Nyut Gingrich sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Nyuton Leroy Gingrich''' ('''McPherson''' 1943-yil 17-iyunda tugʻilgan) - [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari|amerika]]lik [[siyosatchi]] va [[yozuvchi]]. 1995-yildan 1995-yilgacha Qoʻshma Shtatlar Vakillar palatasining 50-spikeri boʻlib ishlagan. [[Respublikachilar partiyasi|Respublikachilar partiyasining a'zosi]]. 1979-yildan 1999-yilda iste'foga chiqqunga qadar Shimoliy Atlanta hamda unga yaqin hududlarga xizmat koʻrsatgan. Jorjiya 6-kongress okrugida [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari|AQSh]] vakili boʻlgan. [[AQSh prezidentlik saylovi (2012)|2012]]-yilda Gingrich Respublikachilar partiyasidan AQSh prezidentligiga nomzod boʻlish uchun muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchradi.

1970-yillarda Gʻarbiy Jorjiya universitetida tarix va geografiya professori boʻlgan. Gingrich 1978-yil noyabr oyida AQSh Kongressi Vakillar palatasiga saylovda gʻalaba qozondi. Gruziyaning 6-kongress okrugi tarixidagi birinchi respublikachi boʻldi. 1989-yildan 1995-yilgacha uydagi ozchilik qamchi sifatida ishlagan<ref>{{Kitob manbasi|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordguidetouni00john|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordguidetouni00john/page/264 264]|title=The Oxford Guide to the United States Government|last=Patrick|first=John J.|date=July 4, 2001|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=9780195142730}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000225|sarlavha=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress: Gingrich, Newton Leroy|nashriyot=bioguide.congress.gov/|qaralgan sana=April 20, 2017|arxivsana=June 28, 2011|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628222423/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000225}}</ref>. "Amerika bilan shartnoma"ning hammuallifi va arxitektori Gingrich 1994-yilgi Kongress saylovlarida Respublikachilar gʻalabasining asosiy yetakchisi boʻlgan. 1995-yilda [[Time (jurnal)|"''Time"'']] uni "[[Time Yil kishisi|Yil odami]]" deb e'tirof etdi. "Palatadagi toʻrt oʻn yillik [[Demokratlar partiyasi|demokratik]] koʻpchilikka barham berishdagi roli" uchun<ref name="npr20111208">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=December 8, 2011 |title=Gingrich's Path From 'Flameout' To D.C. Entrepreneur |publisher=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/12/08/143281791/gingrichs-path-from-flameout-to-d-c-entrepreneur |access-date=February 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817154700/http://www.npr.org/2011/12/08/143281791/gingrichs-path-from-flameout-to-d-c-entrepreneur |archive-date=August 17, 2016}}</ref>.

== Yoshligi ==
 
[[Fayl:Newt_Gingrich_as_a_young_professor_in_history.jpg|left|thumb|295x295px| Gingrich yosh tarix professori sifatida]]
Gingrich 1943-yil 17-iyunda [[Harrisburg (Pennsylvania)|Pensilvaniya shtatining Xarrisburg]] shahridagi Harrisburg kasalxonasida Nyuton Leroy Makferson sifatida tugʻilgan. Uning onasi Ketlin "Kit" (niki Daugherty; 1925–2003) va biologik otasi Nyuton Searles McFerson (1923–1970)<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://2012.republican-candidates.org/Gingrich/Parents-Grandparents.php|sarlavha=Newt Gingrich Parents and Grandparents|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624161157/http://2012.republican-candidates.org/Gingrich/Parents-Grandparents.php|arxivsana=June 24, 2016|ish=1989.Republican-Candidates.org|qaralgan sana=March 12, 2012}}</ref>. 1942-yil sentabrda, u 16 va Makferson 19 yoshida turmushga chiqdi. Nikoh bir necha kun ichida buzildi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Rourke |first=Mary |date=September 25, 2003 |title=Kathleen Gingrich, 77; Mother of House Speaker Made News |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2003/sep/25/local/me-gingrich25 |url-status=live |access-date=May 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309202930/http://articles.latimes.com/2003/sep/25/local/me-gingrich25 |archive-date=March 9, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newt/newtchron.html|sana=January 16, 1996|sarlavha=The Long March of Newt Gingrich|nashriyot=PBS|ish=[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]|qaralgan sana=March 14, 2007|arxivsana=March 12, 2007|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312001802/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newt/newtchron.html}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000225|yil=2007|sarlavha=Biography of Newton Gingrich|ish=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]|qaralgan sana=January 18, 2007|arxivsana=June 28, 2011|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628222423/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000225}}</ref>. U ingliz, nemis, shotland va shotland-irland millatiga mansub<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=November 24, 1997 |title=Immigration Divides Republican Opinion |work=Contra Costa Times |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CC&s_site=contracostatimes&p_multi=CC&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1063FE5399CE953B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314154704/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CC&s_site=contracostatimes&p_multi=CC&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1063FE5399CE953B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |archive-date=March 14, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Boeri |first=David |date=March 18, 2011 |title=Newt Gingrich Arrives In N.H., In Search Of Elephants |publisher=[[WBUR-FM]] |url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2011/03/18/gingrich-nh |url-status=live |access-date=June 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630094547/https://www.wbur.org/news/2011/03/18/gingrich-nh |archive-date=June 30, 2020}}</ref>.

