Command and Control (book)
Command and Control: Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety — Eric Schlosser tomonidan yozilgan, 2013-yilda nashr etilgan badiiy bo‘lmagan kitob bo‘lib, unda yadro qurollari tizimlari tarixi va Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlaridagi yadro qurollari bilan bog‘liq avariyalar haqida so‘z yuritiladi.[1] Schlosser kitobda muhokama qilgan hodisalar qatoriga 1980-yildagi Damascus Titan raketasi portlashi, 1966-yildagi Palomares B-52 halokati va 1961-yildagi Goldsboro B-52 halokati kiradi.[2][3] U 2014-yilgi Pulitzer tarix mukofoti uchun finalchilar qatoridan joy olgan.[4] Kitob asosida suratga olingan hujjatli film 2017-yil boshida PBSdagi American Experience dasturining bir qismi sifatida namoyish etilgan.[5]
Sinopsis
Ushbu kitob AQShning yadro qurollari dasturining tarixiy sharhi bo‘lib, Broken Arrow deb ataladigan yadro qurollari avariyalarining batafsil bayonlarini o‘z ichiga oladi.
1980-yil sentabr oyida Arkanzas shtatidagi Damascus shahri yaqinidagi Launch Complex 374-7 majmuasida tashlab yuborilgan gayka kaliti Titan II raketasining birinchi bosqichidagi yoqilg‘i bakini teshib yubordi. Natijada yuzaga kelgan sizib chiqish 1980 Damascus Titan raketasi portlashiga olib keldi va raketa shaxtasidan to‘qqiz megatonlik W-53 yadro kallagini chiqarib yubordi, biroq kallak portlamadi.
Schlosser Damascus hodisasi asosida AQSh va butun dunyodagi yadro arsenallarining rivojlanishi, ularga texnik xizmat ko‘rsatish va noto‘g‘ri boshqarilishining yetmish yillik tarixini bayon qiladi. U Manxetten loyihasi, Sovuq urush va yadro salohiyatining butun dunyo bo‘ylab tarqalishini yoritadi. Kitobda boshqa Broken Arrow hodisalari ham tasvirlangan.
1961-yil yanvar oyida B-52 Stratofortress samolyoti Goldsboro, North Carolina yaqinida havoda parchalanib ketdi; samolyot bortida ikkita Mark 39 yadro bombasi bo‘lgan. Bombalardan birining jangovar holatga keltirish ketma-ketligi deyarli to‘liq yakunlangan, ikkinchisi esa butun holatda topilgan.
1966-yil yanvar oyida yana bir B-52 KC-135 Stratotanker bilan Palomares, Ispaniya ustida havoda yonilg‘i quyish vaqtida to‘qnashdi. Avariya natijasida to‘rtta B28 yadro bombasi tushib ketib, plutoniy qishloq hududiga tarqaldi.
Ushbu voqealarni bayon qilish orqali Schlosser muassasalarning hodisalarni yashirish holatlariga e’tibor qaratadi hamda operatsion nazorat va qurol ishonchliligi o‘rtasida takroran yuzaga keladigan ziddiyatlarni tahlil qiladi.
Tanqidiy qabul
The New York Times gazetasidagi sharhda kitob "bezovta qiluvchi, ammo o‘ziga tortuvchi" deb ta’riflangan va Schlosser "siyosat tahlilchisidan ko‘ra yaxshiroq muxbir" ekani qayd etilgan.[6]
Ichki xavfsizlik bo‘yicha maslahatchi Lee H. Hamilton kitob haqida shunday degan: "The lesson of this powerful and disturbing book is that the world's nuclear arsenals are not as safe as they should be. We should take no comfort in our skill and good fortune in preventing a nuclear catastrophe, but urgently extend our maximum effort to assure that a nuclear weapon does not go off by accident, mistake, or miscalculation."[7]
Manbalar
- ↑ [[1](https://www.npr.org/2014/08/11/339131421/nuclear-command-and-control-a-history-of-false-alarms-and-near-catastrophes) „Nuclear 'Command And Control': A History Of False Alarms And Near Catastrophes“]. NPR (2014-yil 11-avgust). Qaraldi: 2016-yil 29-aprel.
- ↑ Axelrod, Jim. [[2](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/author-eric-schlosser-hydrogen-bomb-almost-detonated-in-north-carolina-in-1961/) „Author Eric Schlosser: Hydrogen bomb almost detonated in North Carolina in 1961“]. CBS News (2013-yil 21-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2016-yil 29-aprel.
- ↑ Mechanic, Michael. [[3](https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/08/eric-schlosser-command-control-excerpt-nuclear-weapons) „A Sneak Peek at Eric Schlosser's Terrifying New Book on Nuclear Weapons“]. Mother Jones (2013-yil 15-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2016-yil 29-aprel.
- ↑ {{Veb manbasi}} andozasining barcha parametrlari oʻz nomiga ega boʻlishi zarur. [[4](http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2014-History) „The Pulitzer Prizes“]. Pulitzer.org. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 12-may.
- ↑ [[5](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/command-and-control/) „Watch Command and Control“]. PBS.org. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 28-oktyabr.
- ↑ [„Atomic) Gaffes“. The New York Times (2013-yil 15-sentyabr).
- ↑ Hamilton, Lee H.. Command and Control: Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety. Penguin, 26 August 2014. ISBN 978-0143125785.
Tashqi havolalar
- Schlosser, Eric. [[6](https://archive.org/details/commandcontrolnu0000schl_d5s2) Command and Control: Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety] (en-us). Penguin Publishing Group, 2014-08-26. ISBN 978-0143125785. OCLC 1285471375. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 12-iyul.
- [[7](https://www.c-span.org/program/book-tv/after-words-with-eric-schlosser/322035) Interview with Schlosser on Command and Control], September 27, 2013, After Words, C-SPAN