Pareydoliya sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

[[Fayl:Martian face viking cropped.jpg|right|thumb|175px|[[Mars]] sirtidagi yassi togʻ bir burchakdan qaralganda odam yuzini eslatadi. Boshqa burchaklardan qaralganda esa bunday illuziya kuzatilmaydi.]]

'''Pareydoliya''' ([[yunon tili|yun.]] παρά, ''para'' — „yonida“, „oʻrniga“; εἴδωλον, ''eidolon'' — „shakl“, „surat“) [[psixologiya|psixologik]] fenomen boʻlib, noaniq shakl, tasvir yoki tovushlar orasida tanish belgilar uchratishda namoyon boʻladi. Pareydoliyaga bulutlarda turli hayvon yoki yuzlar koʻrish, gramplastinkalarni teskari oʻynaganda xuddi yashirin xabarlar va shivirlashlar eshitish misol boʻladi. Pareydoliya [[apofeniya]]ning bir turidir.

== Misollar ==
=== Diniy ===
Tabiiy jismlarda u yoki bu [[din]]ga goʻyoki aloqador tasvir va yozuvlarni tez-tez topib turishadi. Ularga asosan [[Iso]],<ref name="zusne">{{Kitob manbasi |last=Zusne |first=Leonard |coauthors=Warren H. Jones |title=Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking |publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates |year=1989 |isbn= 0-8058-0508-7 |pages=77–79 |url=http://books.google.com/books?isbn=0805805087 |accessdate=2007-04-06}}</ref> [[Maryam]] suratlari,<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/nyregion/in-a-tree-trunk-in-new-jersey-some-see-our-lady-of-guadalupe.html?hpw NY Times: "In New Jersey, a Knot in a Tree Trunk Draws the Faithful and the Skeptical" 23-iyul 2012-yil]</ref> [[Alloh]] soʻzi,<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi| first = Yahaya| last = Ibrahim| title = In Maiduguri, a tree with engraved name of God turns spot to a Mecca of sorts| date = 2011-01-02| url = http://sundaytrust.com.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5698:in-maiduguri-a-tree-with-engraved-name-of-god-turns-spot-to-a-mecca-of-sorts&catid=17:community-news-kanem-trust&Itemid=28| work = Sunday Trust| publisher = Media Trust Limited, Abuja| accessdate = 2012-03-21| archivedate = 2012-11-04| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104031545/http://sundaytrust.com.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5698:in-maiduguri-a-tree-with-engraved-name-of-god-turns-spot-to-a-mecca-of-sorts&catid=17:community-news-kanem-trust&Itemid=28}}</ref> yoki boshqa diniy ramzlar kiradi: 
masalan, 2007-yil sentabrida [[Singapur]]da topilgan bir daraxtdagi [[kallus]] izlari [[maymun]]ga oʻxshash ekanligini koʻrgan dindorlar buni „Maymun xudo“ ([[Sun Vukong]] yoki [[Hanuman]]) karomati, deb ovoza qilishdi.<ref name="Ng Hui Hui">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |url=http://newpaper.asia1.com.sg/printfriendly/0,4139,141806,00.html |author=Ng Hui Hui |title=Monkey See, Monkey Do? |publisher=''[[The New Paper]]'' |date=13-sentabr 2007-yil |pages=12–13 |seperator= |access-date=2012-08-28 |archivedate=2009-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503055039/http://newpaper.asia1.com.sg/printfriendly/0,4139,141806,00.html }}</ref>

Diniy belgilar atrofidagi shov-shuvlar ularning bozorda pullanishiga olib keldi. Masalan, [[eBay]] internet-kimoshdisida goʻyoki Maryam yuzi namoyon boʻlgan sendvich [[AQSh dollari|$]]28 mingga sotildi.<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4034787.stm |title='Virgin Mary' toast fetches $28,000 |publisher=BBC News |date=23-noyabr 2004-yil |accessdate=2006-10-27}}</ref>

