Ubaydulloh ibn Abu Bakra sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Ubaydulloh ibn Abu Bakra''' (عبيد الله بن أبي بكرة; {{Circa|698—699}}) – [[Damashq xalifaligi|Umaviylarning]] [[Seyiston]] rahbari va harbiy qoʻmondon.

== Kelib chiqishi ==
Abu Bakra Islom paygʻambari [[Muhammad|Muhammadning]] hamrohi boʻlgan va 630-yilda [[Islom|islomni]] qabul qilgan sobiq [[Habash odamlar|Habash]] quli va ''[[mavlo]]'' [[Abu Bakra Saqafiy|Abu Bakraning]] oʻgʻli edi<ref name="CEB761" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pipes|first1=Daniel|title=Black Soldiers in Early Muslim Armies|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|date=1980|volume=13|issue=1|page=90|doi=10.2307/218374|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/218374.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ace1e0c7ad91a96cdce0f7f3689980c9c|issn=0361-7882}}</ref><ref name="JM" />. Onasi [[Arablar|arab]] boʻlgan. Tashqi tarafidan „qora va toʻq rangli“ deb taʼriflanadi<ref name="CEB761" />.

== Gubernatorlik va harbiy faoliyat ==
671-yilda Iroq va sharqiy xalifalik hokimi Ziyod ibn Abihiy tomonidan [[Seyiston]] rahbarining oʻrinbosari etib tayinlangan<ref name="CEB761">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Bosworth |first=C.E. |date=1986 |title=Encyclopedia of Islam |page=761 |url=https://archive.org/details/volume-5/Volume%2010/page/760/mode/2up}}</ref>. Xalifa [[Abdulmalik]] hukmronligining dastlabki davrida ({{Hukmronlik|685|705}}) Ubaydulloh Iroqning ikki asosiy garnizon shahridan biri boʻlgan [[Basra|Basrada]] Umaviylar tarafdorlari guruhini qoʻllab-quvvatladi. U bu guruhni oʻsha paytdagi Basra hukmdori [[Musʼab ibn az-Zubayr|Mus’ab ibn al-Zubayrga]] qarshi yoʻnaltirdi. Mus’ab oʻz akasi, raqib xalifa [[Abdulloh ibn az-Zubayr|Abdulloh ibn al-Zubayrning]] vakili edi. 697—698-yillarda Abdulmalikning Iroq va sharq hokimi [[Hajjoj Ibn Yusuf|al-Hajjoj ibn Yusuf]] tomonidan Seyiston ustidan ikkinchi bor noib etib tayinlangan<ref name="CEB761" />.

698-yilda al-Hajjoj uni zamonaviy [[Afgʻoniston|Afgʻoniston]] hududidagi Zunbillarga qarshi 20 ming kishilik „Vayron qiluvchi [[qoʻshin]]<nowiki/>“ga boshchilik qilish uchun joʻnatdi<ref name="JM">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Marozzi |authorlink=Justin Marozzi |first=Justin |date=13 May 2021 |title=The Arab Conquests |language=en |publisher=Head of Zeus Ltd |isbn=978-1-83893-341-8 |page=141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKj1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141}}</ref>. Bu [[Ikkinchi fitna|ikkinchi fuqarolar urushidan]] (683-692) soʻng islom kengayishining qayta jonlanishiga mos keldi<ref name="JM" />. Uning vazifasi Sharqiy Afgʻonistonga bostirib kirish va Zunbillarni oʻlpon toʻlashni qayta yoʻlga qoʻyishga majbur qilishdan iborat edi<ref name="CEB761">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Bosworth |first=C.E. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam |date=1986 |page=761 |url=https://archive.org/details/volume-5/Volume%2010/page/760/mode/2up}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBosworth1986">Bosworth, C. E. (1986). [[iarchive:volume-5/Volume 10/page/760/mode/2up|''Encyclopedia of Islam'']]. p.&nbsp;761.</cite></ref>.

