Jaz asri sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Tarixiy davr bilgiqutisi
| nomi      = Jaz davri
| joylashuv  = [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari]] va [[Yevropa]]
| boshlanishi     = 1920-yillar
| tugashi       = 1930-yillar
| tasvir     = {{Multiple image 
 | image1 = CarterAndKingJazzingOrchestra.jpg
 | image2 = JohnHeld Tales of the Jazz Age 1922.jpg
 | image3 = Bessie Smith (1936) by Carl Van Vechten.jpg
 | image4 = Fate Marable's New Orleans Band on the S. S. Sidney.jpg
 | image5 = Frank Farnum coaching Pauline Starke.jpg
 | border = infobox
 | perrow = 1/2/2
 | total_width = 310
 | footer_align = center
 | footer = {{resize|100%|'''Yuqaridan pastga, soat yoʻnalishi boʻyicha''': {{flatlist|
* King & Carter Jazzing Orchestra (1921)
* [[Bessie Smith]] (1936)
* [[Charleston (raqsi)|Charleston]] raqsi (1925)
* [[Fate Marable]]ning Nyu-Orlean orkestri (taxm. {{circa|1918}})
* ''[[Tales of the Jazz Age]]'' (1922)
}}}}
}}
| alt       = Jaz davriga oid mashhur fotosuratlar kollaji
| izoh   = Jaz davrining musiqiy va madaniy hayotini aks ettiruvchi tarixiy suratlar
| oldin    = [[Birinchi jahon urushi]] davri
| qamrov = madaniy va ijtimoiy tarix
| keyin     = [[Buyuk depressiya]] davri
| monarx   = 
| yetakchilar   = 
| prezidentlar = 
| boshvazirlar = 
| asosiy_voqealar =
}}
'''Jaz asri''' – bu [[1920-yil]]lardan [[1930-yil]]larning boshlarigacha boʻlgan davr boʻlib, unda [[jaz]] musiqasi va raqs uslublari butun dunyo boʻylab mashhurlikka erishgan. Uning madaniy taʼsiri, avvalo, jazning vatani Qoʻshma Shtatlarda kuchli sezilgan. Asosan [[Afroamerikaliklar|afro-amerikaliklar]] madaniyatidan kelib chiqqan va [[Yangi Orlean]]da paydo boʻlgan jaz, ushbu davrda keng koʻlamli madaniy oʻzgarishlarda muhim rol oʻynadi hamda uning [[ommaviy madaniyat]]ga taʼsiri uzoq vaqt davom etdi.

Jaz asri ko‘pincha Shiddatli yigirmanchi yillar bilan birga tilga olinadi va [[Quruq qonun davri]] bilan sezilarli darajada madaniyatlararo o‘xshashlikka ega. Bu davrning rivojlanishiga mamlakat bo‘ylab [[radio]]tarmoqlarning keng joriy etilishi katta ta’sir ko‘rsatdi. Jaz asri, ayni paytda, rivojlanayotgan [[yoshlar madaniyati]]ning shakllanishi bilan chambarchas bog‘liq edi. Shu harakat tufayli jaz madaniyati Yevropaga ham kirib bordi. Jaz asri Sving davri boshlanishidan oldin yakun topgan.

== Tarixiy sharoiti ==
„Jaz asri“ atamasi [[1920-yil]]gacha xalq orasida allaqachon ishlatila boshlangan edi{{sfn|Oxford English Dictionary|2021}}{{sfnm|Houghton Line|1919|1pp=6, 9|Literary Digest|1919|2p=31}}. 1922-yilda amerikalik yozuvchi [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]] ushbu atamani yanada mashhur qildi. U „Jaz asri ertaklari“ ([[:en:Tales of the Jazz Age|Tales of the Jazz Age]]) nomli hikoyalar toʻplamini nashr ettirdi{{sfnm|Berg|1978|1p=217|Henderson|2013}}.