=== Qazilmalar ===
1970-yillar oxiridan 1980-yillar boshlarigacha yapon tadqiqotchisi [[Chonosuke Okamura]] „Okamura Qazilma Laboratoriyasi Bayonoti“ nomi ostida bayonotlar tizmasini oʻz hisobidan chop etib kelgan. Bu bayonotlarda u [[Silur davri]]ga (425 mln yil avval) oid bir toshni oʻrgangani, unda mitti odam, it, ajdar va boshqa organizmlarni goʻyoki topganini yozgan (aslida bu izlar tosh yoriqlari va aralashmalari edi), „Silur davridan beri odam oʻzgarmagan… faqatgina 3,5 mm dan 1,7 metrgacha kattalashgan,“ degan xulosaga kelgan.<ref>{{veb manbasi |url=http://improbable.com/airchives/paperair/volume6/v6i6/okamura-6-6.html |last=Spamer |first=E. |title=Chonosuke Okamura, Visionary |publisher=Academy of Natural Sciences |location=Philadelphia |accessdate=2012-08-28 |archivedate=2015-11-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118021705/http://www.improbable.com/airchives/paperair/volume6/v6i6/okamura-6-6.html }} {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118021705/http://www.improbable.com/airchives/paperair/volume6/v6i6/okamura-6-6.html |date=2015-11-18 }} archived at [http://improbable.com/ Improbable Research]</ref><ref>{{Kitob manbasi | title=The earwig's tail: a modern bestiary of multi-legged legends | url=https://archive.org/details/earwigstailmoder0000bere | first=May | last=Berenbaum | publisher=Harvard University Press | year=2009 | isbn=0-674-03540-2 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/earwigstailmoder0000bere/page/72 72]–73 }}</ref> Okamura'ning bu tadqiqoti jiddiy olimlar tomonidan mazax qilinib, unga [[Ig Nobel mukofoti]] ([[Nobel mukofoti]] parodiyasi) keltirdi.<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2004/mar/16/highereducation.research |title=Tiny tall tales: Marc Abrahams uncovers the minute, but astonishing, evidence of our fossilised past |author=Marc Abrahams | authorlink=Marc Abrahams |publisher=The Guardian |date=2004-03-16 | location=London}}</ref>

=== Psixologik test ===
{{main|Rorschach testi}}
[[Rorschach testi]] pareydoliya orqali shaxsning ruhiy holatini aniqlashga urinadi. Bu testlarda „yoʻnaltirilgan pareydoliya“ ishlatiladi, chunki test tasvirlari atayin hech nimaga oʻxshamaydigan qilib chizilgan.<ref name="zusne"/>

=== Elektron ovoz fenomeni ===
[[Konstantīns Raudive]] 1971-yili yozgan ''Breakthrough'' nomli ishida vafot etganlar ovozini magnitofon tasmasiga yozib olganini iddao etadi. Buni u [[elektron ovoz fenomeni]] (EOF) deb nomlaydi. EOF tovush pareydoliyasi, deb izohlangan.<ref name="zusne"/>

== Izohlar ==
[[Fayl:Fakeface.svg|thumb|175px|right|Ushbu tasvir haqiqiy yuzga oʻxshamasa-da, koʻpchilik unda darhol yuzni koʻradi.]]
[[Carl Sagan]] gipotezasiga koʻra pareydoliya odam yuzini taniy bilish refleksiga bogʻliq. [[Evolutsiya]] natijasida odamlar biror aftni tanish uchun minimal qismlarga eʼtibor berishi instinkti rivojlangan, lekin buning boshqa samaralari aslida chehra boʻlmagan jismlarda ham yuz topishga olib keladi.<ref>{{Kitob manbasi |last=Sagan |first=Carl |title=The Demon-Haunted World - Science as a Candle in the Dark |url=https://archive.org/details/demonhauntedworl0000unse |publisher=Random House |year=1995 |location=New York |isbn=0-394-53512-X}}</ref> Yuzlarni ajrata bilish doʻst-dushmanni farqlash uchun kerak. Ushbu evolutsiyaviy bosim pareydoliyani ham keltirib chiqargan.<ref name="recog">{{Yangiliklar manbasi|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/13/health/psychology/13face.html|title=Facial Recognition - Brain - Faces, Faces Everywhere|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=3-iyul 2010-yil | work=The New York Times | first=Elizabeth | last=Svoboda | date=2007-02-13}}</ref>

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

== Havolalar ==
* [http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/featured/33-creepiest-clouds-on-earth/1515 Bulut pareydoliyasi] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013143627/http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/featured/33-creepiest-clouds-on-earth/1515 |date=2009-10-13 }}
* [http://www.yoism.org/?q=node/129 Diniy pareydoliya] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109043105/https://www.yoism.org/?q=node%2F129 |date=2020-11-09 }}
{{Commons turkum|Pareidolia|Pareydoliya}}


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