Waiheke sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

'''Waiheke''' ({{lang-en|Waiheke Island}} — [[Yangi Zelandiya|Yangi Zelandiyadagi]] orol. Maʼmuriy jihatdan Auckland regioni tarkibiga kiradi.
== Geografiyasi ==
[[Fayl:Waiheke_landsat_7_27_August_2002.JPG|left|thumb| Orolning kosmosdan olingan tasviri]]
[[Fayl:Oneroa.jpg|left|thumb| Oneroa ko'rfazi.]]
Waiheke oroli Hauraki koʻrfazida, Yangi Zelandiyaning [[Oklend (shahar)|Oklend]] shahridan taxminan 18 km uzoqlikda joylashgan. Orolning maydoni 92 km² boʻlib, u koʻrfazdagi ikkinchi yirik (''Great Barrier''dan keyin) orol hisoblanadi. Orolning uzunligi — 26 km, kengligi — 19 km<ref name="aucklandcity">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/Auckland/introduction/Hauraki/default.asp#waiheke|sarlavha=Waiheke Island|nashriyot=Auckland City Council|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128094135/http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/introduction/hauraki/default.asp#waiheke|arxivsana=2011-01-28}}</ref>.

Waiheke yuzasi qirlardan iborat. Eng baland nuqtasi ''Maunganui togʻi'' 231 m. boʻlib, u orolning janubiy qismida joylashgan. Orolning sohili asosan tik, baland qoyalardan tashkil topgan. Waiheke orolining shimoliy qirgʻogʻida bir nechta qumli plyajlar va tik qoyalar mavjud. Janubiy qirgʻogʻi koʻrfazlar, keng [[vattlar]] va botqoqlardan iborat<ref name="Halcrow51">{{Статья|title=The Geology of Waiheke Island, Auckland|url=http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_84/rsnz_84_01_000550.html|archive-date=2008-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508142919/http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_84/rsnz_84_01_000550.html}}</ref>.

Geologik jihatdan orolning asosiy jinslari [[Perm sistemasi|Perm]] - [[Grauvakka|Trias]] [[Trias sistemasi|davridagi]] qotib qolgan [[qumtosh]] va [[Argillitlar|loy toshlaridir]]<ref name="Halcrow51">{{Статья|title=The Geology of Waiheke Island, Auckland|url=http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_84/rsnz_84_01_000550.html|archive-date=2008-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508142919/http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_84/rsnz_84_01_000550.html}}</ref>. Waihekening oʻzi [[Miotsen boʻlimi|Miosen]] boshida shakllangani taxmin qilinadi<ref name="Halcrow67">{{Статья|title=The Geology of Waiheke Island, Auckland|url=http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_84/rsnz_84_01_000550.html|archive-date=2008-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508142919/http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_84/rsnz_84_01_000550.html}}</ref>.

Orolning flora va faunasi xilma-xildir. Waihekening janubida joylashgan Fakanef bogʻi qirgʻoq boʻyidagi taraire, kohekohe va kanuka daraxtlari oʻsadigan oʻrmonlari bilan mashhur. Keng suvli, botqoqli yerlarda koʻplab qushlar, shu jumladan <nowiki><i>bittern</i></nowiki>, <nowiki><i>Hypotaenidia philippensis</i></nowiki>, ''Charadrius obscurus'' qushlari uchraydi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.arc.govt.nz/albany/main/parks/our-parks/parks-in-the-region/whakanewha/|sarlavha=Whakanewha|nashriyot=Auckland Regional Council|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676UrBbk1?url=http://www.arc.govt.nz/albany/main/parks/our-parks/parks-in-the-region/whakanewha/|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref>.

