Budda: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

*Gautama Budda*
*Shakyamuni*
Gautama Budda; Shakyamuni
	Siddharta Gautama
	; Buddaning birinchi vaʼzini aytayotgan haykali — Sarnath, milodiy V asr
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlar
Tavalludi	Sidharta Gautama; tax. 563 yoki 480 milodiy
Vafoti	tax. 483 yoki 400 milodiy (80 yoshda); Kushinagar, Malla Respublikasi (buddaviy anʼanalarga ko‘ra)
Dini	Buddizm
Turmush oʻrtoq(lar)i	Yaśodharā
Farzandlari	Rāhula
Ota-onasi	Śuddhodana (otasi); Maha Maya (onasi);

$2, $3 dagi (joriy) koʻrinishi

Buddizm
Madaniyati
Tarixi
Buddistlar
Maktablar
Ibodatxonalar
Matnlar
Portal

Budda (sanskritcha – xotirjam, nurlangan, oliy haqiqatga erishgan) – buddizmda bir necha bor qayta tugʻilishlar jarayonida mutlaq haqiqatga yetishgan va boshqalarga diniy najot yoʻlini koʻrsatishga qodir zot. Keng maʼnoda – har bir inson juda koʻp ezgulik qilish, bu dunyoning barcha sevimli narsalari foydasiz ekanini anglash orqali Buddaga aylanishi mumkin. Buddizm panteonida yuzlab turli Buddalar bor.

Tor maʼnoda esa – buddizm asoschisi, bu dunyo tashvishlarini tark etib, „oliy haqiqatga erishgan“ Siddhartha Gautama (miloddan avvalgi 623-544)ning ismi. Buddizmga taalluqli kitoblarda Gautama barcha xudolar, ruxlar va tabiat kuchlari ustidan hukmron buyuk va qudratli zot sifatida taʼriflanar ekan, uning bosib oʻtgan yoʻli bir emas, bir necha hayotlardan iborat boʻlgan deb uqtiriladi. Rivoyatlarga koʻra, Gautamani Hindiston va Nepal chegarasidagi Kapilavastu shahri podshohining xotini Mahamayya ilohiy homiladorlikdan tuqqan. Dunyoga kelgan farzand shu zahotiyoq: „Men barcha jonli maxluqlarning eng buyugiman. Bu mening oxirgi tugilishim“, deb xitob kiladi. Buddizm diniy kitoblarida aytilishicha, Mahamayya oʻgʻli Gautama tugʻilgach, yetti kundan soʻng vafot qilgan va xudolar osmonlaridan birida qayta tug‘ilgan.

Shahzoda Gautama pahlavon boʻlib oʻsa boradi. 16 yoshida uni Yashodharaga uylantiradilar. Ammo toʻq, farovon turmush uni qoniqtirmaydi, 29 yoshida Gautama xotini va yaqindagina tug‘ilgan oʻgʻlini tark etib, sayyor darvishlar – shramanlarga qoʻshiladi. U 6 yil Ganga daryosi qirgʻoqlarida zoxdplik bilan hayot kechiradi va tana faolligini sundirish aklning ozishiga olib kelishini anglagach, 35 yoshida 4 hafta (yoki 7 hafta) davomida meditatsiya (butun ongini oliy haqiqatga erishish goyasiga qaratish) holatiga kiradi. Nihoyat, u maqsadiga erishadi va koinotning barcha sirasroridan voqif boʻlgan Buddaga aylanadi. Budda insoniyat boshiga tushadigan azobuqubatlar sabablarini oʻrganish va insoniyatni ulardan xalos qilish uchun harakat qildi. Shundan soʻng Budda 45 yil davomida qad. hind davlatlari Koshala va Magadxa boʻylab oʻz taʼlimotini targʻib qiladi va 80 yoshida vafot etadi.

Budda taʼlimotining asosiy mazmuni Banorasda qilingan xutbada „toʻrt oliy haqiqat“ shaklida bayon etilgan. Buddaning shogirdlari yer yuzida birinchi rohiblar jamoasini tashkil etganlar. 1956-yil Budda vafotining 2500-yilligi tantanali ravishda nishonlandi. Podsho Ashoka (miloddan avvalgi 268—231 yillar) amri bilan toshtaxtachalarga oʻyib yozdirilgan matnlarda Budda haqida baʼzi maʼlumotlar uchraydi. Budda va uning taʼlimotlari bir necha asr davomida ogʻizdanogʻizga oʻtib kelgan va asosan miloddan avvalgi I asrda yozib olingan „Tripitaka“ nomli muqaddas kitoblar majmuasida oʻz aksini topgan^[4].

