology'', 2nd Ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1995.</ref><ref>D. H. Sharp, ''Bioprotein Manufacture-A Critical Assessment'', Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1989, Chapter 4, p. 53.</ref>.

1960-yillarda 1980-yillarga kelib proteinga boy oziq-ovqatlar yetishmasligi haqida turli xil bashorat qilingan edi<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.quorn.us//cmpage.aspx?pageid=484
| title = History
| website = quorn.us
| publisher = Quorn USA website
| access-date = 4 June 2007
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070701190021/http://www.quorn.us/cmpage.aspx?pageid=484
| archive-date = 1 July 2007
| df = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name=independent050607>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/from-petri-dish-to-plate-the-acircpound172m-fungi-493315.html |title=From petri dish to plate: The £172m fungi |work=[[The Independent]] |date=7 June 2005 |access-date=27 June 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100906170125/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/from-petri-dish-to-plate-the-acircpound172m-fungi-493315.html |archive-date=6 September 2010 |url-status= live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>.

Filament zamburugʻi ''Fusarium venenatum'' 1967-yilda tuproq namunasida topilgan<ref name= "nytimes">{{cite news
| title        = Lawsuit Challenges a Meat Substitute
| newspaper    = [[The New York Times]]
| first        = Melanie
| last         = Warner
| date         = 3 May 2005
| url          = https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/03/business/03food.html?ex=1272772800&en=e24a69012b5704e6&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss
| access-date   = 20 May 2006
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20131219190442/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/03/business/03food.html?ex=1272772800&en=e24a69012b5704e6&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss
| archive-date = 19 December 2013
| url-status   = live
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref>. 1985-yilda RHMga oʻn yillik baholash dasturidan soʻng inson isteʼmoli uchun mikoproteinni sotishga ruxsat berildi<ref name= gras2001>{{cite web
| title        = GRAS Notices – Notification for Mycoprotein, Submitted by Marlow FoodsLtd, November 30, 2001
| work         = FDA.gov
| url          = http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/gras_notices/grn000091.pdf
| access-date  = 27 June 2011
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20121018222514/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/gras_notices/grn000091.pdf
| archive-date = 18 October 2012
| url-status   = live
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name=wiebe>{{cite journal
| last = Wiebe
| first = M.
| title = Myco-protein from Fusarium venenatum: a well-established product for human consumption
| url = https://archive.org/details/applied-microbiology-and-biotechnology_2002-03_58_4/page/421
| journal = Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
| volume = 58
| issue = 4
| pages = 421–427
| doi = 10.1007/s00253-002-0931-x
| pmid=11954786
| date=March 2002
| s2cid = 206934191
}}</ref>.

=== Chakana savdo tarixi ===
Quorn brendi birinchi marta 1985-yilda Marlow Foods tomonidan (Rank Hovis McDougallning Marlow, Bukingxemshir nomi bilan atalgan) sotilib, RHM va Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) oʻrtasidagi [[qo'shma korxona]] boʻlib, ular [[Bir hujayralilar|bir hujayrali]] oziq-ovqat dasturidan boʻsh qolgan fermenterni taqdim etdilar<ref>{{Cite news| url= https://londonist.com/london/history/did-you-know-that-quorn-was-invented-beside-the-thames|title=Did You Know That Quorn Was Invented Beside The Thames?|date=2018-05-28|work=[[Londonist]]|access-date= 2020-02-26|language=en-GB}}</ref>. Ikki sherik zamburugʻni yetishtirish va qayta ishlash uchun [[patent]]lar va [[brend]]ning boshqa intellektual xususiyatlariga sarmoya kiritdilar{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}. Mahsulot nomi RHMga tegishli savdo belgisidan olingan. Ushbu savdo belgisi ilgari [[Quorn Hunt]] nomi bilan atalgan bir qator oziq-ovqat paketlari uchun ishlatilgan, bu nom esa oʻz navbatida Lestershirdagi Quorn qishlogʻidan olingan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wordhistories.net/2018/02/13/quorn-origin/|title=the curious history of 'Quorn' (meat substitute)|first=Pascal|last=Tréguer|website=Wordhistories.net|date=13 February 2018|access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.quornmuseum.com/display.php?id=2011|title= Quorn meat substitute and our village – a connection or not?|website=Quorn Village Museum|access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref>.

Quorn 1993-yil [[Buyuk Britaniya]] hududlarida tarqalgan va 1990-yillarda esa [[Yevropa]]ning boshqa qismlariga va 2002-yilga kelib [[Shimoliy Amerika]]ga kirib kelgan<ref>{{cite web
| title = What is Quorn?
| website = quorn.us
| publisher = Quorn USA 
| url = http://www.quorn.us//cmpage.aspx?pageid=372
| access-date = 4 June 2007
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070701185900/http://www.quorn.us/cmpage.aspx?pageid=372
| archive-date = 1 July 2007
| df = dmy-all
}}</ref>.