Waihekening janubi-sharqiy qismida Te Matuku dengiz qoʻriqxonasi joylashgan. U Te Matuku koʻrfazini va Waiheke boʻgʻozining bir qismini oʻz ichiga oladi. U yerdagi yashash muhitining turlichaligi qoʻriqxonaning ahamiyatini oshiradi<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/marine-and-coastal/marine-protected-areas/marine-reserves-a-z/te-matuku/facts/|sarlavha=Te Matuku Marine Reserve. Facts|nashriyot=New Zealand Department of Conservation|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519010720/http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/marine-and-coastal/marine-protected-areas/marine-reserves-a-z/te-matuku/facts/|arxivsana=2010-05-19}}</ref>.

== Tarixi ==
[[Fayl:Matiatia-closeup.jpg|thumb| Oroldagi parom terminali.]]
[[Fayl:Stony_Batter_Waiheke_Vineyards.jpg|thumb| Oroldagi uzumzorlar.]]
[[Fayl:NZ-StonyBatter3.jpg|thumb| Waihekedagi artilleriya xandaqlaridan biri.]]
Orolning tub aholisi Yangi Zelandiyaning [[Maorilar|maori]] xalqi vakillari, yaʼni Te-uri-karaka qabilasi hisoblanadi. Ular dastlab yarim koʻchmanchi turmush tarzini olib borishgan, baliqchilik bilan shugʻullanishgan, lekin asta-sekin oʻtroq turmush tarziga va [[Qishloq xoʻjaligi|qishloq xoʻjaligini]] rivojlantirishga oʻtishgan<ref name="aucklandcitylibraries">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.aucklandcitylibraries.com/populartopics/resourcepages/localhistory/suburbhistories/waiheke.aspx|sarlavha=Waiheke local history|nashriyot=Auckland City Libraries|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676Usr6El?url=http://www.aucklandcitylibraries.com/populartopics/resourcepages/localhistory/suburbhistories/waiheke.aspx|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref>. Koʻp sonli arxeologik topilmalar, jumladan, istehkomlar yoki pa, orolga Te-uri-karaka qabilasi taxminan 1000 yil oldin kelib joylasha boshlaganini koʻrsatadi<ref name="island_information">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.waihekenz.com/waiheke_island_information.html|sarlavha=About Waiheke Island|nashriyot=Tourism Auckland. Waiheke Island|qaralgan sana=|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676UvI4pZ?url=http://waiheke.aucklandnz.com/|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref>. Ushbu voqeadan koʻp oʻtmay, [[Polineziya|polineziyalik]] sayohatchi Toining [[Kanoe|kanoesi]] Waiheke oroli qirgʻoqlari oldida paydo boʻladi. Toining yordamchilari Toi va uning jamoasi orolga kelgani sharafiga uyushtirilgan bazmda Te-uri-karakalar tomonidan oʻldirilgan. Shundan soʻng Toi orol ustidan nazoratni qoʻlga kiritdi va mahalliy aholidan oʻch oldi. Taxminan oʻsha vaqtlardan orol birinchi marta Te Motu-arai-roa deb nomlana boshladi (Maori tilidan tarjimasi: ''"uzun boshpana orol"'')<ref name="aucklandcitylibraries" />.

Taxminan [[XIV asr|XIV asrda]] Waiheke Coromandel yarimorolida yashovchi Ngati-Huarere qabilasi tomonidan bosib olingan. [[XVIII asr|XVIII asrda]] orolda hukmron qatlam boʻlgan Ngati Paoa qabilasi vakillari joylashdilar. [[XIX asr|XIX asrga kelib]], Waiheke aholisi 1000 kishiga yaqinlashdi<ref name="island_information">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.waihekenz.com/waiheke_island_information.html|sarlavha=About Waiheke Island|nashriyot=Tourism Auckland. Waiheke Island|qaralgan sana=|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676UvI4pZ?url=http://waiheke.aucklandnz.com/|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref>. Biroq 1821-yilda Ngapuxi qabilasi boshligʻining tahdidi tufayli orol aholisining koʻp qismi qochib ketdi va mojaro bartaraf etilgandan keyingina qaytib keldi. 1830-yilga kelib aholi soni 500 ga yaqin edi<ref name="island_information" />.