Izohlar

↑
Budda lotus holatida oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan. Asosiy relyef markazida Buddaviy qonun g‘ildiragi bo‘lgan dharmachakra tasviri joylashgan, uning har ikki tomonida yotgan kiyiklar tasvirlangan bo‘lib, bu voqea sodir bo‘lgan kiyiklar bog‘ini ifodalaydi. Uning qo‘llari barmoqlari taʼlim holatini ifodalamoqda.
- Sahni (1914, ss. 70–71, B (b) 181-bob): "Gautama Buddaning haykali (balandligi 5 fut 3 dyuym, aylanasi 2 fut 7 dyuym), Sarnathda birinchi vaʼzini o‘qiyotgan holatda, qalin yostiq ustida oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan. O‘rindiq oyoqlari bezakli tarzda ishlangan."
- Eck (1982, s. 63): "Sarnath muzeyidagi eng mashhur haykallardan birida Budda oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan, uning tana qismlari o‘sha davr ikonografiyasiga muvofiq mukammal proporsiyalarda ishlangan. Qo‘llari taʼlim holatida, ko‘zlari pastga qaratilgan va yarmi ochiq, xuddi meditatsiya holatida. Boshi orqasida nafis naqshlar bilan bezatilgan doira — nimbus mavjud."
- Mani (2012, ss. 66–67): "O‘tirgan holatdagi Budda haykali, B(b) 181 — Budda taʼlim holatida oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan, Gupta davri sanʼatining eng nafis asarlaridan biri sanaladi. Nimbusi ikkita osmoniy mavjudot va an’anaviy uslubdagi o‘simlik naqshlari bilan bezatilgan."

Manbalar

↑ Cousins (1996), ss. 57–63.
↑ Norman (1997), s. 33.
↑ Prebish (2008).
↑ Fayl:National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan logo.png „Budda“, Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. (B-harfi). Toshkent: „Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi“ Davlat ilmiy nashriyoti, 2000–2006-yillar.

Adabiyotlar

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Havolalar

Buddizm unvoni
Oldingisi Kassapa Budda	Buddist Patriarxi	Keyingisi Maitreya Budda
Humkdorlik unvoni
Oldingisi Krishna	Dashavatara Kali Yuga	Keyingisi Kalki

Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.

Ushbu maqola çaladir. Siz uni boyitib, ZiyoSferaga yordam berişingiz mumkin.
Bu andozani aniqrogʻiga almashtirish kerak.

[Buddha-statue-1] Budda lotus holatida oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan. Asosiy relyef markazida Buddaviy qonun g‘ildiragi bo‘lgan dharmachakra tasviri joylashgan, uning har ikki tomonida yotgan kiyiklar tasvirlangan bo‘lib, bu voqea sodir bo‘lgan kiyiklar bog‘ini ifodalaydi. Uning qo‘llari barmoqlari taʼlim holatini ifodalamoqda.
Sahni (1914, ss. 70–71, B (b) 181-bob): "Gautama Buddaning haykali (balandligi 5 fut 3 dyuym, aylanasi 2 fut 7 dyuym), Sarnathda birinchi vaʼzini o‘qiyotgan holatda, qalin yostiq ustida oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan. O‘rindiq oyoqlari bezakli tarzda ishlangan."

Eck (1982, s. 63): "Sarnath muzeyidagi eng mashhur haykallardan birida Budda oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan, uning tana qismlari o‘sha davr ikonografiyasiga muvofiq mukammal proporsiyalarda ishlangan. Qo‘llari taʼlim holatida, ko‘zlari pastga qaratilgan va yarmi ochiq, xuddi meditatsiya holatida. Boshi orqasida nafis naqshlar bilan bezatilgan doira — nimbus mavjud."

Mani (2012, ss. 66–67): "O‘tirgan holatdagi Budda haykali, B(b) 181 — Budda taʼlim holatida oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan, Gupta davri sanʼatining eng nafis asarlaridan biri sanaladi. Nimbusi ikkita osmoniy mavjudot va an’anaviy uslubdagi o‘simlik naqshlari bilan bezatilgan."