Togʻlarda qurshovda qolgan u, ochlik va Zunbil hujumlari tufayli magʻlubiyatga uchradi. Natijada, katta oʻlpon toʻlashga, garovga odamlar, jumladan uchta oʻgʻlini topshirishga va Zunbilga qayta hujum qilmaslik haqida qasam ichishga majbur boʻldi<ref name="CEB761">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Bosworth |first=C.E. |title=Encyclopedia of Islam |date=1986 |page=761 |url=https://archive.org/details/volume-5/Volume%2010/page/760/mode/2up}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBosworth1986">Bosworth, C. E. (1986). [[iarchive:volume-5/Volume 10/page/760/mode/2up|''Encyclopedia of Islam'']]. p.&nbsp;761.</cite></ref><ref name="JM">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Marozzi |first=Justin |authorlink=Justin Marozzi |title=The Arab Conquests |date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Head of Zeus Ltd |isbn=978-1-83893-341-8 |page=141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKj1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141 |language=en}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMarozzi2021">[[Justin Marozzi|Marozzi, Justin]] (13 May 2021). [https://books.google.com/books?id=sKj1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141 ''The Arab Conquests'']. Head of Zeus Ltd. p.&nbsp;141. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-83893-341-8|<bdi>978-1-83893-341-8</bdi>]].</cite></ref><ref name="Hugh Kennedy">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Hugh Kennedy |title=The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pk7BS9XC10QC&q=Hugh+Kennedy%2CThe+Great+Arab+Conquests%27+%22army+of+destruction%22&pg=PT128 |publisher=Hachette UK |year=2010 |isbn=9780297865599 |page=128}}</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Lari |first=Suhail Zaheer |title=A History of Sindh |date=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-577501-3 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LfFtAAAAMAAJ |language=en |quote=Also available in [http://sanipanhwar.com/A%20History%20of%20Sindh%20by%20Suhail%20Zaheer%20Lari.pdf Pdf, page 17]}}</ref><ref name="RGH">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Hoyland |first=Robert G. |title=In God's Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-991636-8 |pages=151–152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i3LDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA152 |language=en}}</ref>. Shundan soʻng, u 5000 nafar askari bilan Bust shahriga chekinib ketdi<ref name="JM" />.
[[Fayl:Signature_of_Ubayd_Allah_ibn_Abi_Bakra.jpg|thumb| Uning tangasida „Ubaydulloh ibn/Abi Bakra“ imzosi (hukmdorning yuzi oldida vertikal joylashgan).]]
Muvaffaqiyatsiz yurishdan koʻp oʻtmay Ubaydulloh vafot etdi<ref name="JM">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Marozzi |first=Justin |authorlink=Justin Marozzi |title=The Arab Conquests |date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Head of Zeus Ltd |isbn=978-1-83893-341-8 |page=141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKj1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141 |language=en}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMarozzi2021">[[Justin Marozzi|Marozzi, Justin]] (13 May 2021). [https://books.google.com/books?id=sKj1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141 ''The Arab Conquests'']. Head of Zeus Ltd. p.&nbsp;141. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-83893-341-8|<bdi>978-1-83893-341-8</bdi>]].</cite></ref>. Oʻrniga Seyiston hokimi etib oʻgʻli Abu Bardha tayinlandi. U bu lavozimni bir-ikki yil davomida egallagan boʻlib, shu davrda tanga zarb ettirganiligi ham maʼlum<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sears|first1=Stuart D.|title=A HYBRID IMITATION OF EARLY MUSLIM COINAGE STRUCK IN SIJISTAN BY ABȖ BARDHĀ'A|journal=American Journal of Numismatics|date=1989|volume=1|page=160|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43580159|issn=1053-8356}}</ref>.

Taxminan 700-yilda al-Hajjoj [[Kufa|Kufadan]] boʻlgan arab zodagoni [[Ibn al-Ash'ath|Ibn al-Ash’asni]] tayinlab, unga zunbillarga qarshi yangi hujum uyushtirish vazifasini topshirdi. Dastlabki ayrim muvaffaqiyatlardan soʻng, Ibn al-Ash’as zunbillar bilan kelishuvga erishdi. Kelishuvga koʻra, zunbillar Ubaydullohdan asirga olinganlarni qaytarishga va oʻlponni avvalgi miqdorda toʻlashni davom ettirishga rozi boʻlishdi<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sears|first1=Stuart D.|title=A HYBRID IMITATION OF EARLY MUSLIM COINAGE STRUCK IN SIJISTAN BY ABȖ BARDHĀ'A|journal=American Journal of Numismatics|date=1989|volume=1|page=156|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43580159|issn=1053-8356}}</ref>. Shundan soʻng Ibn al-Ash’as oʻz qoʻshinini Iroqqa qaytarib olib, al-Hajjojga qarshi isyon koʻtardi<ref name="JM">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Marozzi |first=Justin |authorlink=Justin Marozzi |title=The Arab Conquests |date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Head of Zeus Ltd |isbn=978-1-83893-341-8 |page=141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKj1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141 |language=en}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMarozzi2021">[[Justin Marozzi|Marozzi, Justin]] (13 May 2021). [https://books.google.com/books?id=sKj1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141 ''The Arab Conquests'']. Head of Zeus Ltd. p.&nbsp;141. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-83893-341-8|<bdi>978-1-83893-341-8</bdi>]].</cite></ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Umaviylar xalifaligi generallari]]
[[Turkum:7-asr arab xalqi]]
[[Turkum:7-asr harbiy xizmatchilari]]
[[Turkum:Seyistondagi Umaviylar hokimlari]]