== Jaz musiqasi ==
{{Main|Jaz}}
[[Jaz]] – 19-asr oxiri va 20-asr boshlarida [[AQSh]]ning [[Luiziana]] shtatidagi [[Yangi Orlean]] shahrining qora tanli amerikalik jamoalarida paydo bo‘lgan va [[blyuz]] hamda [[regtaym]] ildizlaridan rivojlangan musiqa janridir{{sfn|Roth|1952|pp=305, 312}}{{sfn|National Park Service|2015}}{{sfn|Roth|1952|p=306}}{{sfn|Germuska|1995}}. Yangi Orlean ko‘plab madaniyat va e’tiqodlar tutashgan port shahri bo‘lgani sababli, jaz rivojlanishi uchun zarur madaniy muhitni yaratdi{{sfn|Ward|Burns|2001|pp=2–3}}. Yangi Orleanda turli madaniyat va irqlarga mansub odamlar ko‘pincha yonma-yon yashagani sababli, madaniy almashinuv kuchli bo‘lgan<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Orleans |title=Jazz Origins in New Orleans - New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/jazz/learn/historyculture/history_early.htm |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref>. Bu esa shaharda faol musiqiy muhitni rivojlantirishga yordam berdi. Yangi Orleanda jazning rivojlanishiga [[kreol musiqasi]], [[regtaym]] va [[blyuz]] ta’sir ko‘rsatdi{{sfn|Biocca|1990|p=1}}.

Ko‘pchilik uchun jaz “Amerikaning klassik musiqasi” hisoblanadi{{sfn|Sales|1984|p=3}}. 1920-yillarning boshlarida [[Yangi Orlean]], [[Chikago]] va [[Nyu-York]]da paydo bo‘lgan dastlabki jaz uslublari ba’zan “[[Diksilend|diksilend jaz]]” deb ataladi. 1920-yillarda jaz musiqiy ifodaning asosiy shakli sifatida tan olindi{{sfn|Hennessey|1973|pp=470–473}}. U mustaqil, lekin o‘zaro bog‘liq bo‘lgan an’anaviy va ommabop uslublarda rivojlandi. Ularning barchasi afro-amerikalik va yevropa-amerikalik musiqiy an’analarining uyg‘unlashuvidan kelib chiqqan edi. Jaz Afrika an’analaridan o‘zining ritmini, “blyuz”ni va o‘ziga xos ifodali tarzda chalish yoki kuylash an’analarini oldi. Yevropa an’analaridan esa garmoniyasi va cholg‘u asboblarini o‘zlashtirdi{{sfnm|1a1=Ward|1a2=Burns|1y=2001|1p=10|2a1=Schuller|2y=1968|2p=3}}<ref>{{harvnb|Roth|1952|p=312}}: "It is here that we find one of the white, or European, influences upon American Negro music; it is the central one, I think, and the one which has the most to do with the birth of jazz. We may call it⁠—as I have called it heretofore⁠—the instrumentalizing of the human voice."</ref>.

[[Armstrong Lui Daniel]] improvizatsion yakkaxonlikni asarning markaziga olib chiqib, Yangi Orlean jazining asl polifonik ansambl uslubini o‘zgartirdi{{sfn|Biocca|1990|p=1}}<ref name="auto"/>. Jaz odatda sving va blyuz notalari, chaqiriq va javob vokallari, poliritmlar va [[improvizatsiya]] bilan ajralib turadi.
