Saravak davlat muzeyi sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Saravak davlat muzeyi''' ({{Lang-ms|Muzium Negeri Sarawak}}  ) [[Kalimantan|Borneodagi]] eng qadimgi muzey.<ref name="oldestborneo">{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/sarawak-museum-to-close-until-2020-for-restoration#1PF2FosT4KDJaWoc.97|sarlavha=Sarawak Museum to close until 2020 for restoration|muallif=Sulok Tawie|nashriyot=The Malay Mail Online|sana=21-sentabr 2017-yil}}</ref> U 1888- yilda tashkil etilgan va 1891 - yilda Saravakning [[Kuching]] shahrida maxsus qurilgan binoda ochilgan.<ref name="oldestborneo" /> Aytishlaricha, tabiatshunos Alfred Rassel Uolles Saravakning ikkinchi oq rojasi Charlz Brukni muzey tashkil etishga undagan:<ref name="oldestborneo" /> biroq bunga hech qanday dalil yo'q (Uolles, garchi u 1862- yilda Charlz (Jonson) bilan Angliyaga qaytgan bo'lsa ham., 1863- yilda merosxo'rlikdan mahrum bo'lgan katta akasi Brukni qo'llab-quvvatlagan, shuning uchun  u bilan aloqani saqlab qolishi dargumon).

== Tarixi ==
[[Fayl:Kuching,_Sarawak;_the_museum_building._Photograph._Wellcome_V0037397.jpg|left|thumb| Muzey 1896- yilda, 1911- yilda kengaytirilishidan oldin.]]
[[Fayl:The_Sarawak_museum_building_in_1911.jpg|right|thumb| Muzey 1911 - yilda kengaytirilgandan keyin.]]
[[Fayl:View_of_Borneo_Cultures_Museum_and_Sarawak_State_Museum_from_Tugu_Pahlawan.jpg|right|thumb| Saravak davlat muzeyini Borneo madaniyati muzeyi bilan bog'laydigan ko'prik.]]
Alfred Uollesning tashrifi Charlz Brukning Saravakning tabiiy tarixiga qiziqishini  oshirgan bo'lishi mumkin, shu sababli u 1878 - yildan boshlab o'z zobitlaridan kelajakda muzey tashkil  etish maqsadida butun shtat bo'ylab namunalar yig'ishni so'radi. To'plamlar ko'payib borgach, namunalar hukumat idorasidagi soat minorasi ichiga joylashtirildi. Keyin, Xyu Bruk Louning kolleksiyalari Rajang daryosi  orqali  olib kelinganida kelganida namunalar eski sabzavot bozori yuqorisidagi xonaga ko'chirildi. Qadimgi sabzavot bozori yuqorisidagi xona vaqtinchalik muzey vazifasini bajargan va hamma uchun ochiq edi. Nihoyat, Saravak muzeyi 1889 - yilda qurilgan va 1891 - yil 4- avgustda ochilgan. 1911 - yilda muzey yangi qanotini kengaytirdi. Biroq, eski qanot tashqarisidagi g'ishtdan yasalgan zinapoyalar 1912 - yilda buzib tashlangan. Bino mahalliy aholining san'at va hunarmandchilik buyumlari , shu bilan birgalikda mahalliy hayvonlar kollektsiyalarini doimiy ravishda joylashtirish va namoyish qilish uchun qurilgan.<ref name="Kuching pictures 1841-1946">{{kitob manbasi|last=Ah Chon|first=Ho|title=Kuching in pictures (1841–1946)|publisher=Sarawak state library (Pustaka Negeri Sarawak)|location=Kuching|pages=42–43|year=1948|url=http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/PNS/Kuching%20in%20Pictures%201841-1946%20%5BHo%20Ah%20Chon%5D.pdf|accessdate=2-fevral 2018-yil|chapterurl=http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/PNS/Kuching%20in%20Pictures%201841-1946%20%5BHo%20Ah%20Chon%5D.pdf|archive-date=2018-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202044309/http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/PNS/Kuching%20in%20Pictures%201841-1946%20%5BHo%20Ah%20Chon%5D.pdf}}</ref>

Yaponiya istilosi davrida muzeyga uning maqsadlariga xayrixoh bo'lgan [[Yaponiya|yapon]] zobiti rahbarlik qilgan. U uni himoya qilgan va muzey juda kam zarar ko'rdi.<ref name="Kuching pics 1841-1946">{{kitob manbasi|last=Ah Chon|first=Ho|title=Kuching in pictures (1841–1946)|publisher=Sarawak state library (Pustaka Negeri Sarawak)|location=Kuching|pages=42–43|year=1948|url=http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/PNS/Kuching%20in%20Pictures%201841-1946%20%5BHo%20Ah%20Chon%5D.pdf|accessdate=2-fevral 2018-yil}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFAh_Chon1948">Ah Chon, Ho (1948). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180202044309/http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/PNS/Kuching%20in%20Pictures%201841-1946%20%5BHo%20Ah%20Chon%5D.pdf ''Kuching in pictures (1841–1946)''] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kuching: Sarawak state library (Pustaka Negeri Sarawak). pp.&nbsp;42–43. Archived from [http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/PNS/Kuching%20in%20Pictures%201841-1946%20%5BHo%20Ah%20Chon%5D.pdf the original] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202044309/http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/PNS/Kuching%20in%20Pictures%201841-1946%20%5BHo%20Ah%20Chon%5D.pdf |date=2018-02-02 }} <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref>

