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Akbar Jaloliddin Muhammad: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Akbar Jaloliddin Muhammad]]
{{ismdoshlar|Akbar (ism)|Akbar}}
{{Boshqa tildan yoʻnaltirish}}
{{Qirollik bilgiqutisi
| image        = Govardhan. Akbar With Lion and Calf ca. 1630, Metmuseum (cropped).jpg
| caption      = Akbar by [[Govardhan (Mughal painter)|Govardhan]], {{Circa|1630}}
| name = Jalal-ud-din Muhammad<br />Akbar
| title = [[Podshoh]]<br />[[Gʻozi]]
| succession = 3-[[Boburiy imperatorlar|Boburiy imperator]]
| reign = 11 February 1556&nbsp;— 27 October 1605<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Akbar (Mughal emperor) |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/11421/Akbar |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=18 January 2013}}</ref>
| coronation = 14 February 1556
| predecessor = [[Humoyun]]
| successor = [[Jahongir]]
| regent = [[Bayramxon]] (1556-1560)<ref>{{harvnb|Chandra|2005|p=95}}</ref>
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|
{{Marriage|[[Ruqaiya Sultan Begum]]|1556}}<ref name="Thackston1999p437">{{harvnb|Jahangir|1999|p=437|ps=: "Ruqayya-Sultan Begam, the daughter of Mirza Hindal and wife of His Majesty Arsh-Ashyani [Akbar], had passed away in Akbarabad. She was His Majesty's chief wife. Since she did not have children, when Shahjahan was born His Majesty Arsh-Ashyani entrusted that 'unique pearl of the caliphate' to the begam's care, and she undertook to raise the prince. She departed this life at the age of eighty-four."}}</ref>
|{{Marriage|[[Salima Sultan Begum]]|1561}}
|{{Marriage|[[Mariam-uz-Zamani]]|1562}}<ref name="farishta">{{harvnb|Hindu Shah|1595–1612|p=223|ps=: "Akbur, after this conquest, made pilgrimage to Khwaja Moyin-ood-Deen Chishty at Ajmere and returned to Agra; from whence he proceeded to visit the venerable Sheikh Sulim Chishty, in the village of Seekry. As all the king's children had hitherto died, he solicited the Sheikh's prayers, who consoled him, by assuring him he would soon have a son, who would live to a good old age. Shortly after, his favourite sooltana, being then pregnant, on Wednesday the 17th of Rubbee-ool-Awul, in the year 997 was delivered of a son, who was called Sulim."}}</ref><ref name=jlmehta>{{harvnb|Mehta|1984|p=222|ps=: "Bihari Mal gave rich dowry to his daughter and sent his son Bhagwan Das with a contingent of Rajput soldiers to escort his newly married sister to Agra as per Hindu custom. Akbar was deeply impressed by the highly dignified, sincere and princely conduct of his Rajput relations. He took Man Singh, the youthful son of Bhagwant Das into the royal service. Akbar was fascinated by the charm and accomplishments of his Rajput wife; he developed real love for her and raised her to the status of chief queen. She came to exercise profound impact on socio-cultural environment of the entire royal household and changed the lifestyle of Akbar. Salim (later Jahangir), heir to the throne, was born of this wedlock on 30th August, 1569."}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ahloowalia|2009|p=130}}</ref> }}
| spouse-type = Consorts
| spouses-type = Wives
| spouses = {{unbulleted list|
|{{Marriage|Raj Kunwari|1570}}
|{{Marriage|Nathi Bai|1570}}
|{{Marriage|Bhakkari Begum|1572}}
|{{Marriage|Qasima Banu Begum|1575}}
|Gauhar-un-Nissa Begum
|Bibi Daulat Shad
|Rukmavati
|''[[#Consorts and concubines|several others]]''}}
| issue = {{Unbulleted list|
|[[Mariam-uz-Zamani#Birth of Twins|Hassan Mirza]]
|[[Mariam-uz-Zamani#Birth of Twins|Hussain Mirza]]
|[[Jahangir]]
|[[Shahzada Khanam]]
|[[Murad Mirza (son of Akbar)|Murad Mirza]]
|[[Shakr-un-Nissa Begum]]
|[[Daniyal Mirza]]
|[[Aram Banu Begum]]}}
| issue-link = #Issue
| full name = Abu’l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar<ref name="Britannica" />
| dynasty = [[Timurid dynasty]]
| posthumous name = Arsh-Ashyani ({{lit|One who nests on the divine throne}})
| house = [[Mughal dynasty|House of Babur]]
| father = [[Humayun]]
| mother = [[Hamida Banu Begum]]
| tugʻilgan_paytidagi_ismi = Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar
| tugʻilgan_sanasi = 15 October 1542
| tugʻilgan_joyi = [[Amarkot]], [[Rajputana]] (present-day [[Umerkot]], [[Sind]], [[Pokiston]])
| vafot_sanasi = {{death date and age|1605|10|27|1542|10|25|df=y}}
| vafot_joyi = [[Fatehpur Sikri]], [[Agra]], [[Mughal Empire]] (present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| dafn_etilgan_sana = November 1605
| dafn_etilgan_joy = [[Akbar's tomb|Akbar’s Tomb, Sikandra]], [[Agra]]
| dini = [[Sunni Islam]]<ref>{{harvnb|Black|2011|p=245}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Eraly|2000|p=189}}</ref> <br /> [[Din-e-Illahi]]
|tasvir=Govardhan. Akbar With Lion and Calf ca. 1630, Metmuseum (cropped).jpg}}
 