== Tanqidlar ==
Bu davrda jaz axloqsizlik ramzi sifatida tanila boshladi va keksa avlodning ko‘pchiligi uni eski madaniy qadriyatlarga tahdid soluvchi hamda 20-yillarning yangi buzuq qadriyatlarini targ‘ib qiluvchi hodisa deb hisoblardi. [[Prinston universiteti]] professori Henry van Dyke shunday yozgan edi: “Bu umuman musiqa emas. Bu shunchaki eshitish asablarini qitiqlovchi, jismoniy ehtiros torlarini erkalovchi bir ta’sir xolos”. O‘sha yillardagi ommaviy axborot vositalari ham jazni salbiy tarzda yoritdi{{sfn|Ward|Burns|2001|p=78}}. Masalan, [[The New York Times]] 1920-yillarda jazni G‘arb sivilizatsiyasi tanazzulining, italiyalik tenorlar ijrosi sifatining pasayishining, hatto Vengriya bilan savdo muvozanati yomonlashuvi, bir klassik musiqachining yurak xurujidan o‘limi hamda [[Sibir]] ayig‘ining qo‘rqib ketishi kabi turli oqibatlar uchun ayblagan edi{{sfn|Suhor|2001|p=18}}.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}
== Mavzuga oid adabiyotlar ==
* {{Cite magazine |date=August 23, 1919 |title=A German Interpreter of Jazz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dn1AAQAAMAAJ&q=%22jazz%20age%22 |magazine=[[The Literary Digest]] |location=New York |publisher=[[Funk & Wagnalls]] |volume=62 |quote="Some might, indeed, suppose that this muse had her jazz age behind her." |ref={{harvid|Literary Digest|1919}} |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Barlow |first=William |date=January 1, 1995 |title=Black Music on Radio During the Jazz Age |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-american-review_summer-1995_29_2/page/325 |journal=[[African American Review]] |location=St. Louis, Missouri |publisher=[[Modern Language Association]] |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=325–328 |doi=10.2307/3042311 |jstor=3042311}}
* {{Cite book |last=Berg |first=A. Scott |url=https://archive.org/details/maxperkinsedito000berg |title=Max Perkins: Editor of Genius |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=1978 |isbn=0-671-82719-7 |location=New York |author-link=A. Scott Berg |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Berger |first=Morroe |date=October 1947 |title=Jazz: Resistance to the Diffusion of a Culture-Pattern |journal=[[The Journal of Negro History]] |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[Association for the Study of African American Life and History]] |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=461–494 |doi=10.2307/2714928 |jstor=2714928 |s2cid=149563657}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Biocca |first=Frank |year=1990 |title=Media and Perceptual Shifts: Early Radio and the Clash of Musical Cultures |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-popular-culture_fall-1990_24_2/page/n3 |journal=[[The Journal of Popular Culture]] |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.1111/j.0022-3840.1990.2402_1.x}}
* {{Cite book |last=Blake |first=Jody |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=juY_sR7kudgC&pg=PA89 |title=Le Tumulte Noir: Modernist Art and Popular Entertainment in Jazz-Age Paris, 1900-1930 |publisher=[[Pennsylvania State University Press]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-271-01753-2 |location=University Park, Pennsylvania |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Borzillo |first=Carrie |author-link=Carrie Borzillo |date=June 29, 1996 |title=Women in Jazz: Music on Their Terms |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |volume=108 |issue=26}}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Chevan |first=David |year=2002 |title=Musical Literacy and Jazz Musicians in the 1910s and 1920s |url=http://www.volusiagig.com/music/ChevanLiteracy.pdf |url-status=live |magazine=Current Musicology |location=New York |publisher=[[Columbia University Libraries]] |doi=10.7916/cm.v0i71-73.4825 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225032212/http://www.volusiagig.com/music/ChevanLiteracy.pdf |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |access-date=November 21, 2021 |number=71–73}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cooke |first=Mervyn |url=https://archive.org/details/jazz00cook |title=Jazz |publisher=[[Thames and Hudson]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-500-20318-7 |location=London |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite book |last=Crow |first=Bill |url=https://archive.org/details/jazzanecdotes0000crow |title=Jazz Anecdotes |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1990 |isbn=0-19-505588-8 |location=New York |author-link=Bill Crow |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite book |last=De Roche |first=Linda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cOGOCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR18 |title=The Jazz Age: A Historical Exploration of Literature |publisher=[[ABC-Clio]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-61069-668-5 |location=Santa Barbara, California |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Dunkel |first=Mario |year=2015 |title=W.C. Handy, Abbe Niles, and (Auto)biographical Positioning in the Whiteman Era |journal=Popular Music and Society |location=United Kingdom |publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]] |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=122–139 |doi=10.1080/03007766.2014.994320 |s2cid=191480580|doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite book |last=Fass |first=Paula S. |url=https://archive.org/details/damnedbeautifula0000fass_c0h2 |title=The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1977 |isbn=978-0-19-502148-6 |location=New York |lccn=76-42644 |author-link=Paula S. Fass |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite book |last=Fitzgerald |first=F. Scott |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_BObJAl0lIC |title=Conversations with F. Scott Fitzgerald |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-57806-605-6 |location=Jackson, Mississippi |author-link=F. Scott Fitzgerald |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite web |last=Germuska |first=Joe |date=October 17, 1995 |title=The Map |url=http://www.acns.nwu.edu/jazz/styles/style-map.