SARS-CoV-2 beta shtammi sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

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{{turkumsiz|sana=2023-06}}
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'''Beta shtamm'''<ref name="CovLineages1Jul">{{Veb manbasi|title=GISAID - hCov19 Variants|url=https://www.gisaid.org/hcov19-variants/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=www.gisaid.org}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |title=Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants |url=https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants |access-date=1-iyun 2021-yil |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref>, shuningdek '''B.1.351 liniyasi''' nomi bilan yuritiladi<ref name="CovLineages1Jul" />. COVID-19ni keltirib chiqaradi. Mamlakat sogʻliqni saqlash boshqarmasi 2020-yil 18-dekabrda ushbu shtamm birinchi boʻlib oktabr oyida Janubiy Afrikaning Sharqiy Keyp viloyatidagi [[Nelson Mandela]] tumanida aniqlanganini ma'lum qildi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|title=SA reaches grim milestone of 1 million Covid-19 cases|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/sa-reaches-grim-milestone-of-1-million-covid-19-cases-a01906de-5442-451c-932f-84d6fc381b84|access-date=2020-12-29 |publisher=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi|date=2020-12-28|title=Covid: South Africa passes one million infections as cases surge|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55462863 |access-date=2020-12-29}}</ref><ref name="nytimes">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/19/world/south-africa-announces-a-new-coronavirus-variant.html |title=South Africa announces a new coronavirus variant|date=18-dekabr 2020-yil|access-date=20-dekabr 2020-yil|work=[[The New York Times]]|quote=N501Y...has been found in other countries, including the United Kingdom}}</ref>. Filogeografik tahlillar shuni koʻrsatadiki, bu shtamm Nelson Mandela ko'rfazida 2020-yil iyul yoki avgust oylarida paydo boʻlgan<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi|author=Houriiyah Tegally|display-authors=et.al|title=Emergence and rapid spread of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage with multiple spike mutations in South Africa|url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.21.20248640v1.full-text|date=22-dekabr 2020-yil|publisher=medrxiv|doi=10.1101/2020.12.21.20248640|quote=Spatiotemporal phylogeographic analysis suggests that the 501Y.V2 lineage emerged in early August (early July – end August 2020, 95% highest posterior density) in Nelson Mandela Bay.|accessdate=10-mart 2021-yil}}</ref>.

[[Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti]] ushbu shtammni ilmiy nomni almashtirish uchun emas, balki jamoatchilik uchun keng qoʻllaniladigan nom sifatida Beta shtamm deb etiketladi<ref name="Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants">{{Veb manbasi|title=Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants|url=https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants|access-date=2021-06-01|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi |author=TIMESOFINDIA.COM |title=Explained: Why WHO named Covid-19 variants first found in India as 'Kappa' and 'Delta' |website=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/explained-why-who-named-covid-19-variants-found-in-india-as-kappa-and-delta/articleshow/83137667.cms |date=2021-06-02 |access-date=2021-06-02}}</ref>. JSST buni xavotir uygʻotishga sabab boʻladi deb hisoblaydi<ref name="Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants" />. 

Tadqiqotchilar va rasmiylarning ta’kidlashicha, ushbu kasallikning tarqalishi hech qanday asosiy tibbiy sharoitga ega boʻlmagan yoshlar orasida yuqori boʻlgan. Boshqa shtammlarga nisbatan bu holatlarda ogʻir kasallikka chalinish ehtimoli koʻproq. Shuningdek, Janubiy Afrika Sogʻliqni saqlash vazirligi ushbu virus virusning boshqa shtammlariga qaraganda tezroq tarqalishi sababli mamlakatda COVID-19 pandemiyasining ikkinchi toʻlqini uchun harakatlantiruvchi kuch boʻlishi mumkinligini ta’kidladi.