== Marketingi ==
Quorn uchun dastlabki reklama kampaniyasida sport ustalari, jumladan, [[Futbol |futbolchi]] [[Ryan Giggs]], [[regbi]]chi Uill Karling va olimpiyada yuguruvchisi Salli Gunnell ishtirok etdi. 2013-yilda kompaniya fitnes ustasi [[Mo Farah]]ni [[marketing]] boʻyicha yangi ishtirokchi etib tayinladi<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/fmcg/quorn-signs-up-mo-farah-for-new-ads-appealing-to-fitness-fans/352941.article|title=Quorn signs up Mo Farah for new ads appealing to fitness fans|work=TheGrocer.co.uk|access-date=21 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131224152210/http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/fmcg/quorn-signs-up-mo-farah-for-new-ads-appealing-to-fitness-fans/352941.article|archive-date=24 December 2013|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Manufacturing/Quorn-boosts-production-by-50-as-US-sales-surge | title= Quorn lifts capacity by 50% to meet surge in US sales | work=Food Manufacture | date=7 September 2015 | access-date=4 June 2016 | first= Mike |last= Stones | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150909235627/http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Manufacturing/Quorn-boosts-production-by-50-as-US-sales-surge/ | archive-date= 9 September 2015 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title = Quorn joins Premier line-up for £172m
| newspaper = [[Evening Standard]]
| url = http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4153/is_20050606/ai_n14657192
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075253/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4153/is_20050606/ai_n14657192
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 24 September 2015
| access-date = 20 May 2006
}}</ref>.

[[File:Quorn Stukjes (1).jpg|thumb|Kubikli quorn]]

== Mahsulotlari ==
Quorn pishirishga tayyor shakllarda, masalan, kublar kabi va [[qiyma |qiyma goʻsht]]ga oʻxshash shaklda sotiladi. Keyinchalik kompaniya sovutilgan vegetarian taomlar qatorini, jumladan, [[pitsa]], [[lazanya]], kottej pirogi va dilimlenmiş goʻsht, [[hot-dog]] va burgerga oʻxshash mahsulotlarni taqdim etdi<ref>{{cite web
| title       = Quorn product range
| website     = Quorn.co.uk
| url         = http://www.quorn.co.uk/range
| access-date = 26 July 2013
| url-status  = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130330163518/http://www.quorn.co.uk/range
| archive-date = 30 March 2013
| df          = dmy-all
}}</ref>. 2005-yilga kelib, Quorn Buyuk Britaniyadagi goʻsht oʻrnini bosuvchi oziq-ovqat bozorining qariyb 60 foizini egallab boʻlib, yillik savdosi 95 million funt sterlingni tashkil etdi<ref name= independent050607 /><ref name="yorkpost" />. 2006-yilga kelib, ushbu brend ostidagi mahsulotlar Buyuk Britaniyadagi deyarli barcha doʻkonlarda mavjud edi; [[Yevropa]] ([[Belgiya]], [[Daniya]], [[Irlandiya]], [[Niderlandiya]], [[Shvetsiya]] va [[Shveysariya]]); va [[Shimoliy Amerika]] ([[Kanada]] va [[AQSh]]). 2010-yillining iyun oyidan boshlab Avstraliyaning doʻkonlarida ham sotila boshladi<ref>{{cite web
| title = Quorn in Australia group
| website = Facebook.com
| url = https://www.facebook.com/group.php?v=wall&gid=43680605908
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title        = Quorn launch in Australia
| url          = http://foodie-central.blogspot.com/2010/05/quorn-product-launch.html
| website= Foodie Central
| access-date  = 17 May 2010
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170704184413/http://foodie-central.blogspot.com/2010/05/quorn-product-launch.html
| archive-date = 4 July 2017
| url-status   = dead
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref>. 2012-yil may oyida Quorn Foods Germaniyada Quornni qayta ishga tushirish uchun quorn.de nemis veb-saytini ochdi.

Ishlab chiqaruvchilar ingredient sifatida tuxumlardan foydalanishga oʻtgandan soʻng, Vegetarianlar jamiyati mahsulotga oʻz muhrini berdi<ref name= "Vegetarian Society">{{cite web|title=Soya & mycoprotein information sheet| website= vegsoc.org |publisher= Vegetarian Society |url= http://www.vegsoc.org/info/soya.html |access-date=20 May 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060428161607/http://www.vegsoc.org/info/soya.html |archive-date=28 April 2006}}</ref>.