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19971210223539/http://www.acns.nwu.edu/jazz/styles/style-map.html |archive-date=December 10, 1997 |publisher=[[Northwestern University]] |location=Evanston, Illinois}} Derived from {{Cite book |last=Berendt |first=Joachim-Ernst |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ViwYAQAAIAAJ |title=The Jazz Book: From Ragtime to Fusion and Beyond |publisher=[[Chicago Review Press|Lawrence Hill Books]] |year=1992 |isbn=9781556520990 |location=Chicago, Illinois |ref=none |author-link=Joachim-Ernst Berendt |access-date=November 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718001248/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Jazz_Book/ViwYAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |url-status=live |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite book |last=Godbolt |first=Jim |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofjazzinb0000godb |title=A History of Jazz in Britain 1919–1950 |publisher=[[Northway Publications]] |year=2005 |isbn=0-9537040-5-X |location=London |author-link=Jim Godbolt |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive |orig-year=1984}}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Henderson |first=Amy |date=May 10, 2013 |title=What the Great Gatsby Got Right About the Jazz Age |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/what-the-great-gatsby-got-right-about-the-jazz-age-57645443/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian Magazine]] |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206101815/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/what-the-great-gatsby-got-right-about-the-jazz-age-57645443/ |archive-date=February 6, 2020 |access-date=November 21, 2021}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hennessey |first=Thomas |url=https://archive.org/details/fromjazztoswingb00henn |title=From Jazz to Swing: Black Jazz Musicians and Their Music, 1917–1935 |publisher=[[Northwestern University]] |year=1973 |location=Ann Arbor, Michigan |type=Ph.D. dissertation |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hill |first=Jeff |url=https://archive.org/details/prohibition0000hill |title=Defining Moments: Prohibition |publisher=[[Omnigraphics]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7808-0768-6 |location=Detroit, Michigan |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=Jeffrey |year=2002 |title=Making Jazz French: The Reception of Jazz Music in Paris, 1927–1934 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_french-historical-studies_winter-2002_25_1/page/148 |journal=[[French Historical Studies]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=149–170 |doi=10.1215/00161071-25-1-149 |s2cid=161520728}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=jazz age, n. |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England |url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/100938?redirectedFrom=jazz+age#eid40333412 |access-date=November 20, 2021 |date=September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120025417/https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/100938?redirectedFrom=jazz+age#eid40333412 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |ref={{harvid|Oxford English Dictionary|2021}} |author=<!--Not stated--> |encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |year=2015 |title=Jazz Origins in New Orleans |url=https://www.nps.gov/jazz/learn/historyculture/history_early.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605230346/https://www.nps.gov/jazz/learn/historyculture/history_early.htm |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |access-date=November 21, 2021 |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |location=New Orleans, Louisiana |ref={{harvid|National Park Service|2015}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Okrent |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJbBqn3XWqAC |title=Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition |date=April 30, 2010 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner]] |isbn=978-0-7432-7702-0 |location=New York |lccn=2009051127 |author-link=Daniel Okrent |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite book |last=Orchowski |first=Margaret Sands |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K0hKCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 |title=The Law that Changed the Face of America: The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4422-5137-3 |location=Lanham, Maryland |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite journal |last=McCann |first=Paul |year=2008 |title=Performing Primitivism: Disarming the Social Threat of Jazz in Narrative Fiction of the Early Sixties |journal=[[The Journal of Popular Culture]] |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |volume=41 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/J.1540-5931.2008.00541.X}}