Birinchi yevropaliklar orolga 1801-yilda, ''The Royal Admiral'' ekipaji orolning shimoliy qirgʻogʻi xaritasini tuzganida kirib kelgan. Taxminan shu vaqtlarda orol ''Waiheke'' nomi bilan tilga tushib ulgurdi (maori tilidan ''"suvlar" deb'' tarjima qilinadi)<ref name="island_information">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.waihekenz.com/waiheke_island_information.html|sarlavha=About Waiheke Island|nashriyot=Tourism Auckland. Waiheke Island|qaralgan sana=|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676UvI4pZ?url=http://waiheke.aucklandnz.com/|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref>.[[XIX asr|XIX asrning boshlarida]], birinchi navbatda, orolda mavjud boʻlgan qimmatbaho daraxt turlarini (asosan kauri) kesish bilan shugʻullanadigan birinchi yevropalik mustamlakachilar paydo boʻla boshladilar. Shunga qaramay, asrning oʻrtalariga kelib, oʻrmon qismining deyarli butunlay yoʻq qilinishi sababli daraxt kesish toʻxtatildi<ref name="aucklandcitylibraries">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.aucklandcitylibraries.com/populartopics/resourcepages/localhistory/suburbhistories/waiheke.aspx|sarlavha=Waiheke local history|nashriyot=Auckland City Libraries|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676Usr6El?url=http://www.aucklandcitylibraries.com/populartopics/resourcepages/localhistory/suburbhistories/waiheke.aspx|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref>. 1838-yilda Waihekening sharqiy qismi Tomas Maksvell tomonidan sotib olindi va 1845-yilga kelib yevropalik aholi soni 45 nafarga yetdi. Keyingi yillarda aholining aksariyati Temza va [[Oklend (shahar)|Oklend]] aholisi uchun mashhur dam olish maskaniga aylangan sharqiy sohilga joylashdi. Orolning gʻarbiy qismida, asosan, maorilar, shuningdek, yevropalik dehqonlar oʻtroqlashgan<ref name="aucklandcity">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/Auckland/introduction/Hauraki/default.asp#waiheke|sarlavha=Waiheke Island|nashriyot=Auckland City Council|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128094135/http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/introduction/hauraki/default.asp#waiheke|arxivsana=2011-01-28}}</ref>. XIX asr oxirida orolda [[marganets]] rudasini qazib olish ishlari boshlandi<ref name="Britannica">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/634115/Waiheke-Island|sarlavha=Waiheke Island|nashriyot=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676UtVmNB?url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/634115/Waiheke-Island|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref>.

[[Ikkinchi jahon urushi|Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida]] Waiheke Oklend shahri qirgʻoq mudofaasi tizimining bir qismi edi. U davrda orolda beton artilleriya xandaqlari, shuningdek, orolning sharqiy qismida ''"Toshli Batter"'' deb nomlangan labirintlar tizimi qurilgan<ref name="aucklandcity">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/Auckland/introduction/Hauraki/default.asp#waiheke|sarlavha=Waiheke Island|nashriyot=Auckland City Council|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128094135/http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/auckland/introduction/hauraki/default.asp#waiheke|arxivsana=2011-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/historic/by-region/auckland/auckland-area/stony-batter-historic-reserve-waiheke-island/counter-bombardment-battery/|sarlavha=Counter bombardment battery|nashriyot=New Zealand Department of Conservation|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813204803/http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/historic/by-region/auckland/auckland-area/stony-batter-historic-reserve-waiheke-island/counter-bombardment-battery/|arxivsana=2009-08-13}}</ref>.