2004-yilda [[McDonald's]] Vegetarianlar jamiyatining tasdiqlangan muhri boʻlgan Quorn markali burgerlarni ommaga taqdim etdi<ref>{{cite web
| title       = Quorn timeline
| publisher   = Quorn UK 
| website     = quorn.co.uk
| url         = http://www.quorn.co.uk/cmpage.aspx?pageid=53
| access-date = 20 May 2006
| url-status  = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051224082329/http://www.quorn.co.uk/cmpage.aspx?pageid=53
| archive-date = 24 December 2005
| df          = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/3707120.stm
| title = Vegetarian group backs McDonalds
| work = [[BBC News Online]]
| date = 1 October 2004
| access-date = 20 May 2006
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070107142846/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/3707120.stm
| archive-date = 7 January 2007
}}</ref>. Biroq, 2009-yildan boshlab Quorn burgerlari Buyuk Britaniyadagi hech qanday McDonald’s restoranida mavjud emas edi va [[Beyond Meat]] kompaniyasi yordamida [[McPlant]]larda tayyorlangan. 2011-yilda Quorn Foods Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari bozoriga vegetarianlar maqomini berish uchun tuxum albumin oʻrniga bogʻlovchi sifatida kartoshka oqsilidan foydalangan holda vegetarian burgerini chiqardi<ref>{{cite web
| title=COK Success: Quorn Launches First Vegan Product!
| website = cok.net
| publisher=Compassion Over Killing
| url= http://www.cok.net/blog/2011/12/cok-success-quorn-launches-first-vegan-product
| access-date=18 December 2011
| url-status=dead
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131005080357/http://www.cok.net/blog/2011/12/cok-success-quorn-launches-first-vegan-product/
| archive-date=5 October 2013
}}</ref>. Quorn veb-saytidai maʼlumotlarga koʻra, 2020-yilga kelib, Qoʻshma Shtatlar bozorlarida bir qator Quorn mahsulotlari mavjud edi, ularning aksariyati vegetarianlar uchun edi. Ularda oqsilsiz variantlar ham mavjud.

2014-yil turli xil tekshiruvlar maʼlumotlariga koʻra, Quorn isteʼmolchilarining aksariyati [[Vegetarianlik | vegetarianlar]] emas, balki goʻsht isteʼmol qiluvchilar ekanligi maʼlum qilindi<ref name=TessRiley>{{cite web| url= https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/food-blog/2014/oct/15/vegan-vegetarian-diet-beef-fishless-filets-meat-substitutes-rise|title=From vegan beef to fishless filets: meat substitutes are on the rise|work=The Guardian|date=15 October 2014|first=Tess|last=Riley|access-date=16 December 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213170033/https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/food-blog/2014/oct/15/vegan-vegetarian-diet-beef-fishless-filets-meat-substitutes-rise|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>. Quorn mahsulotlar bozori butun dunyo boʻylab oʻsib bormoqda va kompaniya yanada oʻsishni kutmoqda<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-40686484 | title = Quorn booms as 'flexitarians' increase | work = BBC News | access-date = 21 July 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180124022220/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-40686484 | archive-date = 24 January 2018 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all}}{{Obsolete source|date=May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/feb/12/quorn-revolution-rise-ultra-processed-fake-meat | title = The Quorn revolution: the rise of ultra-processed fake meat | newspaper = The Guardian | access-date = 13 February 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180213141628/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/feb/12/quorn-revolution-rise-ultra-processed-fake-meat | archive-date = 13 February 2018 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all}}{{Obsolete source|date=May 2024}}</ref>.

== Egalik tarixi ==
Dastlab 1985-yilda yaratilgan va Rank Hovis McDougall (RHM) va Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) oʻrtasidagi qoʻshma korxona boʻlgan va Marlow Foods kompaniyasiga tegishli boʻlgan RHM 1990-yilda oʻz aktsiyalarini ICIga sotish orqali ushbu biznesdan chiqib ketadi. 1993-yilda ICI oʻzining biologik mahsulotlar boʻlinmalarini asosiysini kimyoviy biznesdan ajratganda, Marlow Foods yangi tashkil etilgan [[AstraZeneca plc |Zeneca]] guruhini, keyinchalik [[AstraZeneca plc |AstraZeneca]] guruhining bir qismiga aylandi.