[[Fayl:Akbar1.jpg|thumb|right|Akbar-shoh]]
'''Akbar Jaloliddin Muhammad''' (1542.14.10, Amarkot−1605, Agra yaqinidagi Sikandra qishlogʻi), „Akbar-shoh“ — [[Boburiylar]] sulolasidan hukmdor (1556—1605). Hindistondagi boburiylar saltanati hukmdori (1556-yildan).
 
Boburning nabirasi, [[Humoyun]]ning oʻgʻli, 13 yoshida taxtga oʻtirgan (1556-yil 15-fevral). Dastlab vaziri turkman [[Bayramxon]] otaliq yorda-mida taxtni boshqargan, soʻngra balogʻat yoshiga yetgach, mamlakatni qattiqqoʻllik bilan idora eta boshlagan. Saltanatini kengaytirish uchun muttasil kurashgan. Akbarshoh davrida Boburiylar saltanati shimolda Balxdan tortib janubda Godovari daryosigacha (Kashmir va Afgʻoniston hududlari bilan), gʻarbda [[Arabiston dengizi]]dan sharqda [[Bengaliya qoʻltigʻi]]gacha boʻlgan ulkan hududni qamrab olgan. Markazlashgan saltanat tuzish maqsadida 1574-yildan ichki islohotlar oʻtkazishga kirishadi: qoʻshin ustida nazoratni kuchaytiradi va uni qayta tashkil etib, yangidan qurollantiradi, mamlakatni yangi maʼmuriy tumanlarga boʻladi. Nikoh rishtalari orqali Rajput knyazliklari bilan aloqalarni mustahkamlagan. Rajputlar otliq qoʻshini Akbar qoʻshinining asosini tashkil qilgan. Yirik yer egalari—jogirdorlarning oʻzboshimchaligiga qarshi bir qancha chora-tadbirlarni oʻtkazgan, 1574-yil dehqonlar, sarkardalarga yer inʼom etish oʻrniga xazinadan ularga maosh toʻlashni, mamlakatdagi yerlardan soliq toʻplashni oʻz xizmatchilari zimmasiga yuklagan. Akbar aholi orasida diniy jihatdan oʻzaro birdamlikka erishish maqsadida hindlarni yuqori mansablarga tayinlay boshlagan va yangi din—„dini ilohiy“ joriy etgan. Bu din oʻzida [[islom]], [[hinduizm]], [[parsizm]] va [[jaynizm]] dinlarining qorishmasidan iborat boʻlgan. Akbar dunyoviy va diniy hokimiyatni oʻzida mujassamlashtirgan. Bu dinga eʼtiqod qilganlar Akbarning marhamatiga sazovor boʻlganlar. Keyinchalik Akbar vafotidan soʻng bu yangi din kichik bir mazhabga aylanib qolgan. Akbar [[dehqonchilik]] va [[Savdo|savdoga]] katta eʼtibor bergan, Yevropa mamlakatlari bilan ham savdo-sotiq olib borgan. Akbar ilm-fan, sanʼatga ham homiylik qilgan. Akbarning vaziri va doʻsti Abulfazl Allomiy Akbar saltanati tarixiga oid „Akbar-noma“ asarini yozib qoddirgan. Akbar buyuk davlat arbobi, quvvai hofizasi kuchli, jasur, iqtidorli sarkarda boʻlgan.
 