Tarixiy bino qayta ta'mirlandi. U Saravakning tabiiy tarixiga oid kollektsiyalarni namoyish qilish va sharhlash uchun xizmat qildi. [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell Oil]] Borneo uchun muhim bo'lgan [[neft]] sanoati bo'yicha ko'rgazmaga homiylik qildi. Bundan tashqari, unda [[Arxeologiya|arxeologik]] asarlar va mahalliy xalqlarning an'anaviy hayoti, san'ati va hunarmandchiligi namunalarini qayta tiklanib namoyish etiladi. U Borneodagi eng keng qamrovli arxeologik, tabiiy tarix va etnografik kolleksiyalarga ega bo'ldi. 

2017 - yil 23 - oktabrdan boshlab davlat muzeyi taʼmirlash ishlari uchun vaqtincha yopildi. Tarixiy muzey binosini ta'mirlashga jami 28 million RM, yaqin atrofda yangi muzey kampusi binosini qurish uchun yana 280 million RM sarflangan.<ref name="Sarawaks old museum">{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2017/09/23/sarawaks-old-museum-building-to-close-until-2020/|sarlavha=Sarawak's old museum building to close until 2020|muallif=Sharon Ling|ish=The Star Online|sana=23-sentabr 2017-yil}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSharon_Ling2017">Sharon Ling (23 September 2017). [https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2017/09/23/sarawaks-old-museum-building-to-close-until-2020/ "Sarawak's old museum building to close until 2020"]. ''The Star Online''.</cite></ref><ref>{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2017/12/06/poised-to-be-one-of-the-best-in-asean/|sarlavha=Poised to be one of the best in Asean|muallif=Peter Sibon|nashriyot=The Borneo Post Online|sana=6-dekabr 2017-yil}}</ref> “Borneo madaniyatlari muzeyi” deb nomlangan yangi muzey binosi 2022-yil mart oyida ochilgan. Bu Malayziyadagi eng yirik muzey majmuasi va Janubi- [[Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo|Sharqiy Osiyoda]] Singapur Milliy muzeyidan keyin ikkinchi o'rinda turadi.<ref>{{yangiliklar manbasi |last=Maganathan |first=Dinesh Kumar |date=10-mart 2022-yil |title=Borneo Cultures Museum fully booked this month, a day after opening |publisher=The Star (Malaysia) |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2022/03/10/borneo-cultures-museum-fully-booked-this-month-a-day-after-opening |access-date=18-may 2022-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312225830/https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2022/03/10/borneo-cultures-museum-fully-booked-this-month-a-day-after-opening |archive-date=12-mart 2022-yil}}</ref>

== Arxitektura ==
Qurilish boshlanganidan beri bino bir necha marta ta'mirlash va o'zgartirishlardan o'tdi. U to'rtburchaklar shaklida bo'lib, devorlari va ustunlari g'ishtdan 44' × 160' shaklida ishlangan. Muzey binosi Yevropa uslubidagi arxitekturaga ega, uning binosi Qirolicha Anna uslubida qurilgan. U Adelaida ayollar va bolalar kasalxonasining Samuel Way binosiga juda o'xshaydi.<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Adelaide Women's and Children's Hospital (including photo) |url=http://www.wch.sa.gov.au/about/history/history_hosp_site.html |kirish sanasi=2022-07-17 |arxivsana=2020-11-15 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115064350/http://www.wch.sa.gov.au/about/history/history_hosp_site.html }}</ref><ref>[https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+10695 Adelaide Women's and Children's Hospital (photo and detail)]</ref> Galereyalar tomdagi dormer derazalari bilan yoritilgan bo'lib, ko'rgazmalar va kollektsiyalar uchun devor maydoni mavjud.<ref name="Kuching pics 1841-1946"/><ref>{{yangiliklar manbasi |last=Patrica |first=Hului |date=7-avgust 2015-yil |title=Tracing the designs behind the Sarawak Museum |work=The Borneo Post |url=http://seeds.theborneopost.com/2015/08/07/tracing-the-designs-behind-the-sarawak-museum/ |access-date=9-avgust 2015-yil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809055917/http://seeds.theborneopost.com/2015/08/07/tracing-the-designs-behind-the-sarawak-museum/ |archive-date=9-avgust 2015-yil}}</ref>

== Ko'rgazmalar tartibi ==
[[Fayl:Longhouse_gallery_of_Sarawak_museum.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Muzey ichidagi uzun uy galereyasi.]]
Muzeyning birinchi qavatida tabiiy tarix kolleksiyasi va Saravak faunasining namunalari - sudraluvchilar, sutemizuvchilar, qushlar va boshqalar mavjud bo'lib, ularning barchasi ekspozitsiya uchun maxsus tayyorlangan va o'rnatilgan. Muzeyning g'arbiy qanotida Saravakning [[neft]] sanoatiga oid Shell ko'rgazmasi joylashgan.