2003-yilda AstraZeneca Marlow Foodsni, jumladan Quorn biznesini va tegishli savdo belgilari va patentlarini Montagu Private Equityga 72 million funt sterlingga sotdi. Montagu biznesni 2005-yilda Premier Foodsga 172 million funt sterlingga sotgan<ref name="yorkpost">{{cite news
| url        = http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=56&ArticleID=1047389
| title      = Quorn to get a higher profile as Premier buys maker for £172m
| newspaper  = [[Yorkshire Post]]
| date       = 7 June 2005
| access-date = 20 May 2006
}}{{Dead link|date=December 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. 2011-yilda Premier Foods Quornni Exponent Private Equity va ''Intermediate Capital Group''ga {{nowrap|£205 million}}ga sotdi<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Business-News/Quorn-s-new-owner-sees-bright-meat-free-future|title= Quorn's new owner sees bright meat-free future|publisher= Food Manufacture|date= 8 March 2011|access-date= 27 June 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110704001403/http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Business-News/Quorn-s-new-owner-sees-bright-meat-free-future|archive-date= 4 July 2011|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="telegraph ">{{cite news
| title        = Premier Foods sells Quorn and Cauldron for £205m
| last         = Ebrahimi
| first        = Helia
| work         = [[The Daily Telegraph]]
| location     = London
| date         = 25 January 2011
| url          = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8279574/Premier-Foods-sells-Quorn-and-Cauldron-for-205m.html
| access-date   = 10 October 2011
| quote        = Premier Foods [...] by offloading both Quorn and meat-free sausage brand Cauldron for £205m. [...] creating room for private equity duo Exponent and Intermediate Capital Group to swoop. The price was roughly the same as what Premier paid for the brands in 2005.
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20111008042330/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8279574/Premier-Foods-sells-Quorn-and-Cauldron-for-205m.html
| archive-date = 8 October 2011
| url-status   = live
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref>. 2015-yilda kompaniya egalari kompaniyani biznes auktsioni orqali sotuvga qoʻyishdi. Ushbu auktsionda [[Danone]], Kerry Group, McCain Foods va Nomad Foods kabi savdo ishtirokchilarini jalb qilib, 550 million funt sterlingga (831 million dollar) [[Filippin]]da joylashgan Monde Nissin korporatsiyasiga sotildi<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34407667 | title=Quorn Foods meat substitute firm sold for £550m | work=BBC News | date=30 September 2015 | access-date=4 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527232500/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-34407667 | archive-date=27 May 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/11902915/Quorn-gobbled-up-by-Philippine-noodle-maker.html | title=Quorn gobbled up by Philippine noodle maker | work=The Telegraph | date=30 September 2015 | access-date=4 June 2016 | first=Ashley | last=Armstrong | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225031644/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/11902915/Quorn-gobbled-up-by-Philippine-noodle-maker.html | archive-date=25 February 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>.

== Ishlab chiqarishi ==
[[File:Quorn, uncooked and cooked.jpg|thumb|Quorn filesi – muzlatilgan, muzdan tushirilgan va qovurilgan]]
Quorn Fusarium venenatum PTA-2684 shtammidan tayyorlanadi (ilgari ''Fusarium graminearum'' parazit mogʻor sifatida notoʻgʻri foydalanilgan)<ref>{{cite web
| title        = Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for August 2005
| publisher    = University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
| url          = http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/aug2005.html
| access-date  = 6 January 2010
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110807082258/http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/aug2005.html
| archive-date = 7 August 2011
| url-status   = live
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref>). [[Glyukoza]] va qattiq azot zamburugʻ uchun oziq-ovqat sifatida qoʻshiladi, shuningdek, mahsulotning oziq-ovqat qiymatini yaxshilash uchun [[vitaminlar]] va minerallar qoʻshiladi. Keyin hosil boʻlgan mikoprotein ekstraksiya qilinadi va [[Ribonuklein kislotalar|RNK]]ning ortiqcha miqdorini olib tashlash uchun issiqlik bilan ishlov beriladi. Bunday fermentlangan proteinli oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarishda boʻlgan oldingi urinishlar [[DNK]] yoki [[RNK]]ning haddan tashqari koʻpligi tufayli toʻxtatildi; issiqlik bilan ishlov berilmaganda, [[nuklein kislotalar]]da topilgan [[purin]]lar odamlar tomonidan siydik kislotasini ishlab chiqarish uchun metabolizmlanadi, bu esa [[podagra]] kasalligiga olib kelishi mumkin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mycoproteineducation.com/foodproduction/ferm/quornprod.php|title=Mycoprotein and Quorn product manufacture|publisher=Marlow Foods|location=USA|access-date=20 May 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405132447/http://www.mycoproteineducation.com/foodproduction/ferm/quornprod.php|archive-date=5 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>.