== Yana qarang ==
 
* [[Akbar Shoh II]]
* [[Ashoka]]
* Maharana Pratap
* Buyuk odamlar roʻyxati
 
== Manbalar ==
<references responsive="" />
== Adabiyotlar ==
* [[OʻzME]]. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil
* Qodirov P., Humoyun va Akbar, T., 1994.
 
== Havolalar ==
{{Wikiquote}}{{Commons category|Akbar I}}
 
* [https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/14134 ''Akbar, Emperor of India''] by Richard von Garbe at Project Gutenberg
* [https://www.loc.gov/item/2021666203/ ''The Drama of Akbar''] by [[Muhammad Husain Azad]] from 1922.
{{S-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Timurid dynasty]]||14 October 1542||27 October 1605}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Humayun]]}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Mughal Emperor]]
| years = 1556–1605
}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jahangir]]}}
{{end}}{{OʻzME}}
{{chala}}
{{Boburiylar davlati hukmdorlari}}{{Boburiylar imperiyasi}}{{Authority control}}
[[Turkum:Boburiy hukmdorlar]]
[[Turkum:Eron millatiga mansub hind xalqi]]
[[Turkum:Hind jangchilari]]
[[Turkum:Hindiston sunniy musulmonlari]]
[[Turkum:Musulmon monarxlari]]
[[Turkum:Agra kishilari]]
[[Turkum:Boburiy imperatorlari]]
[[Turkum:Akbar| ]]

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Vikipediyada ismi Akbar boʻlgan boshqa kishilar haqida ham maqolalar mavjud.
Akbar Jaloliddin Muhammad
Podshoh
Gʻozi
3-Boburiy imperator
Saltanat 11 February 1556 — 27 October 1605[1]
Oʻtmishdoshi Humoyun
Davomchisi Jahongir
Regent Bayramxon (1556-1560)[2]
Tugʻilishi Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar
15 October 1542
Amarkot, Rajputana (present-day Umerkot, Sind, Pokiston)
Vafoti 27-oktyabr 1605-yil(1605-10-27)
(63 yoshda)
Fatehpur Sikri, Agra, Mughal Empire (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)
Dafn etilgan joy November 1605
Akbar’s Tomb, Sikandra, Agra
Turmush oʻrtogʻi
Turmush oʻrtogʻi
  • Raj Kunwari (turm. 1570)
  • Nathi Bai (turm. 1570)
  • Bhakkari Begum (turm. 1572)
  • Qasima Banu Begum (turm. 1575)
  • Gauhar-un-Nissa Begum
  • Bibi Daulat Shad
  • Rukmavati
  • several others
Farzandlari
Batafsil
Toʻliq nomi
Abu’l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar[7]
Vafotidan keyingi ismi
Arsh-Ashyani (soʻzma-soʻz tarjimasi — „One who nests on the divine throne“)
Uy House of Babur
Sulola Timurid dynasty
Otasi Humayun
Onasi Hamida Banu Begum
Dini Sunni Islam[8][9]
Din-e-Illahi
Akbar-shoh

Akbar Jaloliddin Muhammad (1542.14.10, Amarkot−1605, Agra yaqinidagi Sikandra qishlogʻi), „Akbar-shoh“ — Boburiylar sulolasidan hukmdor (1556—1605). Hindistondagi boburiylar saltanati hukmdori (1556-yildan).