[2] Sahni (1914, ss. 70–71, B (b) 181-bob): "Gautama Buddaning haykali (balandligi 5 fut 3 dyuym, aylanasi 2 fut 7 dyuym), Sarnathda birinchi vaʼzini o‘qiyotgan holatda, qalin yostiq ustida oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan. O‘rindiq oyoqlari bezakli tarzda ishlangan."

[3] Eck (1982, s. 63): "Sarnath muzeyidagi eng mashhur haykallardan birida Budda oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan, uning tana qismlari o‘sha davr ikonografiyasiga muvofiq mukammal proporsiyalarda ishlangan. Qo‘llari taʼlim holatida, ko‘zlari pastga qaratilgan va yarmi ochiq, xuddi meditatsiya holatida. Boshi orqasida nafis naqshlar bilan bezatilgan doira — nimbus mavjud."

[4] Mani (2012, ss. 66–67): "O‘tirgan holatdagi Budda haykali, B(b) 181 — Budda taʼlim holatida oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan, Gupta davri sanʼatining eng nafis asarlaridan biri sanaladi. Nimbusi ikkita osmoniy mavjudot va an’anaviy uslubdagi o‘simlik naqshlari bilan bezatilgan."

[FOOTNOTECousins199657–63-2] Cousins (1996), ss. 57–63.

[FOOTNOTENorman199733-3] Norman (1997), s. 33.

[FOOTNOTEPrebish2008-4] Prebish (2008).

[5] Fayl:National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan logo.png „Budda“, Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. (B-harfi). Toshkent: „Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi“ Davlat ilmiy nashriyoti, 2000–2006-yillar.