* {{Cite book |last=McKay |first=George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ocHLuESAToC&pg=PT121 |title=Circular Breathing: The Cultural Politics of Jazz in Britain |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8223-8728-2 |location=Durham, North Carolina |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite book |last=Peretti |first=Burton W. |url=https://archive.org/details/creationofjazzmu0000pere |title=The Creation of Jazz: Music, Race, and Culture in Urban America |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |year=1992 |isbn=0-252-01708-0 |location=Urbana and Chicago |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite news |last=Rodgers |first=Andrew |date=August 27, 1997 |title=The Genna Brothers |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-08-26-9801160503-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=December 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213043711/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-08-26-9801160503-story.html |archive-date=December 13, 2019}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Roth |first=Russell |date=1952 |title=On the Instrumental Origins of Jazz |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-quarterly_winter-1952_4_4/page/304 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=305–316 |doi=10.2307/3031415 |issn=0003-0678 |jstor=3031415}}
* {{Cite book |last=Russell |first=Thaddeus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CrdAkQQ9P4C |title=A Renegade History of the United States |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4165-7109-4 |location=New York |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sales |first=Grover |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IPuAAAAMAAJ |title=Jazz: America's Classical Music |publisher=[[The University of Michigan Press]] |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-13-509126-5 |location=Ann Arbor, Michigan |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite book |last=Santelli |first=Robert |url=https://archive.org/details/bigbookofbluesbi00sant |title=The Big Book of Blues: A Biographical Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2001 |isbn=0-14-100145-3 |location=New York |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Savran |first=David |author-link=David Savran |year=2006 |title=The Search for America's Soul: Theatre in the Jazz Age |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_theatre-journal_2006-10_58_3/page/458 |journal=[[Theatre Journal]] |location=[[Baltimore, Maryland]] |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=459–476 |doi=10.1353/tj.2006.0171 |jstor=25069871 |s2cid=192117168}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schuller |first=Gunther |url=https://archive.org/details/earlyjazzitsroot00schu |title=Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1968 |location=New York |lccn=68-17610 |author-link=Gunther Schuller |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite news |last=Shearer |first=Carly |date=April 24, 2018 |title=The Threat of Jazz: John Bulloch Souter's 'The Breakdown' |publisher=[[Lyon & Turnbull]] |location=Edinburgh, Scotland |url=https://www.lyonandturnbull.com/news/article/the-threat-of-jazz/ |url-status=live |access-date=November 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122194012/https://www.lyonandturnbull.com/news/article/the-threat-of-jazz/ |archive-date=November 22, 2021}}
*{{cite book |first=Charles |last=Suhor |title=Jazz in New Orleans: The Postwar Years Through 1970 |series=Studies in Jazz |volume=38 |location=Lanham, Maryland / London |publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-8108-3907-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0TvKkkgkVgC&pg=PA18 |page=18 }}
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tpA7AQAAMAAJ |title=The Houghton Line |publisher=E. F. Houghton & Co |year=1919 |volume=24-25 |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |quote="I am not convinced, however, that the 'jazz age' is the cause of the church losing its influence." |ref={{harvid|Houghton Line|1919}} |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Geoffrey C. |url=https://archive.org/details/jazzhistoryofame0000ward |title=Jazz: A History of America's Music |last2=Burns |first2=Ken |publisher=[[Pimlico]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-679-76539-4 |edition=1st |location=New York |author-link=Geoffrey C. Ward |author-link2=Ken Burns |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=Larry F. |date=December 2004 |title=Bessie |journal=[[Notes (journal)|Notes]] |location=Middleton, Wisconsin |publisher=[[Music Library Association]] |volume=61 |issue=2 |doi=10.1353/not.2004.0171 |jstor=4487383 |s2cid=201766523}}
* {{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Nancy |author-link=Nancy Wilson (jazz singer) |date=December 19, 2007 |title=Fletcher Henderson: 'Architect of Swing' |work=NPR's Jazz Profiles |publisher=[[NPR|National Public Radio (NPR)]] |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://www.npr.org/2007/12/19/17370123/fletcher-henderson-architect-of-swing |url-status=live |access-date=November 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421232839/https://www.npr.org/2007/12/19/17370123/fletcher-henderson-architect-of-swing |archive-date=April 21, 2018}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PMaszIALuVYC |title=Cross the Water Blues: African American Music in Europe |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-60473-546-8 |editor-last=Wynn |editor-first=Neil A. |edition=1st |location=Jackson, Mississippi |access-date=November 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718001250/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cross_the_Water_Blues/PMaszIALuVYC |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |url-status=live |via=Google Books}}