Birinchi qavatda tubjoy xalqlarga oid etnografik osori-atiqalar, jumladan, turli uzunlikdagi uylarning maketlari, musiqa asboblari, baliq va hayvonlarning turli tuzoqlari, hunarmandchilik buyumlari, qayiq maketlari va boshqalar oʻrin olgan.

== Faoliyati ==
Muzey qadimiy va tarixiy yodgorliklarni qidirish, sotib olish va himoya qilish mas'uliyatini yuklagan holda milliy merosning qo'riqchisi deb e'lon qilindi. Muzey direktori shuningdek, dengiz toshbaqalarini himoya qilish va yovvoyi tabiatni saqlashda  yordam berish uchun javobgardir.<ref>{{yangiliklar manbasi |last=Howe |first=Marvine |date=25-dekabr 1988-yil |title=Preserving Borneo's Traditions |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/25/travel/preserving-borneo-s-traditions.html}}</ref>

== Muzey jurnali ==
''Saravak muzey jurnali'' muzey xodimlari tomonidan nashr etiladi. U birinchi marta 1911- yilda Jon Moultonning birinchi muharrirligida  nashr etilgan va uni [[Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo]] mintaqasidagi eng qadimgi ilmiy jurnallardan biriga aylantirilgan. Mavzular [[Kalimantan|Borneo]] orolining [[Tarix|tarixi]], [[Tabiatshunoslik|tabiiy tarixi]] va [[Etnologiya|etnologiyasini]] o'z ichiga oladi.

== Kuratorlar va direktorlar ==
[[Fayl:Ipoi_Datan_Sarawak_museum.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Ipoi Datan, Saravak davlat muzeyining sobiq direktori.]]
1974 - yilgacha muzey rahbari "Kurator" deb atalgan:

* Jon Edgar Anderson Lyuis - Pro tem kuratori, 25 - iyun 1888 - 1902
* Doktor Jorj Darbi Xaviland - 1891 - yil 26 - fevral - 1893 - yil 1 - mart
* Edvard Bartlett - 1893 - yil 1 - mart - 1897 - yil 22 - iyul
* Robert Valter Kempbell Shelford - 1897 - yil 22 - iyul - 1905 - yil 2 - fevral
* Jon Xyuitt - 1905 - yil 2 - fevral - 1908 - yil noyabr
* Jon Coney Moulton - 1908  -yil noyabr - 1915 - yil 22 - yanvar
* Janob Erman va KH Gillan - mas'ul zobitlar, 1915 - yil 22- yanvar - 1922- yil may (Jahon urushi paytida)
* Doktor Erik Georg Mjöberg - 1922- yil may - 1924- yil 19 - dekabr
* Jerar TM Makbryan - kurator vazifasini bajaruvchi, 1924- yil 20-dekabr - 1925- yil 24 -yanvar
* Edvard Banks - 1925- yil 20- fevral - 1945- yil (1942-1945-yillarda stajirovka qilingan)
* Tom Xarrisson - 1947- yil iyun - 1966- yil noyabr
* Benedikt Sandin - 1966- yil dekabr - 1974- yil mart

Shundan so'ng, muzey rahbari "direktor" deb yuritildi:

* Lukas Chin - 1974 - yil 1 - aprel - 1991 - yil dekabr
* Doktor Piter M. Kedit - 1991 - yil dekabr - 1996 - yil aprel
* Sanib Said - 1997- yil may - 2008 - yil dekabr
* Ipoi Datan - 2009 - yil yanvar - 2019 - yil fevral<ref name="poisedtobethebest">{{veb manbasi|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2017/09/23/sarawaks-old-museum-building-to-close-until-2020/|sarlavha=Sarawak's old museum building to close until 2020|muallif=Sharon Ling|ish=The Star Online|sana=23-sentabr 2017-yil}}</ref><ref>{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2019/02/22/eight-top-management-officers-commended-for-excellent-service/|sarlavha=Retiring Heads of Departments}}</ref>
* Suriya Bin Bujang - 2019 - yil fevral (harakat qiluvchi)

== Yana qarang ==

* Malayziyadagi muzeylar ro'yxati

== Adabiyotlar ==

* {{kitob manbasi|title=Museums of Southeast Asia|url=https://archive.org/details/museumsofsouthea0000lenz|last=Lenzi|first=Iola|year=2004|publisher=Archipelago Press|location=Singapore|isbn=981-4068-96-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/museumsofsouthea0000lenz/page/200 200] pages}}

== Manbalar ==
<references />

== Havolalar ==

* [http://www.museum.sarawak.gov.my/ Saravak muzeylari] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021232843/http://museum.sarawak.gov.my/ |date=2018-10-21 }}
[[Turkum:Malayziya]]
[[Turkum:Saravak]]