[izoh 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

-#YOʻNALTIRISH [[Budda]]
+{{Dindor biografiyasi bilgiqutisi
+| religion           = [[Buddizm]]
+| name               = ''Gautama Budda''<br/>''Shakyamuni''
+| native_name        = Siddharta Gautama
+| image              = Buddha in Sarnath Museum (Dhammajak Mutra).jpg
+| caption            = Buddaning birinchi vaʼzini aytayotgan haykali — Sarnath, milodiy <nowiki>V</nowiki> asr{{efn|name="Buddha-statue"|
+Budda [[lotus holati]]da oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan. Asosiy relyef markazida Buddaviy qonun g‘ildiragi bo‘lgan ''[[dharmachakra]]'' tasviri joylashgan, uning har ikki tomonida [[Attitude (heraldry)#Couchant|yotgan]] kiyiklar tasvirlangan bo‘lib, bu voqea sodir bo‘lgan kiyiklar bog‘ini ifodalaydi. Uning qo‘llari barmoqlari [[Mudra#Dharmachakra Pravartana Mudrā|taʼlim holati]]ni ifodalamoqda.
+* {{harvtxt|Sahni|1914|pp=70–71, B (b) 181-bob}}: "Gautama Buddaning haykali (balandligi 5 fut 3 dyuym, aylanasi 2 fut 7 dyuym), Sarnathda birinchi vaʼzini o‘qiyotgan holatda, qalin yostiq ustida oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan. O‘rindiq oyoqlari bezakli tarzda ishlangan."
+* {{harvtxt|Eck|1982|p=63}}: "Sarnath muzeyidagi eng mashhur haykallardan birida Budda oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan, uning tana qismlari o‘sha davr ikonografiyasiga muvofiq mukammal proporsiyalarda ishlangan. Qo‘llari taʼlim holatida, ko‘zlari pastga qaratilgan va yarmi ochiq, xuddi meditatsiya holatida. Boshi orqasida nafis naqshlar bilan bezatilgan doira — nimbus mavjud."
+* {{harvtxt|Mani|2012|pp=66–67}}: "O‘tirgan holatdagi Budda haykali, B(b) 181 — Budda taʼlim holatida oyoqlarini chalkashtirib o‘tirgan, Gupta davri sanʼatining eng nafis asarlaridan biri sanaladi. Nimbusi ikkita osmoniy mavjudot va an’anaviy uslubdagi o‘simlik naqshlari bilan bezatilgan."}}
+| module0            = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes| headercolor= #FFCC33
+ | san               =  Siddhārtha Gautama
+ | pli               =  Siddhattha Gotama }}
+| module1            = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes| headercolor= #FFCC33
+ | san               =  Siddhārtha Gautama
+ | pli               =  Siddhattha Gotama }}
+| module             = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes| headercolor= #FFCC33
+ | san               =  Siddhārtha Gautama
+ | pli               =  Siddhattha Gotama }}
+| birthname          = Sidharta Gautama
+| birth_date         = {{circa|563 yoki 480 milodiy}}
+| death_date         = {{circa|483 yoki 400 milodiy}} (80 yoshda){{sfnp|Cousins|1996|pp=57–63}}{{sfnp|Norman|1997|p=33}}{{sfnp|Prebish|2008}}
+| successor1         = [[Maitreya]]
+| father             = [[Śuddhodana]]
+| mother             = Maha Maya
+| spouse             = [[Yaśodharā]]
+| children           = [[Rāhula]]
+| death_place        = [[Kushinagar]], [[Malla (qabila)|Malla Respublikasi]] (buddaviy anʼanalarga ko‘ra)
+}}
+[[Fayl:Hong Kong Budha.jpg|thumb|311x311px|right]]
+{{buddizm}}
+'''Budda''' ([[sanskrit]]cha – xotirjam, nurlangan, oliy haqiqatga erishgan) – buddizmda bir necha bor qayta tugʻilishlar jarayonida mutlaq haqiqatga yetishgan va boshqalarga diniy najot yoʻlini koʻrsatishga qodir zot. Keng maʼnoda – har bir inson juda koʻp ezgulik qilish, bu dunyoning barcha sevimli narsalari foydasiz ekanini anglash orqali Buddaga aylanishi mumkin. [[Buddizm]] panteonida yuzlab turli Buddalar bor.
+Tor maʼnoda esa – buddizm asoschisi, bu dunyo tashvishlarini tark etib, „oliy haqiqatga erishgan“ Siddhartha Gautama (miloddan avvalgi 623-544)ning ismi. Buddizmga taalluqli kitoblarda Gautama barcha xudolar, ruxlar va tabiat kuchlari ustidan hukmron buyuk va qudratli zot sifatida taʼriflanar ekan, uning bosib oʻtgan yoʻli bir emas, bir necha hayotlardan iborat boʻlgan deb uqtiriladi. Rivoyatlarga koʻra, Gautamani [[Hindiston]] va Nepal chegarasidagi Kapilavastu shahri podshohining xotini Mahamayya ilohiy homiladorlikdan tuqqan. Dunyoga kelgan farzand shu zahotiyoq: „Men barcha jonli maxluqlarning eng buyugiman. Bu mening oxirgi tugilishim“, deb xitob kiladi. Buddizm diniy kitoblarida aytilishicha, Mahamayya oʻgʻli Gautama tugʻilgach, yetti kundan soʻng vafot qilgan va xudolar osmonlaridan birida qayta tug‘ilgan.