1946-yilda onasi Robert Gingrichga (1925–1996) turmushga chiqdi. Robert Gingrich Koreya va Vetnamda gastrollarda xizmat qilgan mansab armiyasi zobiti edi. 1956-yilda oila Evropaga koʻchib oʻtdi va bir muddat Fransiyaning [[Orléans|Orlean]] shahrida va Germaniyaning [[Stuttgart|Shtutgart]] shaharlarida yashadi<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newt/newtchron.html|sarlavha=A Newt Chronology|nashriyot=PBS.org|qaralgan sana=May 27, 2012|arxivsana=June 7, 2012|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607030130/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/newt/newtchron.html}}</ref>.

== Palata spikeri ==
[[Fayl:SpeakerGingrich.jpg|thumb| Spiker Gingrichning rasmiy portreti]]
Palata Gingrichning shartnomaning barcha oʻnta masalalarini sessiyaning dastlabki 100 kunida ovozga qoʻyish haqidagi va'dasini bajardi. Prezident Klinton buni "Amerika shartnomasi" deb atadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.asne.org/kiosk/archive/convention/2000/clinton.htm|sarlavha=ASNE—Luncheon address by President Bill Clinton|nashriyot=Asne.org|sana=April 13, 2000|qaralgan sana=May 12, 2011|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725022028/http://www.asne.org/kiosk/archive/convention/2000/clinton.htm|arxivsana=July 25, 2011}}</ref>.

Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlarining 104-Kongressi tomonidan taklif qilingan. Qonunchilik Kongress vakillari uchun muddatlarni cheklash, soliqlarni kamaytirish, farovonlikni isloh qilish va muvozanatli byudjetga tuzatishlar kiritish, shuningdek, Vakillar palatasining moliyasini mustaqil [[Audit|tekshirish]] va muhim boʻlmagan xizmatlarni bekor qilishni oʻz ichiga oladi..Gingrichning Vakillar palatasi spikeri sifatidagi dastlabki ikki yilidan soʻng, respublikachilar koʻpchilik 1996-yilgi saylovda qayta saylandi, bu 68 yil ichida birinchi marta respublikachilar va bir vaqtning oʻzida birinchi marta Demokratik prezident qayta saylanishda gʻalaba qozondi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Gingrich |first=Newt |date=February 3, 2011 |title=I've always supported an 'All the Above' energy policy |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703445904576117922236920088 |url-status=live |access-date=February 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017013059/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703445904576117922236920088 |archive-date=October 17, 2015}}</ref>.

==== Federal byudjetni muvozanatlash ====
[[Fayl:President_Bill_Clinton_and_Newt_Gingrich_in_Congressional_budget_meeting.jpg|right|thumb| Gingrich va Prezident [[Bill Clinton|Bill Klinton]] 1995-yil dekabr oyida Kongress byudjeti boʻyicha muzokaralar yigʻilishida]]
Amerika bilan 1994-yilgi shartnomaning asosiy jihati muvozanatli federal byudjet va'dasi edi. Hukumat yopilgandan soʻng, Gingrich va boshqa respublikachilar rahbarlari Kongress 1996-yilda muvozanatli byudjet loyihasini ishlab chiqa olmasligini tan oldilar. Buning oʻrniga, ular [[Oq uy]] tomonidan ma'qullangan ba'zi bir kichik qisqartirishlarni tasdiqlashni va keyingi saylov mavsumini kutishni afzal koʻrdilar<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Connolly |first=Ceci |date=January 25, 1996 |title=Gingrich concedes he can't force balanced budget in 1996 |work=St. Petersburg Times}}</ref>.

