Kayhan sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Italic title}}
{{Gazeta bilgiqutisi
| nomi                     = Kayhan
| shior                    =
| logo                     =
| tasvir                   = 
| izoh                     = 
| turi                     = Kundalik gazeta
| formati                  = Broadsheet
| asoschi                  = [[Abdulrahmon Faramarziy]] <br> Mustafo Mesbahzoda
| asos solingan            = {{start date and age|1942|5|27}}
| nashrning toʻxtatilishi  = 
| narxi                    = 
| tegishlilik              = Keyhan Institute
| prezident                =
| noshir                   = Husayn Shariatmadoriy
| bosh muharrir            = 
| siyosiyligi              = konservativ
| tili                     = [[fors tili]]
| adadi                    = 473890618
| bosh ofisi               = [[Firdavsiy koʻchasi]], [[Tehron]], Eron
| vebsayt                  = https://kayhan.ir/
}}
'''''Kayhan''''' ({{lang-fa|کيهان}}, maʼnosi: ''Kosmos'') – [[Eron]] poytaxti [[Tehron]]da chop etiladigan [[fors tili]]dagi gazeta. „Eng konservativ va qattiqqoʻl Eron gazetasi“ hisoblanadi<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.iranchamber.com/media/articles/kayhan_newspaper.php|title=Kayhan Newspaper|author=Shapour Ghasemi|year=2006|work=Iran Chamber Society|access-date=31 January 2010|arxivsana=2022-10-11|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011205522/https://www.iranchamber.com/media/articles/kayhan_newspaper.php}}</ref>. Husayn Shariatmadoriy ''Kayhan'' gazetasining bosh muharriri. ''[[The New York Times]]'' gazetasining 2007-yildagi xabariga koʻra, uning rasmiy lavozimi [[Eron Oliy Rahbari]]ning vakili hisoblanadi<ref name="interview">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/22/world/middleeast/22shariamadari.html?_r=2|title=Freed by Revolution, He Speaks for Iran's Hard-Liners|author=Michael Slackman|date=22 September 2007|work=The New York Times|access-date=31 January 2010}}</ref>.

''Kayhan'' gazetasining butun dunyo boʻylab 1000 ga yaqin xodimi bor.<ref name="interview"/>. Uning tiraji haqida qarama-qarshi maʼlumotlar mavjud: 2006 yilda [[BBC]] uni 60 000–100 000 nusxa deb koʻrsatgan<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5334828.stm|title=The press in Iran|publisher=BBC News|date=13 December 2006|access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref>, 2007-yilda ''The New York Times'' „taxminan 70 000“ degan, 2008-yilda esa Nyu-York universiteti huquq maktabi jurnalida 350 000 nusxa deb berilgan<ref>{{cite journal|title=Notable Middle Eastern|journal=The NYU Review of Law and Security|year=2008|issue=8–9|page=14|url=http://www.lawandsecurity.org/Portals/0/Documents/RLS8-91.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218053645/http://www.lawandsecurity.org/Portals/0/Documents/RLS8-91.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2014}}</ref>. ''Kayhan'' chet ellarga moʻljallangan maxsus nashrlarni ham chiqaradi, ularga ingliz tilidagi ''Kayhan International'' ham kiradi<ref name="history" />.

== Tarixi va profili ==
''Kayhan'' 1943-yil fevral oyida<ref>{{cite news|author=Arash Karami|title=Iran's Fourth Estate|url=http://www.aawsat.net/2014/03/article55330035|access-date=22 September 2014|work=Asharq Al Awsat|date=15 March 2014|archive-date=13 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413061429/http://www.aawsat.net/2014/03/article55330035|url-status=dead}}</ref> egasi [[Abdulrahmon Faramarziy]] va bosh muharrir sifatida Mustafo Mesbahzoda tomonidan tashkil etilgan. Keyinchalik Faramarziy va Mesbahzodaning rollari almashgan. Gazeta Shoh [[Muhammad Rizo Pahlaviy]] hukmronligi davrida shohni qoʻllab-quvvatlovchi nashr boʻlgan<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ahmad Faroughy|title=Repression in Iran|journal=Index on Censorship |date=1 December 1974|volume=3|issue=4|page=15|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/03064227408532367|doi=10.1080/03064227408532367|s2cid=143139528 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>. Eron va [[London]]da chop etilgan bu gazetaning [[Eron inqilobi|1979-yilgi Islom inqilobidan]] avval bir milliondan ortiq tiraji bor edi. 1974-yilda ''Kayhan'' media guruhi oʻzini „Yaqin Sharqdagi eng yirik gazeta va jurnal nashriyoti“ sifatida deb tanitgan. ''Kayhanning'' asosiy egasining rafiqasi Forugh Mesbahzoda Eronning yetakchi ayollar jurnali ''Zani Roʻzning'' menejeri sifatida paydo boʻldi<ref>{{Cite book|author=Liora Hendelman-Baavur|title=Creating the Modern Iranian Woman: Popular Culture between Two Revolutions|year=2019 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/creating-the-modern-iranian-woman/D7303A9D71B5DB36A5C188B50CAFD9B6|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/9781108627993|isbn=9781108627993 |s2cid=211433811 }}</ref>.