+Shahzoda Gautama pahlavon boʻlib oʻsa boradi. 16 yoshida uni Yashodharaga uylantiradilar. Ammo toʻq, farovon turmush uni qoniqtirmaydi, 29 yoshida Gautama xotini va yaqindagina tug‘ilgan oʻgʻlini tark etib, sayyor darvishlar – shramanlarga qoʻshiladi. U 6 yil Ganga daryosi qirgʻoqlarida zoxdplik bilan hayot kechiradi va tana faolligini sundirish aklning ozishiga olib kelishini anglagach, 35 yoshida 4 hafta (yoki 7 hafta) davomida meditatsiya (butun ongini oliy haqiqatga erishish goyasiga qaratish) holatiga kiradi. Nihoyat, u maqsadiga erishadi va koinotning barcha sirasroridan voqif boʻlgan Buddaga aylanadi. Budda insoniyat boshiga tushadigan azobuqubatlar sabablarini oʻrganish va insoniyatni ulardan xalos qilish uchun harakat qildi. Shundan soʻng Budda 45 yil davomida qad. hind davlatlari Koshala va Magadxa boʻylab oʻz taʼlimotini targʻib qiladi va 80 yoshida vafot etadi.
+Budda taʼlimotining asosiy mazmuni Banorasda qilingan xutbada „toʻrt oliy haqiqat“ shaklida bayon etilgan. Buddaning shogirdlari yer yuzida birinchi rohiblar jamoasini tashkil etganlar. 1956-yil Budda vafotining 2500-yilligi tantanali ravishda nishonlandi. [[Podshoh|Podsho]] Ashoka (miloddan avvalgi 268—231 yillar) amri bilan toshtaxtachalarga oʻyib yozdirilgan matnlarda Budda haqida baʼzi maʼlumotlar uchraydi. Budda va uning taʼlimotlari bir necha asr davomida ogʻizdanogʻizga oʻtib kelgan va asosan miloddan avvalgi <nowiki>I</nowiki> asrda yozib olingan „Tripitaka“ nomli muqaddas kitoblar majmuasida oʻz aksini topgan{{OʻzME-B}}.
+== Izohlar ==
+<references group="izoh"/>
+== Manbalar ==
+{{manbalar}}
+== Adabiyotlar ==
+* [[OʻzME]]. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil
+{{refbegin|30em}}
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+* {{Citation |last = Norman |first = K.R. |year=1997 |title = A Philological Approach to Buddhism |series = The Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai Lectures 1994 |publisher = School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London) }}
+* {{Citation |last=Norman |first=K.R. |year=2003 |chapter=The Four Noble Truths |title=K.R. Norman Collected Papers |volume=II |pages=210–223 |place=Oxford |publisher=Pali Text Society |author-mask=3}}
+* {{Citation |author = Ñāṇamoli Bhikkhu |author-link= Ñāṇamoli Bhikkhu |year = 1992 |title = The Life of the Buddha: According to the Pali Canon |publisher = Buddhist Publication Society}}
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+* {{citation|last=OED|title=Oxford English Dictionary|edition=3|date=2013|chapter=Buddha, n.|publisher=Oxford University Press|chapter-url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/24240}}
+* {{kitob manbasi |last=Omvedt |first=Gail |author-link=Gail Omvedt |year=2003 |title=Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and Caste |url=https://archive.org/details/buddhisminindiac0000omve |url-access=limited |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-0-7619-9664-4 }}
+<!-- P -->
+* {{Citation |last1=Penner |first1=Hans H. |title=Rediscovering the Buddha: The Legends and Their Interpretations |date=2009 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-538582-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=moI8DwAAQBAJ |access-date=6 May 2020 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111054003/https://books.google.com/books?id=moI8DwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
+* {{Citation |last=Prebish |first=Charles S. |year=2008 |title=Cooking the Buddhist Books: The Implications of the New Dating of the Buddha for the History of Early Indian Buddhism |journal=Journal of Buddhist Ethics |volume=15 |pages=1–21 |issn=1076-9005 |url=http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/files/2010/05/prebish-article.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128200109/http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/files/2010/05/prebish-article.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2012 }}
+<!-- R -->
+* {{Citation | last =Rawlinson | first =Hugh George | year =1950 | title =A Concise History of the Indian People | publisher =Oxford University Press}}
+* {{Citation | last =Ray | first =Reginald A. | year =1999 | title =Buddhist Saints in India: A Study in Buddhist Values and Orientations | publisher =Oxford University Press}}
+* {{Citation | last1 =Reynolds | first1 =Frank E. | last2 =Hallisey | first2 =Charles | year =2005 | chapter =Buddha | editor-last =Jones | editor-first =Lindsay | title =MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion Vol.2| publisher =MacMillan}}
+* {{Citation | last = Roy | first = Ashim Kumar | year= 1984 | title = A history of the Jains |location = New Delhi | publisher = Gitanjali | page = 179 |citeseerx = 10.1.1.132.6107 }}
+* {{Citation |last = Ruegg |first = Seyford |title = A new publication on the date and historiography of Buddha's decease (nirvana): a review article |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |date = 1999 |volume = 62 |issue = 1 |pages = 82–87 |doi=10.1017/s0041977x00017572|s2cid = 162902049 }}
+<!-- S -->