Mahsulot quritiladi va bogʻlovchi vazifasini bajaradigan tuxum oqi bilan aralashtiriladi. Keyin goʻshtning donador xususiyatini berib, notekis shakllarda tayyorlanadi va maydalangan mol goʻshtiga oʻxshash qiyma ichiga bosiladi; tovuq koʻkragiga, goʻshtga va kurka goʻshtiga oʻxshash shakllar; yoki tugʻralgan tovuq koʻkragiga oʻxshash boʻlaklar koʻrinishida boʻladi.

Quornni chaqaloqlarga berishdan oldin tuz tarkibini tekshirish kerak, chunki tuz miqdori mahsulotlarga qarab farq qiladi<ref>{{cite web
| title       = Quorn – Should I Be Eating It? 2013
| work        = Manchester Confidential
| url         = http://www.bodyconfidential.co.uk/Health/Quorn-Should-I-Be-Eating-It-2013
| url-status     = dead
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150221155603/http://www.bodyconfidential.co.uk/Health/Quorn-Should-I-Be-Eating-It-2013
| archive-date = 21 February 2015
| df          = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title        = When can I give Quorn to my baby?
| work         = www.nhs.uk
| url          = http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/when-can-I-give-Quorn-to-my-baby.aspx?CategoryID=62&SubCategoryID=63
| access-date  = 21 February 2015
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150221154956/http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/when-can-I-give-Quorn-to-my-baby.aspx?CategoryID=62&SubCategoryID=63
| archive-date = 21 February 2015
| url-status   = live
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref>.

Buyuk Britaniyadagi Quorn Frozen Qiymasining [[uglerod]] izi mol goʻshtinikidan kamida 80% kamroq ekanligi takidlashdi<ref>Quorn Frozen Mince certification by the Carbon Trust: {{cite web|url=http://www.ktponline.org.uk/ktp-provides-carbon-footprint-certification-for-quorn-tm/|title=KTP provides carbon footprint certification for Quorn(TM)|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140729081412/http://www.ktponline.org.uk/ktp-provides-carbon-footprint-certification-for-quorn-tm/|archive-date=2014-07-29}}</ref>.

Buyuk Britaniya va Yevropa bozori uchun quorn Marlowning Stokesligi bosh boshqarmasida, Shimoliy Yorkshirda va Stokton-on-Tisdagi Billingem yaqinida ishlab chiqariladi<ref>{{cite web
| title = Marlow Foods Locality
| publisher = Quorn UK website
| url = http://quorn.com/uk/business/jobs/region.php+quorn+stokesley&hl=en&gl=uk&ct=clnk&cd=1&client=firefox-a
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050824233848/http://www.quorn.com/uk/business/jobs/region.php
| archive-date = 24 August 2005
}}</ref>.

== Ziddiyatlari ==
Quornning 2002-yilda Qoʻshma Shtatlardagi debyutidan soʻng, Jamiyat manfaatlaridagi fanlar markazi (CSPI) Quornning „qoʻziqorinlarga asoslangan“ mahsulot sifatida asl yorligʻiga qarshi chiqdi, chunki Fusarium venenatum qoʻziqorin emas (toʻgʻrirogʻi, bu kichik qoʻziqorindir)<ref name="cspi">{{cite web
| title        = "Quorn Meat Substitute Deceptively Labeled, CSPI Tells FDA", CSPI, 2002-28-02
| publisher    = Cspinet.org
| date         = 28 February 2002
| url          = http://www.cspinet.org/quorn/quornpr_022802.html
| access-date  = 26 July 2013
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130729022511/http://www.cspinet.org/quorn/quornpr_022802.html
| archive-date = 29 July 2013
| url-status   = live
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref>. Quornning sotilishiga [[Amerika Qo'ziqorin Instituti]] va raqib [[Gardenburger]] qarshi chiqdi, u Yevropa va AQShdagi reklama va savdo standartlarini nazorat qiluvchi idoralarga Quornning „qoʻziqorinlarga asoslangan“ daʼvosi yolgʻon ekanligini taʼkidlab shikoyat qildi<ref name="cspi" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://cspinet.org/new/quornltr.pdf |title=Re: GRAS Notice No. GRN 000091; ''Food Additive Petition FAP 6A3930'' |first1=Michael F. |last1=Jacobson |first2=Doug |last2=Gurian-Sherman |publisher=CSPI |date=28 February 2002 |access-date=15 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020913131532/http://cspinet.org/new/quornltr.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2002 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>.