Imperiya kuchlari va inqilobchilar oʻrtasidagi toʻqnashuvlar vaqtida ''Kayhan'' va ''Ettelaat'' gazetalariga senzura qoʻllanilgan<ref>{{cite journal|author=Nicholas M. Nikazmerad|title=A Chronological Survey of the Iranian Revolution|journal=Iranian Studies|date=1980|volume=13|issue=1/4|page=336|jstor=4310346|doi=10.1080/00210868008701575}}</ref>. Shoh agʻdarilgandan soʻng Mesbahzodaning barcha aktivlari, jumladan nashriyot – gazetaning asosiy shtab-kvartirasi – musodara qilindi. Inqilobdan keyin ''Kayhan'' ''Ettelaat'' va ''Jumhuri-ye Islomiy'' bilan birga davlat homiyligidagi nashrga aylandi, ularning nashriyotchilari toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri Oliy rahbar tomonidan tayinlanadi<ref>{{cite journal|author=Mahmud Farjami|title=Political Satire as an Index of Press Freedom: A Review of Political Satire in the Iranian Press during the 2000s|journal=Iranian Studies |date=2014|volume=47|issue=2|page=233 |doi=10.1080/00210862.2013.860325|s2cid=145067513 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2013.860325|url-access=subscription}}</ref>.

1980-yil may oyida [[Ruhulloh Xumayniy|Oyatulloh Xumayniy]] Eron Tashqi ishlar vaziri Ibrohim Yazdiyni gazetaning rahbari etib tayinlagan<ref>{{cite news|title=Khomenei's hard-liners triumph|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19800512&id=B1ZOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Re4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6991,6282811|access-date=4 August 2013|newspaper=The Spokesman Review|date=May 1980|agency=AP}}</ref>. Mesbahzoda rahbarligida ''Kayhanning'' London boʻlimi faoliyatini davom ettirdi va ''Kayhan London'' nomli monarxist haftalik nashrni chop eta boshladi, uning tiraji kichikdir. 2006-yilda Mesbahzoda 98 yoshida [[Los-Anjeles]]da vafot etdi<ref name="history" />.

Gazeta siyosiy, madaniy, ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy yangiliklarga ixtisoslashgan<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Abdolrasoul Jowkar|author2=Fereshteh Didegah|title=Evaluating Iranian newspapers' web sites using correspondence analysis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-hi-tech_2010_28_1/page/118|journal=Library Hi Tech|date=2010|volume=28|issue=1|pages=119–130|doi=10.1108/07378831011026733}} (subscription required)</ref>.

== Inqilobdan oldingi oxirgi muharriri ==
''Kayhan'' gazetasining [[Eron inqilobi|inqilobdan]] oldingi oxirgi muharriri Amir Tohiriy edi. 1979-yilgi inqilob yaqinlashganda Rahmon Hatfiy boshchiligida yangi tahririyat kengashi shakllantirildi. 1961—1966-yillarda Hoʻshang Amiariy karikatura boʻlimi direktori boʻlib, kulgili rasmlar mavzularini nazorat qilgan. Husayn Rizoy esa 1965-yildan 1979-yilgacha gazetaning yangiliklar boʻlimi direktori boʻlgan<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBCPersian.com |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/story/2005/04/050427_aa_keyhan |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=www.bbc.com}}</ref>.

== Siyosiy yoʻnalishi ==
''Kayhan'' Eron hukumati va sobiq prezident [[Mahmud Ahmadinajod]] siyosatini qoʻllab-quvvatlaydi. Shariatmadoriy gazeta va uning xodimlari „Islom inqilobi mafkurasini himoya qilishini“ taʼkidlaydi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=100245745|title=Editor Upholds Ideology of Iran's Islamic Revolution|author=Steve Inskeep|date=5 February 2009|publisher=NPR|access-date=31 January 2010}}</ref>. ''Financial Timesning'' Eron boʻyicha sobiq muxbiri Garet Smitning aytishicha, ''Kayhan'' „rejimning fundamentalist qanoti“ siyosiy qarashlarini ifodalaydi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcf.org/publications/internationalaffairs/smyth_iran.pdf|title=Fundamentalists, Pragmatists, and the Rights of the Nation: Iranian Politics and Nuclear Confrontation|author=Gareth Smyth|year=2006|work=The Century Foundation|page=7|access-date=31 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081128031042/http://www.tcf.org/publications/internationalaffairs/smyth_iran.pdf |archive-date=28 November 2008}}</ref>.