+* {{citation|last=Sahni|first=Daya Ram|author-link=Daya Ram Sahni|title=Catalogue of the Museum of Archaeology at Sarnath|pages=70–71|chapter = B (b) 181. |location=Calcutta|publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India|year=1914|oclc=173481241}}
+* {{Citation |last = Samuel |first = Geoffrey |author-link=Geoffrey Samuel |year = 2010 |title = The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century |publisher = Cambridge University Press}}
+* {{Citation |last=Schmithausen |first=Lambert |language=de |contribution=On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism |title=Studien zum Jainismus und Buddhismus (Gedenkschrift für Ludwig Alsdorf) |trans-title=Studies on Jainism and Buddhism (Schriftfest for Ludwig Alsdorf) |editor1-last=von Klaus |editor1-first=Bruhn |editor2-first=Albrecht |editor2-last=Wezler |location=Wiesbaden |year=1981 |pages=199–250}}
+* {{Citation |last=Schmithausen |first=Lambert |year=1990 |title=Buddhism and Nature |place=Tokyo |oclc=697272229 |author-mask=3}}
+* {{Citation |last = Schober |first = Juliane |year = 2002 |title= Sacred biography in the Buddhist traditions of South and Southeast Asia |location = Delhi |publisher = Motilal Banarsidass}}
+* {{Citation |last = Schumann |first = Hans Wolfgang |year = 2003 |title = The Historical Buddha: The Times, Life, and Teachings of the Founder of Buddhism |publisher = Motilal Banarsidass |isbn = 978-81-208-1817-0}}
+* {{Citation | last =Sharma | first =R.S. | year =2006 | title =India's Ancient Past | publisher =Oxford University Press}}
+* {{Citation | last =Shulman | first =Eviatar | year =2008 | title =Early Meanings of Dependent-Origination | journal =Journal of Indian Philosophy | volume =36 | issue =2 | pages =297–317 | doi =10.1007/s10781-007-9030-8 | s2cid =59132368 | url =http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/Early%20Meanings%20of%20Dependent%20Origination_Shulman_JIP_2008.pdf | access-date =23 October 2022 | archive-date =23 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221023070642/http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/Early%20Meanings%20of%20Dependent%20Origination_Shulman_JIP_2008.pdf | url-status =dead }}
+* {{Citation | last1 =Shults | first1 =Brett | year =2014 | title =On the Buddha's Use of Some Brahmanical Motifs in Pali Texts | journal =Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies | volume =6 | pages =106–140 | url =http://jocbs.org/index.php/jocbs/article/view/76/96 | access-date =22 April 2016 | archive-date =27 April 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160427094128/http://jocbs.org/index.php/jocbs/article/view/76/96 | url-status =live }}
+* {{citation |last=Siderits |first=Mark |title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |chapter=Buddha |chapter-url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/ |year=2019 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=24 January 2020 |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521121053/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/ |url-status=live }}
+* {{Citation |last = Srivastava |first = K.M. |title = Kapilavastu and Its Precise Location |journal = East and West |date = 1979 |volume = 29 |issue = 1/4 |pages =61–74 }}
+* {{Citation |last=Srivastava |first=K.M. |author-mask=3 |title=Archaeological Excavations at Priprahwa and Ganwaria and the Identification of Kapilavastu |journal=Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies |date=1980 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=103–110 |url=https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/viewFile/8511/2418 |access-date=15 April 2015 |archive-date=26 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626140026/https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/viewFile/8511/2418 |url-status=live }}
+* {{Citation |last = Skilton |first= Andrew |title = A Concise History of Buddhism |year=2004}}
+* {{Citation |last = Smith |first = Vincent |title = The Early History of India |location = Oxford |publisher = Clarendon |year = 1924 |edition = 4th |url = https://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryofi00smit }}
+* {{Citation | last1 =Stein | first1 =Burton | last2 =Arnold | first2 =David | year =2012 | title =A History of India | publisher =Oxford-Wiley}}
+* {{Citation |last=Strong |first=J.S. |author-link=John S. Strong |title=The Buddha: A Beginner's Guide |date=2001 |publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] |isbn=978-1-78074-054-6}}
+* {{Citation |last=Strong |first=J.S. |author-link=John S. Strong |year = 2007 |title = Relics of the Buddha |publisher = Motilal Banarsidass |author-mask=3}}