CSPI Quornni turli xil allergik reaksiyaga olib kelishi mumkinligini va uni doʻkonlardan olib tashlash kerakligini daʼvo qildi. CSPI 2003-yilda „ovqat isteʼmol qiluvchilarning 4,5 foizini kasal qiladi“ deb ishontirishga harakat qildi<ref name="cspi-sickens">{{cite web
| title        = 4½% of Britons Report Problems After Eating Quorn
| publisher    = CSPI press release
| date         = 23 September 2003
| url          = http://www.cspinet.org/new/200309231.html
| access-date  = 20 May 2006
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20060602070016/http://www.cspinet.org/new/200309231.html
| archive-date = 2 June 2006
| url-status   = live
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref>. Ishlab chiqaruvchi (Marlow Foods) faqat 0,0007% (146 000 tadan 1) nojoʻya reaksiyalarga duchor boʻlishini va u ishlatadigan qoʻziqorin shtammi toksinlar hosil qilmasligini takidlab oʻtdi va bu raqamga qarshi chiqdi<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newhope.com/ingredients/quorn-dogged-scientists-call-advocacy-groups-complaints-unfounded|title=Quorn Dogged: Scientists Call Advocacy Group's Complaints Unfounded|date=2008-04-24|website=New Hope Network|access-date=2019-10-25}}</ref>. Pittsburg universitetining ovqatlanish boʻyicha professori Lesli Bonci CSPI daʼvolarini „haddan tashqari boʻrttirilgan“ deb taʼrifladi<ref name=":2"/>. Gardenburgerning marketing boʻyicha vitse-prezidenti Vendi Preiserning aytishicha, Quorn kompaniyasi goʻshtsiz barcha mahsulotlari yorliqlariga shubha tugʻdirishidan qoʻrqadi<ref name="wired">{{cite magazine
| title        = A Mushrooming Quorn Controversy
| magazine     = Wired
| date         = 16 April 2002
| first        = Farhad
| last         = Manjoo
| url          = https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2002/04/51842
| access-date  = 28 June 2012
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120701200235/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2002/04/51842
| archive-date = 1 July 2012
| url-status   = live
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name=":2" />.

Marlow Foods kompaniyasidan daʼvoni olib tashlash uchun yoki uning zamburugʻdan kelib chiqishini aniqlash uchun uni tarkibi oʻzgartirish soʻraldi<ref>{{cite web
| title = Annual Report 2002 (PDF, page 5)
| publisher = [[Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)|Advertising Standards Authority]]
| url = http://www.asa.org.uk/NR/rdonlyres/851AD4D1-E5EB-4D1A-AD8D-DB4D284FB836/0/ASA_Annual_Report_2002.pdf | access-date = 20 May 2006
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060406080523/http://www.asa.org.uk/NR/rdonlyres/851AD4D1-E5EB-4D1A-AD8D-DB4D284FB836/0/ASA_Annual_Report_2002.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive -->
| archive-date = 6 April 2006
}}</ref>.

Ilgari Quorn oʻzining baʼzi ishlab chiqarish jarayonlarida qafaslarda saqlanadigan ferma tovuq tuxumlaridan foydalangan, bu amaliyot koʻplab vegetarianlar tomonidan axloqiy asoslarga koʻra qarshi chiqqan. Dastlab Quorn mahsulotlarini maʼqullamagan Vegetarian jamiyati bilan ishlagan Marlow 2000-yilda<ref>{{cite web
| url          = http://www.ivu.org/congress/2004/lectures/tina-fox1.html
| title        = Selling the Symbol : The Vegetarian Society's Seedling Licence Scheme
| publisher    = speech to the 36th World Vegetarian Congress in November 2004
| author1      = Tina Fox
| author2      = Chief Executive
| author3      = Vegetarian Society
| access-date   = 20 May 2006
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20060710154807/http://www.ivu.org/congress/2004/lectures/tina-fox1.html
| archive-date = 10 July 2006
| url-status   = live
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref> qafaslarda saqlanadigan ferma tovuq tuxumlarini bosqichma-bosqich yoʻq qilishni boshladi va 2004-yilga kelib ularning Buyuk Britaniyadagi barcha mahsulotlari ushbu turdagi tuxumlaridan xoli boʻlib, Vegetarian jamiyatining tasdiqlash muhrini oldi<ref name="Vegetarian Society" />.