{{refend}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
* {{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Frederick Lewis |url=https://archive.org/details/onlyyesterdayinf00alle |title=Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the Nineteen-Twenties |publisher=[[Harper & Brothers]] |year=1931 |edition=1st |location=New York and London |ref=none |author-link=Frederick Lewis Allen |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Frederick Lewis |url=https://archive.org/details/sinceyesterdayth001025mbp |title=Since Yesterday: The 1930s in America |publisher=[[Harper and Row]] |year=1939 |location=New York |ref=none |author-link=Frederick Lewis Allen |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Dinerstein |first=Joel |year=2003 |title=Music, Memory, and Cultural Identity in the Jazz Age |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-quarterly_2003-06_55_2/page/302 |journal=[[American Quarterly]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=303–313 |doi=10.1353/aq.2003.0012 |jstor=30041974 |ref=none |s2cid=145194943}}
* {{Cite book |last=Doerksen |first=Clifford J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qiAoQ1Z1iv0C |title=American Babel: Rogue Radio Broadcasters of the Jazz Age |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8122-0176-5 |location=Philadelphia |ref=none |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite book |last=Dumenil |first=Lynn |url=https://archive.org/details/moderntemperamer0000dume |title=The Modern Temper: American Culture and Society in the 1920s |publisher=[[Hill and Wang]] |year=1995 |isbn=0-8090-1566-8 |location=New York |ref=none |author-link=Lynn Dumenil |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite book |last=Fitzgerald |first=F. Scott |url=https://archive.org/details/cerackup0000fsco/ |chapter=Echoes of the Jazz Age |title=The Crack-up |publisher=[[New Directions Publishing|New Directions]] |year=1945 |isbn=0-8112-0051-5 |editor-last=Wilson |editor-first=Edmund |editor-link=Edmund Wilson |location=New York |pages=13–22 |ref=none |author-link=F. Scott Fitzgerald |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}} See [[The Crack-Up]].
* {{Cite book |last=Kyvig |first=David E. |url=https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinunite00kyvi |title=Daily Life in the United States, 1920–1939: Decades of Promise and Pain |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=2002 |isbn=0-313-29555-7 |location=Westport, Connecticut |lccn=2001023857 |ref=none |author-link=David E. Kyvig |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite book |last=Leuchtenburg |first=William |url=https://archive.org/details/perilsofprosperi00leuc |title=The Perils of Prosperity, 1914–1932 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1958 |isbn=0-226-47368-6 |location=Chicago and London |lccn=58-5680 |ref=none |author-link=William Leuchtenburg |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Lynd |first1=Robert S. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.156473 |title=Middletown: A Study in Modern American Culture |last2=Lynd |first2=Helen Merrell |publisher=[[Harcourt, Brace and Company]] |year=1929 |location=New York |ref=none |author-link=Robert Staughton Lynd |author-link2=Helen Merrell Lynd |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mowry |first=George E. |url=https://archive.org/details/twentiesfordsfla00mowr |title=The Twenties: Fords, Flappers, & Fanatics |publisher=[[Prentice-Hall]] |year=1963 |location=Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey |lccn=63-19425 |ref=none |author-link=George E. Mowry |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite book |last=Parrish |first=Michael E. |url=https://archive.org/details/anxiousdecadesam0000parr_n1p1 |title=Anxious Decades: America in Prosperity and Depression, 1920–1941 |publisher=[[W.W. Norton]] |year=1992 |isbn=0-393-03394-5 |location=New York and London |ref=none |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Mark |url=https://archive.org/details/ourtimes190019250006sull_w0z1 |title=Our Times, 1900–1925: Volume IV – The Twenties |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |year=1936 |edition=1st |location=New York and London |ref=none |author-link=Mark Sullivan (journalist) |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
*{{Citation |last=Teal |first=Kimberly Hannon |title=Jazz Places: How Performance Spaces Shape Jazz History |date=2021-06-15 |work=Jazz Places |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1525/9780520972841/html |access-date=2024-04-25 |publisher=University of California Press |language=en |doi=10.1525/9780520972841 |isbn=978-0-520-97284-1|url-access=subscription }}
{{refend}}

== Havolalar == 
{{commons}}
* [http://www.1920s-fashion-and-music.com/jazz-age.html The Jazz Age In America]
* [http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1564.html Roaring Twenties] from U S History.com

[[Turkum:1920-yil neologizmlari]]
[[Turkum:Jaz madaniyati]]