Gap virus boshoq glikoproteininig retseptor-bogʻlovchi domenida (RBD) boruvchi uchta mutatsiya haqida ketyapti: N501Y[11] (501 pozitsiyasida asparagin aminokislotasi (N) oʻrniga tirozin aminokislotasi (Y)<ref>{{Veb manbasi
|url= http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AminoAcid/AA1n2.html
|title= Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides
|author= 
|website= https://web.archive.org/
|accessdate= 9 октября 2008
|archive-date= 2008-10-09
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081009023202/http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AminoAcid/AA1n2.html
}}</ref>) K417N va E484K<ref>{{Veb manbasi|lang=|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/blue-print/who-com-statement_new-variant_rev1.pdf?sfvrsn=b87c0ad8_3&download=true|title=Statement of the WHO Working Group on COVID-19 Animal Models (WHO-COM) about the UK and South African SARS-CoV-2 new variants (PDF), World Health Organization|author=|website=|date=|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|lang=en-US|url=https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/12/22/the-new-mutations|title=The New Mutations|author=Derek Lowe 22 December, 2020|website=In the Pipeline|date=2020-12-22|accessdate=2021-01-05|archive-date=2021-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129073128/https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2020/12/22/the-new-mutations}}</ref>. Bu mutatsiyalardan ikkitasi (E484K va N501Y) retseptor-bogʻlovchi domenning (RBD) retseptor-bogʻlovchi motivida (RBM) joylashgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi|lang=en-GB|url=https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-south-african-variant-of-sars-cov-2-as-mentioned-by-matt-hancock-at-the-downing-street-press-briefing/|title=expert reaction to South African variant of SARS-CoV-2, as mentioned by Matt Hancock at the Downing Street press briefing {{!}} Science Media Centre|accessdate=2021-01-05}}</ref>.

olti mamlakat mutaxassisslari ishtirokida ushbu shtamm ustida tadqiqot olib borilgan. Unda 2020-yil 5-mart va 10-dekabr kunlari orasida Janubiy Afrikada toʻplangan 2882 ta SARS-CoV-2 genomini tahlil qilingan. Shtammning boshoqli oqsilida sakkizta mutasiya aniqlangan. Biroq ular hali toʻliq oʻrganilmagan. Olimlarning aytishicha, izlanish davomida 501Y.V2’ning boshqa shtammlardan farqi inson organizmiga osonroq kirib borishi hamda immunitet tizimidan qocha olishida namoyon boʻlgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi
|url= https://bugun.uz/2021/03/09/olimlar-zhanubij-afrika-shtammining-oziga-hos-hususiyati-haqida-qoshimcha-malumot-berdi
|title= Олимлар «Жанубий Африка» штаммининг ўзига хос хусусияти ҳақида қўшимча маълумот берди
|author= 
|website= Bugun.uz
|accessdate= 2021 йил 9 март
|arxivsana= 2021-07-19
|arxivurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20210719073450/https://bugun.uz/2021/03/09/olimlar-zhanubij-afrika-shtammining-oziga-hos-hususiyati-haqida-qoshimcha-malumot-berdi
}}</ref>.

Bu shtammning xususiyati ham shundaki, mazkur shtammni yuqtirgan odamlarda kasallik birdaniga boshlanib, jadal kechadi va qisqa muddatda oʻpkaning katta sohalarini jarohatlaydi. Shu bois kasallik boshqa shtammlarga nisbatan ogʻirroq kechadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi
|url= https://bugun.uz/2021/04/26/bu-shtamm-qisqa-muddatda-opkaning-katta-qismini-zharohatlajdi-ssv-hodimi-koronavirusning-afrikancha-shtammi-haqida
|title= «Бу штамм қисқа муддатда ўпканинг катта қисмини жароҳатлайди». ССВ ходими коронавируснинг «африканча» штамми ҳақида
|author= 
|website= Bugun.uz
|accessdate= 2021 йил 26 апрель
|arxivsana= 2021-07-17
|arxivurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20210717124332/https://bugun.uz/2021/04/26/bu-shtamm-qisqa-muddatda-opkaning-katta-qismini-zharohatlajdi-ssv-hodimi-koronavirusning-afrikancha-shtammi-haqida
}}</ref>

Oksford immunologi Ser Jon Bellning ta’kidlashicha, Janubiy Afrikadagi yangi shtamm vaktsinalarga chidamli boʻlishi mumkinligi sababli „katta savol“ tugʻdiradi va shu bilan umidlarni yoʻq qiladi va ularni qoʻrquv bilan almashtiradi<ref>{{Veb manbasi
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/01/04/south-african-variant-may-evade-vaccines-testing-warn-scientists/
|title= South African variant may evade vaccines and testing, warn scientists
|author=Knapton, Sarah
|website= The Telegraph
|accessdate=4-yanvar 2021-yil}}</ref>.