2003-yilda [[Bronxial astma|astma xuruji]] Quorn mahsulotlari bilan bogʻliq edi. Tekshiruvlar shuni koʻrsatdiki, bemorlarda allergik reaksiyalariga sabab boʻlgan yagona oziq-ovqat Quorn brendi ostidagi mahsulotlar edi. Oziq-ovqat standartlari agentlik vakili allergiyaga yuqori oqsil miqdori tufayli kelib chiqmasligini aytdi<ref name="bbc linked to asthma">{{cite news
| title        = Quorn linked to asthma attack
| work         = [[BBC News]]
| date         = 30 May 2003
| location     = London
| url          = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2949510.stm
| access-date  = 10 October 2011
| quote        = The patient, a 41-year-old man with a long history of asthma, developed a severe skin reaction, including blistering, and suffered an asthma attack an hour after eating Quorn. Scientists carried out skin prick and food reaction tests and laboratory analysis to confirm what had provoked the allergic reaction. [...] On its Web site, the FSA currently states: "There have been some reports of intolerance to Quorn, but this is not surprising, because it has a high protein content (allergens are usually proteins).
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090301183802/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2949510.stm
| archive-date = 1 March 2009
| url-status   = live
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref>. Sobiq FSA direktori Jon Bell Quornni himoya qilib, odatda isteʼmol qilinadigan bir qancha oziq-ovqatlar va oziq-ovqat ingredientlari, masalan [[soya]], Quornga qaraganda ancha yuqori toqat qilib boʻlmas darajasiga ega ekanligini aytdi. Quorn isteʼmol qilgan 146 000 kishidan 1 tasida nojoʻya taʼsirlar qayd etilgan boʻlsa, 35 kishidan 1 nafari chigʻanoq va 350 kishidan 1 nafari soya isteʼmol qilgan<ref name="bbc linked to asthma" /><ref name="nutra_ingredients">{{cite web|url=http://www.nutraingredients.com/Regulation/FSA-stands-by-Quorn|title=FSA Stands by Quorn|date=4 September 2002|publisher=Nutra Ingredients|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602031404/http://www.nutraingredients.com/Regulation/FSA-stands-by-Quorn|archive-date=2 June 2012|access-date=28 June 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>.

== Mikoprotein patentining amal qilish muddati ==
Yevropa Ittifoqida patentlar berilgan sanadan boshlab 20 yildan keyin amal qilish muddati tugaydi. Birinchi patent arizasi 1985-yilda<ref>{{cite patent
| country  = US
| number   = 4555485
| status   = patent
| title    = Production of edible protein containing substances
| gdate    = 1985-11-26
| fdate    = 1984-03-26
| pridate  = 1983-03-22
| inventor = Robert A. Marsh
| assign1  = Rank Hovis Mcdougall, Plc
| class    = 
| url      = https://www.google.com/patents/US4555485
}}</ref> berilganligi sababli, mikoprotein patentlari 2010-yilda [[Yevropa Ittifoqi|Yevropa Ittifoqining]] barcha mamlakatlarida allaqachon tugagan edi. Endi har qanday odam qonuniy ravishda ilgari patentlangan jarayonlardan foydalangan holda, lekin boshqa brend nomlaridan foydalanmasdan mikoprotein mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarishi mumkin, chunki Marlow Foods Quorn brendiga egalik qildi. 2011-yil 14-mart kuni bosh direktor Kevin Brennan intervyusida shunday dedi: "Asosiy texnologiyaga oid baʼzi patentlar muddati tugagan, ammo mahsulot oʻziga xos fermentatsiya usulidan foydalanadi va biz mahsulotni yaxshiroq va arzonroq ishlab chiqarish uchun buni joyida takomillashtirish boʻyicha 30 yildan ortiq tajribaga egamiz. Ulkan xarajatlar fermentatsiya stantsiyasi va tegishli uskunalar uchun 30 million funt sterling ketishi maʼlum, shuning uchun siz patentiga shunchaki qarab, „boring“ deya olmaysiz"<ref>{{cite web
| title        = Premier didn't realise Quorn's potential, says ceo
| date = 14 March 2011
| publisher    = Foodmanufacture.co.uk
| url          = http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Business-News/Premier-didn-t-realise-Quorn-s-potential-says-ceo
| access-date   = 26 July 2013
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130703065309/http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Business-News/Premier-didn-t-realise-Quorn-s-potential-says-ceo
| archive-date = 3 July 2013
| url-status   = live
| df           = dmy-all
}}</ref>.