+* {{Citation |last=Strong |first=J.S. |author-link=John S. Strong |title=Buddhisms: An Introduction |date=2015 |publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] |isbn=978-1-78074-506-0 |author-mask=3}}
+* {{Citation |last = Swearer |first=Donald |year=2004 |title = Becoming the Buddha |location = Princeton, NJ |publisher = Princeton University Press}}
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+* {{Citation | last =Thapar | first= Romila | year =2002 | title =The Penguin History of Early India: From Origins to AD 1300 | publisher =Penguin }}
+* {{Citation | last =Thapar | first =Romila | year =2004 | title =Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 | publisher =University of Californian Press | isbn =0-520-24225-4}}
+* {{Citation |last=Trainor |first=Kevin |year=2010 |title="Kapilavastu", in: Keown, Damien; Prebish, Charles S. Encyclopedia of Buddhism |location=London |publisher=Routledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ&q=kapilavastu&pg=PA436 |isbn=978-1-136-98588-1 }}
+* {{Citation |last = Tripathy |first = Ajit Kumar |date = Jan 2014 |title = The Real Birth Place of Buddha. Yesterday's Kapilavastu, Today's Kapileswar |journal = The Orissa Historical Research Journal |volume = 47 |number = 1 |publisher = Orissa State museum |url = http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/jounalvol1/pdf/orhj-3.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120318073346/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/jounalvol1/pdf/orhj-3.pdf |archive-date = 18 March 2012 }}
+* {{Citation |last = Tuladhar |first = Swoyambhu D. |title = The Ancient City of Kapilvastu – Revisited |journal = Ancient Nepal |issue = 151 |date = November 2002 |pages = 1–7 |url = http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_151_01.pdf |access-date = 15 April 2015 |archive-date = 9 January 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160109111946/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_151_01.pdf |url-status = live }}
+* {{Citation |last = Turpie |first = D |title = Wesak And The Re-Creation of Buddhist Tradition |type = master's thesis |location = Montreal, [[Quebec|QC]] |publisher = McGill University |year = 2001 |archive-date = 15 April 2007 |url = http://mrsp.mcgill.ca/reports/pdfs/Wesak.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070415174531/http://mrsp.mcgill.ca/reports/pdfs/Wesak.pdf }}
+* {{Citation |editor-last=Twitchett |editor-first=Denis |title=The Cambridge History of China |series=Vol. 1. The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC – AD 220 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-521-24327-8}}
+<!-- U -->
+* {{Citation |last = Upadhyaya |first=KN |title = Early Buddhism and the Bhagavadgita |year = 1971 |publisher= Motilal Banarsidass| location = Delhi |isbn = 978-81-208-0880-5 |page = 95}}
+<!-- V -->
+* {{Citation |last = Vetter |first = Tilmann |year = 1988 |title = The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism |publisher = Brill}}
+* {{jurnal manbasi |last=von Hinüber |first=Oskar |date=2008 |author-link=Oskar von Hinüber |title=Hoary past and hazy memory. On the history of early Buddhist texts |journal=Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=193–210 |url=https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/viewFile/8977/2870 |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=15 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115224028/https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/viewFile/8977/2870 |url-status=live }}
+<!-- W -->
+* {{Citation |last = Waley |first = Arthur |title = Did Buddha die of eating pork?: with a note on Buddha's image |journal = Melanges Chinois et Bouddhiques: 1931–1932 |date = July 1932 |pages = 343–354 |publisher = NTU |archive-date = 3 June 2011 |url = http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-MEL/waley.htm |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110603235636/http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-MEL/waley.htm }}
+* {{Citation |last = Walshe |first = Maurice |year = 1995 |title = The Long Discourses of the Buddha. A Translation of the Digha Nikaya |location = Boston |publisher = Wisdom Publications}}
+* {{kitob manbasi |last=Warder |first=A.K. |title=A Course in Indian Philosophy |chapter=Lokayata, Ajivaka, and Ajnana Philosophy |year=1998 |edition=2nd |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |location=Delhi |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zw1UD1Mj9DwC&q=ajnana |isbn=978-81-208-1244-4 }}
+* {{Citation |last=Warder |first=A.K. |author-link=A. K. Warder |year=2000 |title=Indian Buddhism |series=Buddhism Series |edition=3rd |location=Delhi |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |author-mask=3}}