==Tarixi==

KwaZulu-Natal Universiteti Innovatsiya va ketma-ketligini o'rganish platformasi (KRISP) boshchiligidagi bir guruh genomistlar yangi variantni aniqladi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|title=South African scientists who discovered new Covid-19 variant share what they know|website=www.theconversation.com|access-date=2021-03-01|url=https://theconversation.com/south-african-scientists-who-discovered-new-covid-19-variant-share-what-they-know-153313}}</ref>. Ushbu genom butun ketma-ketlik bilan topildi. Ushbu liniyadan bir nechta genomik ketma-ketliklar GISAID maʼlumotlar bazasiga yuborildi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/covid-19-GISAID-acknowledgement-threat-assessment-UK-variant.pdf |title=COVID-19 GISAID Acknowledgement Threat Assessment UK variant |author=Not stated |date=20-dekabr 2020-yil |website=ecdc.europa.eu |publisher=[[GISAID]] |page=9 |access-date=2020-12-29 |quote=''EPI_ISL_678594, EPI_ISL_678596, EPI_ISL_678597. Netcare. KRISP, KZN Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Giandhari J, Pillay S, Lessells R, Chimukangara B, Mdlalose K, York D, Khan S, Tegally H, Wilkinson E, de Oliveira T.''}}</ref>.

23-dekabr kuni Buyuk Britaniyaning Sogʻliqni saqlash vaziri Matt Hancock Janubiy Afrikadan Buyuk Britaniyaga sayohat qilgan ikki kishi Beta shtamm (501.V2) bilan kasallanganligini eʼlon qildi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last1=Sample |first1=Ian |last2=Grover |first2=Natalie |date=23-dekabr 2020-yil |title=South African Covid-19 variant has reached the UK, says Matt Hancock |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/23/south-african-covid-19-variant-has-reached-the-uk-says-matt-hancock |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |access-date=2021-01-04}}</ref>. 28-dekabrda bu shtamm Shveytsariyada ikki kishida<ref name="bus-inside-switz">{{Veb manbasi|title=South African Covid variant discovered in Switzerland|url=https://www.businessinsider.co.za/south-african-covid-variant-discovered-in-switzerland-2020-12|access-date=2020-12-29|website=BusinessInsider}}</ref> va Finlandiyada bir kishida aniqlangan<ref name="yle-finland">{{Veb manbasi|title=Update: New UK, South African variant Covid strains detected in Finland|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/update_new_uk_south_african_variant_covid_strains_detected_in_finland/11716211|access-date=2020-12-29|website=Yle News}}</ref>. 29-dekabrda Janubiy Afrikadan Yaponiyaga borgan mehmonda<ref name="news24-Japan">{{Veb manbasi|title=South African coronavirus variant found in Japan|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/world/news/south-african-coronavirus-variant-found-in-japan-20201229|access-date=2020-12-29|website=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> va Avstraliyaning Kvinslend shahrida boʻlgan chet el sayohatchisida ham kuzatilgan<ref name="9news-australia">{{Veb manbasi|date=29-dekabr 2020-yil|title=First case of 'more contagious' coronavirus strain detected in Australia|url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/first-case-of-south-african-coronavirus-strain-detected-in-australia-in-queensland-returned-traveller/26cb85c6-1fc0-45ad-968d-b5a689dda620|website=9 News}}</ref>.  30-dekabrda Zambiyada<ref>{{Veb manbasi|title=Second COVID-19 wave confirmed in Zambia|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-12/30/c_139630370.htm|date=30-dekabr 2020-yil|work=Xinhua News Agency|qaralgan sana=2021-07-27|arxivsana=2021-02-26|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226135254/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-12/30/c_139630370.htm}}</ref>, 31-dekabrda Fransiyada Janubiy Afrikadan qaytayotgan yoʻlovchida aniqlandi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi|date=31-dekabr 2020-yil|title=France detects first case of South African strain of Covid-19|url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20201231-france-detects-first-case-of-south-african-strain-of-covid-19| publisher=France24}}</ref>. 2021-yil 2-yanvarda ushbu shtammning birinchi holati [[Janubiy Koreya]]da aniqlandi<ref name="Donga Ilbo">{{Yangiliklar manbasi|date=2-yanvar 2021-yil|language=ko|title=남아공 '변이 코로나' 첫 국내 확인…영국발 변이도 4건 추가 |trans-title=South Africa's 'mutant corona' first confirmed in Korea... 4 additional variations from UK |url=https://www.donga.com/news/Society/article/all/20210102/104736108/1|publisher=Donga Ilbo}}</ref>.  [[Avstriya]] 4-yanvar kuni ushbu shtammning birinchi holati va Alfa shtammining toʻrtta holati haqida xabar berdi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=British, South African corornavirus mutations detected in Austria |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-austria-idUSKBN2991LT |work=[[Reuters]] |location=Berlin |date=4-yanvar 2021-yil |access-date=2021-01-06}}</ref>. 
==Manbalar==
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