== Vegetarian mahsulotlari ==
2011-yil oxirida Quorn Vegan Burger<ref>{{cite web
| title = COK Success: Quorn Launches First Vegan Product! &#124; Compassion Over Killing
| publisher = Compassion Over Killing
| date = 6 December 2011
| url = http://www.cok.net/blog/2011/12/cok-success-quorn-launches-first-vegan-product
| access-date = 26 July 2013
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131005080357/http://www.cok.net/blog/2011/12/cok-success-quorn-launches-first-vegan-product/
| archive-date = 5 October 2013
}}</ref> deb nomlangan birinchi vegetarian Quorn mahsuloti ishlab chiqarildi, dastlab faqat AQShda mavjud edi. Mahsulotning kuchli savdosi va Buyuk Britaniya bozoridagi talabning oshishidan soʻng, Quorn Buyuk Britaniya bozori uchun vegetarian mahsulotlar qatorini ishlab chiqishni boshladi, shuningdek, tuxumdan foydalanishni qisqartirdi va 2010-yildan beri 3,5 million kamroq tuxum ishlatdi<ref>{{cite web|author=Compassion Over Killing |url=http://www.cok.net/blog/2012/05/quorn-foods-plans-launch-new-vegan-option-uk |title=Quorn Foods Plans to Launch New Vegan Option in the UK &#124; Compassion Over Killing |publisher=Cok.net |date=29 May 2012 |access-date=26 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203073946/http://www.cok.net/blog/2012/05/quorn-foods-plans-launch-new-vegan-option-uk |archive-date=3 December 2012 }}</ref>. Buyuk Britaniyadagi vegetarian Quornning birinchi assortimenti ichida sakkizta mahsulot boʻlgan va 2015-yilning oktyabr oyida ishga tushirilgan<ref>{{cite news|title=Quorn Launches Vegan Line|url=http://www.peta.org.uk/blog/quorn-launches-vegan-line/|access-date=9 June 2016|work=PETA UK blog|date=October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529082943/http://www.peta.org.uk/blog/quorn-launches-vegan-line/|archive-date=29 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>.

2019-yilning yanvar oyidan boshlab Quorn Buyuk Britaniyaning Greggs novvoychilik tarmogʻi tomonidan sotiladigan vegan goʻshtsiz kolbasa oʻrami uchun plomba ishlab chiqardi<ref>{{cite news |first1=Rebecca |last1=Smithers |title=How Quorn makes the filling for Greggs' vegan sausage rolls |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/may/17/how-quorn-makes-the-filling-for-greggs-vegan-sausage-rolls |access-date=21 May 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=17 May 2019}}</ref>. Mahsulot doimiy ravishda sotildi va zanjir tomonidan foydani oshirish va rekord aksiya narxining asosiy hissasi sifatida aniqlandi<ref>{{cite web |last1=Togoh |first1=Isabel |title=This Wildly Popular Vegan Sausage Roll Boosted British Bakery Greggs Profits By 58% |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/isabeltogoh/2019/07/30/this-wildly-popular-vegan-sausage-roll-boosted-british-bakery-greggs-profits-by-58/ |website=Forbes |access-date=3 October 2020 |date=30 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Miles |title=Vegan sausage roll success boosts Greggs' profit outlook |url=https://www.ft.com/content/318be592-3415-11e9-bb0c-42459962a812 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/318be592-3415-11e9-bb0c-42459962a812 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |website=Financial Times |access-date=3 October 2020 |date=19 February 2019}}</ref>. 2020-yil yanvar oyida Greggs Quorn asosidagi vegetarian „steyk pishirigʻi“ ni chiqardi<ref>{{cite web |last1=Petter |first1=Olivia |title=Greggs launches new vegan steak bake |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/vegan-steak-bake-greggs-sausage-roll-price-sold-out-january-veganuary-a9266666.html |website=The Independent |access-date=3 October 2020 |language=en |date=2 January 2020}}</ref>.


== Havolalar ==
{{Commons category|Quorn (food brand)}}
* {{Official website|http://www.quorn.co.uk }}
* {{cite web|url=http://cspinet.org/quorn/|title=Quorn complaints|access-date=20 May 2006|author=Center for Science in the Public Interest|author-link=Center for Science in the Public Interest|arxivsana=2006-05-25|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525235343/http://www.cspinet.org/quorn/}} – CSPI’s page on its concerns about Quorn
* {{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,51842,00.html|title=A Mushrooming Quorn Controversy |access-date=20 May 2006|first=Farhad|last=Manjoo|author-link=Farhad Manjoo|magazine=Wired|date=16 April 2002}} – ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' magazine report of Quornʼs United States debut

[[Turkum:1985-yilda tashkil etilgan oziq-ovqat va ichimliklar kompaniyalari]]
[[Turkum:1985-yili Britaniyada tashkil etilgan kompaniyalar]]
[[Turkum:1985-yilda kiritilgan oziq-ovqat va ichimliklar]]
[[Turkum:Mikologiya]]
[[Turkum:Go'sht o'rnini bosuvchi mahsulotlar]]
[[Turkum:Buyuk Britaniyaning oziq-ovqat brendlari]]
[[Turkum:Oziq-ovqat]]

{{Authority control}}

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}