=== Hukumatning yopilishi ===
[[Fayl:Budget negotiations with congressional leadership - DPLA - ca041f8834764b2dd69875b8cb92d1ae.jpg|thumb| Senator Bob Doul, vitse-prezident Al Gor, Prezident Klinton va Gingrich 1995-yil dekabr oyida byudjet muzokaralari uchun yigʻilishdi.]]
Gingrich va kelayotgan respublikachi koʻpchilikning hukumat xarajatlari tezligini pasaytirish haqidagi va'dasi prezidentning Medicare, ta'lim, atrof- muhit va sogʻliqni saqlash boʻyicha kun tartibiga zid boʻlib, federal hukumatning jami 28 kunlik ikki marta vaqtincha yopilishiga olib keldi<ref name="fram">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Fram |first=Alan |date=November 13, 1995 |title=Clinton vetoes borrowing bill—government shutdown nears as rhetoric continues to roil |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19951113&slug=2152355 |url-status=live |access-date=March 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523001904/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19951113&slug=2152355 |archive-date=May 23, 2011}}</ref>.

=== Axloqiy ayblovlar va tanbehlar ===
[[Fayl:Clinton1997SOTU.jpg|thumb| Vitse-prezident Gor, Gingrich va Prezident Klintonning 1997-yildagi Murojaatnomasida]]
Demokratlar tomonidan Gingrichga spikerlik davrida sakson toʻrtta axloqiy ayblov qoʻyilgan. Oxir-oqibat, bittasidan tashqari barchasi bekor qilindi. Siyosiy maqsadlarda ishlaydigan kollej kursi uchun soliqdan ozod maqomiga da'vo qilish<ref name="curtawapo">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Anderson, Curt |date=October 11, 1998 |title=Ethics committee drops last of 84&nbsp;charges against Gingrich |work=The Washington Post |agency=Associated Press |url=https://washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/leadership/stories/101198.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000817053602/http://washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/leadership/stories/101198.htm |archive-date=August 17, 2000}}</ref>. 1997-yil 21-yanvarda Palata Gingrichga rasman tanbeh berdi<ref name="HSCE">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://ethics.house.gov/committee-report/matter-representative-newt-gingrich|sarlavha=In the Matter of Representative Newt Gingrich (Report 105-1)|sana=January 17, 1997|nashriyot=House Select Committee on Ethics|qaralgan sana=February 8, 2012|arxivsana=February 8, 2012|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208092402/http://ethics.house.gov/committee-report/matter-representative-newt-gingrich}}</ref><ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=John E. Yang |last2=Helen Dewar |name-list-style=amp |date=January 18, 1997 |title=Ethics Panel Supports Reprimand of Gingrich |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/leadership/stories/011897.htm |url-status=live |access-date=February 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209072632/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/leadership/stories/011897.htm |archive-date=February 9, 2012}}</ref><ref name="yang012297" />. Bu birinchi marta Spiker axloq qoidalarini buzgani uchun intizomiy jazoga tortildi<ref name="yang012297">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Yang |first=John E. |author-link=John Yang (journalist) |date=January 22, 1997 |title=House Reprimands, Penalizes Speaker |page=A1 |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/leadership/stories/012297.htm |url-status=live |access-date=September 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525123429/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/leadership/stories/012297.htm |archive-date=May 25, 2010}}</ref><ref name="clymer012297">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Clymer |first=Adam |date=January 22, 1997 |title=House, in a 395–28 vote, reprimands Gingrich |page=1 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/22/us/house-in-a-395-28-vote-reprimands-gingrich.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129014209/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/22/us/house-in-a-395-28-vote-reprimands-gingrich.html |archive-date=January 29, 2012}}</ref>.

Vaziyatga kelsak, Gingrich 1997-yil yanvar oyida shunday dedi: "Men oʻz nomimdan qoʻmitaga taqdim etilayotgan ma'lumotlarni sinchkovlik bilan yoʻnaltirish yoki koʻrib chiqish uchun etarlicha kuch sarflamadim. Mening nomimdan va mening imzom bilan qo‘mitaga noto‘g‘ri, to‘liq bo‘lmagan va ishonchsiz ma’lumotlar berildi, lekin men qo‘mitani chalg‘itmoqchi emas edim.&nbsp;. . . Men odamlarning o‘z hukumatiga bo‘lgan ishonchini zaiflashtirishi mumkin bo‘lgan mojaroni xalq uyiga tushirdim”<ref name="clymer122296">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Clymer |first=Adam |author-link=Adam Clymer |date=December 22, 1996 |title=Panel Concludes Gingrich Violated Rules on Ethics |work=The New York Times |url=http://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/1222gingrich-ethics.html?scp=1&sq=gingrich%20ethics&st=cse |url-status=live |access-date=January 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112215912/http://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/1222gingrich-ethics.html?scp=1&sq=gingrich%20ethics&st=cse |archive-date=January 12, 2012}}</ref>.
[[Fayl:Dick_Gephardt.jpg|thumb| Dik Gefardt Palata spikeri sifatida Gingrichni almashtirishga harakat qildi.]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

[[Turkum:Yashayotgan insonlar]]
[[Turkum:Asli Irlandiyalik amerikaliklar]]
[[Turkum:1943-yilda tugʻilganlar]]
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