Shariatmadoriy „konservativ“ yoki „fundamentalist“ yorliqlarini rad etadi, chunki bular „…bizni [[Tolibon]] kabi koʻrsatadi“, deydi u. Buning oʻrniga u oʻzini va oʻxshash qarashdagilarni „prinsipchilar“ deb ataydi. Prinsipchi guruh Eron parlamentining koʻp qismini tashkil qiladi<ref name="interview"/>. Ushbu guruh „neo-prinsipchilar“ deb ham ataladi va uning ichiga Gʻulomali Haddod Odil, [[Said Jalili]] kabi shaxslar kiradi<ref name=farzan13>{{cite web|author=Farzan Sabet|title=The Islamic Republic's political elite and Syria|url=http://iranmediaresearch.org/en/system/files/islamicrepublics_politicaleliteandsyria.pdf?download=1|publisher=IranPolitik: The Iran Political Analysis Project|access-date=30 July 2013|format=Special Report|date=June 2013|archive-date=11 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130711044804/http://iranmediaresearch.org/en/system/files/islamicrepublics_politicaleliteandsyria.pdf?download=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Aslida, ''Kayhan'' ushbu guruhning bosma axborot vositasi hisoblanadi<ref name=farzan13/>.

== Mojarolar ==
2010-yilda gazeta Fransiyaning sobiq birinchi xonimi Carla Brunining zinoda ayblanib oʻlimga hukm qilingan Sakina Muhammadiy Oshtiyonini himoya qilgan ochiq maktubi tufayli keskin qoralangan. Gazeta Brunini „italiyalik fohisha“ va „Sarkozi oilasini buzgan qoʻshiqchi va buzuq aktrisa“ deb atab, uning „buzuq turmushi“ uchun „oʻlimga loyiq“ ekanini yozgan. Shuningdek, aktrisa [[Isabelle Adjani]] ham fohishalikda ayblangan. Fransiya Tashqi ishlar vazirligi bu bayonotlarni „qabul qilib boʻlmaydigan“ deb qoraladi va Eron elchisini chaqirtirdi. Eron Rashqi ishlar vazirligi ''Kayhanning'' bayonotlaridan oʻzini uzoqlashtirib, matbuot kotibi Ramin Mehmonparast: „OAV boshqa mamlakatlarning notoʻgʻri va dushmanona siyosatini haqoratli soʻzlarsiz tanqid qilishi mumkin. Bunday iboralar toʻgʻri emas“, deb bayonot berdi<ref>{{cite news |author=Thomas Erdbrink |date=31 August 2010 |title=Iranian newspaper reiterates derogatory remarks about French first lady |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/31/AR2010083103131.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Robert Mackey |date=31 August 2010 |title=Iranian Newspaper Says Carla Bruni-Sarkozy 'Deserves to Die' for Objecting to Stoning |url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/31/iranian-newspaper-says-carla-bruni-sarkozy-deserves-to-die-for-objecting-to-stoning/ |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>.

2020-yilda Chegarasiz shifokorlar (MSF) tashkiloti Erondan chiqarilgandan soʻng, ''Kayhan'' bosh muharriri Husayn Shariatmadoriy MSFni „Amerikak qoʻgʻirchogʻi“ deb atadi<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2020 |title=Iran Rejects Offer Of Help By Doctors Without Borders To Fight Coronavirus |url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-expels-medical-team-sent-by-doctors-without-borders-to-fight-coronavirus/30505858.html |access-date= |website=[[Radio Farda]]}}</ref>, chunki u „Fransiyada joylashgan va barcha anti-eron guruhlari Fransiyada asosga ega“<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.salemalketbi.com/en/international-affairs/1133-coronavirus-and-conspiracy-the-mullahs-as-a-model|title=Coronavirus and conspiracy: the mullahs as a model|author=Salem Al Ketbi|author-link=Salem Al Ketbi|website=www.salemalketbi.com|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-date=15 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315161505/https://www.salemalketbi.com/en/international-affairs/1133-coronavirus-and-conspiracy-the-mullahs-as-a-model|url-status=dead}}</ref>. 2022-yil 28-aprel kuni – Yom HaShoah kuni – ''Kayhan'' birinchi sahifada [[Adolf Hitler]]ni maqtagan va antisemitik qarashlarni ilgari surgan maqola chop etdi<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siegal |first=Tobias |date=28 April 2022 |title=On Holocaust Remembrance Day, Iran paper publishes antisemitic piece praising Hitler |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/on-holocaust-remembrance-day-iran-paper-publishes-antisemitic-piece-praising-hitler/ |access-date= |website=[[Times of Israel]] |language=en-US}}</ref>.

2022-yil 12-avgust kuni hind-amerikalik muallif [[Salmon Rushdiy]]ga hujum qilingach, ''Kayhan'' „ming marta ofarin… Nyu-Yorkda murtad va yovuz Salmon Rushdiyga hujum qilgan jasur va vijdonli odamga… Xudoning dushmanining boʻynini tilgan odamning qoʻli oʻpilmogʻi kerak“ deb yozdi<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-13 |title=Iran's hardline newspapers praise Salman Rushdie's attacker |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/irans-hardline-newspapers-praise-salman-rushdies-attacker-2022-08-13/ |access-date=2022-08-13}}</ref>.

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* [https://kayhan.ir/ Rasmiy veb-sayti] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251013090735/https://kayhan.ir/ |date=2025-10-13 }}

{{Authority control}}

[[Turkum:Eron gazetalari]]
[[Turkum:Fors tilidagi gazetalar]]