Boburning nabirasi, Humoyunning oʻgʻli, 13 yoshida taxtga oʻtirgan (1556-yil 15-fevral). Dastlab vaziri turkman Bayramxon otaliq yorda-mida taxtni boshqargan, soʻngra balogʻat yoshiga yetgach, mamlakatni qattiqqoʻllik bilan idora eta boshlagan. Saltanatini kengaytirish uchun muttasil kurashgan. Akbarshoh davrida Boburiylar saltanati shimolda Balxdan tortib janubda Godovari daryosigacha (Kashmir va Afgʻoniston hududlari bilan), gʻarbda Arabiston dengizidan sharqda Bengaliya qoʻltigʻigacha boʻlgan ulkan hududni qamrab olgan. Markazlashgan saltanat tuzish maqsadida 1574-yildan ichki islohotlar oʻtkazishga kirishadi: qoʻshin ustida nazoratni kuchaytiradi va uni qayta tashkil etib, yangidan qurollantiradi, mamlakatni yangi maʼmuriy tumanlarga boʻladi. Nikoh rishtalari orqali Rajput knyazliklari bilan aloqalarni mustahkamlagan. Rajputlar otliq qoʻshini Akbar qoʻshinining asosini tashkil qilgan. Yirik yer egalari—jogirdorlarning oʻzboshimchaligiga qarshi bir qancha chora-tadbirlarni oʻtkazgan, 1574-yil dehqonlar, sarkardalarga yer inʼom etish oʻrniga xazinadan ularga maosh toʻlashni, mamlakatdagi yerlardan soliq toʻplashni oʻz xizmatchilari zimmasiga yuklagan. Akbar aholi orasida diniy jihatdan oʻzaro birdamlikka erishish maqsadida hindlarni yuqori mansablarga tayinlay boshlagan va yangi din—„dini ilohiy“ joriy etgan. Bu din oʻzida islom, hinduizm, parsizm va jaynizm dinlarining qorishmasidan iborat boʻlgan. Akbar dunyoviy va diniy hokimiyatni oʻzida mujassamlashtirgan. Bu dinga eʼtiqod qilganlar Akbarning marhamatiga sazovor boʻlganlar. Keyinchalik Akbar vafotidan soʻng bu yangi din kichik bir mazhabga aylanib qolgan. Akbar dehqonchilik va savdoga katta eʼtibor bergan, Yevropa mamlakatlari bilan ham savdo-sotiq olib borgan. Akbar ilm-fan, sanʼatga ham homiylik qilgan. Akbarning vaziri va doʻsti Abulfazl Allomiy Akbar saltanati tarixiga oid „Akbar-noma“ asarini yozib qoddirgan. Akbar buyuk davlat arbobi, quvvai hofizasi kuchli, jasur, iqtidorli sarkarda boʻlgan.

Yana qarang

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Manbalar

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
  1. ↑ "Akbar (Mughal emperor)". Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/11421/Akbar. <!--->
  2. ↑ Chandra 2005, s. 95
  3. ↑ Jahangir 1999, s. 437: "Ruqayya-Sultan Begam, the daughter of Mirza Hindal and wife of His Majesty Arsh-Ashyani [Akbar], had passed away in Akbarabad. She was His Majesty's chief wife. Since she did not have children, when Shahjahan was born His Majesty Arsh-Ashyani entrusted that 'unique pearl of the caliphate' to the begam's care, and she undertook to raise the prince. She departed this life at the age of eighty-four."
  4. ↑ Hindu Shah 1595–1612, s. 223: "Akbur, after this conquest, made pilgrimage to Khwaja Moyin-ood-Deen Chishty at Ajmere and returned to Agra; from whence he proceeded to visit the venerable Sheikh Sulim Chishty, in the village of Seekry. As all the king's children had hitherto died, he solicited the Sheikh's prayers, who consoled him, by assuring him he would soon have a son, who would live to a good old age. Shortly after, his favourite sooltana, being then pregnant, on Wednesday the 17th of Rubbee-ool-Awul, in the year 997 was delivered of a son, who was called Sulim."
  5. ↑ Mehta 1984, s. 222: "Bihari Mal gave rich dowry to his daughter and sent his son Bhagwan Das with a contingent of Rajput soldiers to escort his newly married sister to Agra as per Hindu custom. Akbar was deeply impressed by the highly dignified, sincere and princely conduct of his Rajput relations. He took Man Singh, the youthful son of Bhagwant Das into the royal service. Akbar was fascinated by the charm and accomplishments of his Rajput wife; he developed real love for her and raised her to the status of chief queen. She came to exercise profound impact on socio-cultural environment of the entire royal household and changed the lifestyle of Akbar. Salim (later Jahangir), heir to the throne, was born of this wedlock on 30th August, 1569."
  6. ↑ Ahloowalia 2009, s. 130
  7. ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Britannica
  8. ↑ Black 2011, s. 245
  9. ↑ Eraly 2000, s. 189

Adabiyotlar

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
  • OʻzME. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil
  • Qodirov P., Humoyun va Akbar, T., 1994.

Havolalar

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Vikiiqtibosda Akbar Jaloliddin Muhammadga tegishli iqtiboslar mavjud.
Vikiomborda „Akbar Jaloliddin Muhammad“ mavzusi boʻyicha mediafayllar bor.
Akbar Jaloliddin Muhammad
Tavalludi: 14 October 1542 Vafoti: 27 October 1605
Humkdorlik unvoni
Oldingisi Mughal Emperor
1556–1605 		Keyingisi 



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