+* {{kitob manbasi |last=Warder |first=A.K. |year=2004 |title=Indian Buddhism |edition=reprint |location=Delhi |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |author-mask=3 |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/179229498/A-K-Warder-Indian-Buddhism-pdf |access-date=13 October 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415065401/https://www.scribd.com/doc/179229498/A-K-Warder-Indian-Buddhism-pdf |url-status=live }}
+* {{Citation | last =Wayman | first =Alex | year =1971  | title =Buddhist Dependent Origination | journal = History of Religions |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=185–203 | jstor =1062009 | doi =10.1086/462628 | s2cid =161507469 }}
+* {{Citation | last =Wayman | first =Alex | year =1984a | title =Dependent Origination - the Indo-Tibetan Vision}} in {{harvp|Wayman|1984}}
+* {{Citation | last =Wayman | first =Alex | year =1984b | title =The Intermediate-State Dispute in Buddhism}} in {{harvp|Wayman|1984}}
+* {{Citation |last=Wayman |first=Alex |editor=George R. Elder |year=1984 |title=Budddhist Insight: Essays by Alex Wayman |publisher=Motilall Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0675-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BNIdOsp3KIgC }}
+* {{Citation |last = Wayman |first= Alex |year= 1997 |title = Untying the Knots in Buddhism: Selected Essays |publisher = Motilal Banarsidass |isbn = 978-81-208-1321-2}}
+* {{Citation |last = Weise |first = Kai |title = The Sacred Garden of Lumbini – Perceptions of Buddha's Birthplace |date = 2013 |publisher = UNESCO |location = Paris |isbn = 978-92-3-001208-3 |archive-date = 30 August 2014 |url = http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002239/223986E.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140830011700/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002239/223986E.pdf }}
+* {{Citation |last=Willemen |first=Charles, transl. |year=2009 |title=Buddhacarita: In Praise of Buddha's Acts |location=Berkeley, CA |publisher=Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research |isbn=978-1-886439-42-9 |url=http://www.bdkamerica.org/digital/dbet_t0192_buddhacarita_2009.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827205858/http://www.bdkamerica.org/digital/dbet_t0192_buddhacarita_2009.pdf |archive-date=27 August 2014 }}
+* {{kitob manbasi|last=Williams |first=Paul |year=2002 |title=Buddhist Thought |url=https://archive.org/details/buddhistthoughtc0000will |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-20701-0}}
+* {{Citation |last=Wynne|first=Alexander |year=2004 |title=The Origin of Buddhist Meditation |publisher=Routledge}}
+* {{Citation |last=Wynne |first=Alexander |year=2007 |title=The Origin of Buddhist Meditation |url=http://www.e-reading.link/bookreader.php/134839/The_Origin_of_Buddhist_Meditation.pdf |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-96300-5 |author-mask=3 |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020171410/http://www.e-reading.link/bookreader.php/134839/The_Origin_of_Buddhist_Meditation.pdf |url-status=live }}
+<!-- Y -->
+* {{Jurnal manbasi|last=Yusuf|first=Imitiyaz|date=2009|title=Dialogue Between Islam and Buddhism through the Concepts Ummatan Wasaṭan (The Middle Nation) and Majjhima-Patipada (The Middle Way)|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20839172|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=48|issue=3|pages=367–394|doi=10.52541/isiri.v48i3.4144 |jstor=20839172|issn=0578-8072|access-date=16 July 2021|archive-date=16 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716215345/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20839172|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}
+{{refend}}
+== Havolalar ==
+{{Commons}}
+{{Wikiquote}}
+{{Vikimanba|works=or}}
+{{S-start}}
+{{S-rel |[[Buddizm|Buddizm unvoni]]}}
+{{s-bef
+| before = [[Kassapa Budda]]
+}}
+{{s-ttl
+| title = Buddist Patriarxi
+| years =
+}}
+{{s-aft
+| after = [[Maitreya|Maitreya Budda]]
+}}
+{{S-break}}
+{{S-reg}}
+{{S-bef
+| before = [[Krishna]]
+}}
+{{S-ttl
+| title = [[Dashavatara]]<br />{{small|[[Kali Yuga]]}}
+}}
+{{S-aft
+| after = [[Kalki]]
+}}
+{{S-end}}
+{{OʻzME}}
+{{chala}}
+{{Tashqi havolalar}}
+[[Turkum:Buddizm]]
+[[Turkum:Buddalar]]

Gautama Budda Shakyamuni
Siddharta Gautama
Buddaning birinchi vaʼzini aytayotgan haykali — Sarnath, milodiy V asr^{[izoh 1]}
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlar
Tavalludi	Sidharta Gautama tax. 563 yoki 480 milodiy
Vafoti	tax. 483 yoki 400 milodiy (80 yoshda)^[1]^[2]^[3] Kushinagar, Malla Respublikasi (buddaviy anʼanalarga ko‘ra)
Dini	Buddizm
Turmush oʻrtoq(lar)i	Yaśodharā
Farzandlari	Rāhula
Ota-onasi	Śuddhodana (otasi) Maha Maya (onasi)