Urush soʻngida Waiheke aholisi 835 kishi edi. Oʻsha vaqtga kelib, yagona mahalliy oʻzini oʻzi boshqarish organlari [[1921|1921-yilda]] tashkil etilgan Avtomobil yoʻllari boshqarmalari edi. [[1947|1947-yilda]] Oklend shahar kengashi orolni shahar tarkibiga kiritish tashabbusi bilan chiqdi, biroq mahalliy aholi bunga qarshi boʻldi<ref name="aucklandcitylibraries">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.aucklandcitylibraries.com/populartopics/resourcepages/localhistory/suburbhistories/waiheke.aspx|sarlavha=Waiheke local history|nashriyot=Auckland City Libraries|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676Usr6El?url=http://www.aucklandcitylibraries.com/populartopics/resourcepages/localhistory/suburbhistories/waiheke.aspx|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref>. Shunday boʻlsa-da, orol izolyatsiya qilinganiga qaramay, Waiheke infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish davom etdi: 1947-yilda orolda birinchi bank va mahalliy gazeta paydo boʻldi, [[1948|1948-yilda]] Oklendga [[Parom|parom qatnovi]], [[1949|1949-yilda]] telefon xizmati yoʻlga qoʻyildi. [[1955|1955-yilga]] kelib orol aholisi 2144 kishiga yetdi va [[1970|1970-yilda]] Waiheke okrug kengashi tuzilib, u mahalliy aholini oʻzini oʻzi boshqarish sharoiti bilan taʼminladi<ref name="aucklandcitylibraries" />. Biroq, [[1989|1989-yilda]] kengash Oklend shahar kengashi bilan birlashtirildi. Bu holat Yangi Zelandiyaning eng yirik shahri aholisi orasida orolning mashhurligini oshirdi va orolda aholining sezilarli darajada koʻpayishiga olib keldi. Shu bilan birga, mahalliy [[Turizm|turizmni]], shuningdek, [[Vinochilik|vinochilikni]] rivojlantirishga kuchli turtki berdi (Waihekeda birinchi uzumzor [[1977|1977-yilda]] paydo boʻlgan)<ref name="aucklandcitylibraries" />.

Orol hozirda asosiy kurort va Oklendliklar uchun dam olish maskani hisoblanadi<ref name="Britannica">{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/634115/Waiheke-Island|sarlavha=Waiheke Island|nashriyot=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676UtVmNB?url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/634115/Waiheke-Island|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref>.

== Aholisi ==
2006-yilgi aholini roʻyxatga olish maʼlumotlariga koʻra, 7689<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHomePage/QuickStats/AboutAPlace/SnapShot.aspx?id=3520801&type=au&ParentID=1000002&expand=2000007&scrollLeft=0&scrollTop=0&ss=y|sarlavha=QuickStats About Waiheke Island|nashriyot=Statistics New Zealand|qaralgan sana=5-aprel 2010-yil|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676UuIzaY?url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHomePage/QuickStats/AboutAPlace/SnapShot.aspx?id=3520801|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref> nafar aholi bilan Waiheke Hauraki koʻrfazidagi eng koʻp aholili orollar orasida [[Shimoliy orol|Shimoliy]] va [[Janubiy orol]]lardan keyin uchinchi oʻrinda<ref name="island_information">{{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.waihekenz.com/waiheke_island_information.html|sarlavha=About Waiheke Island|nashriyot=Tourism Auckland. Waiheke Island|qaralgan sana=|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676UvI4pZ?url=http://waiheke.aucklandnz.com/|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref>. Aholining asosiy qismi yoki 82% yevropaliklar; 12,3% [[Maorilar]]<ref>{{Veb manbasi|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHomePage/QuickStats/AboutAPlace/SnapShot.aspx?type=au&ParentID=1000002&ss=y&tab=Culturaldiversity&id=3520801|sarlavha=QuickStats About Waiheke Island. Ethnic groups, birthplace and languages spoken|nashriyot=Statistics New Zealand|qaralgan sana=|til=inglizcha|arxivurl=https://www.webcitation.org/676UwC149?url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHomePage/QuickStats/AboutAPlace/SnapShot.aspx?type=au|arxivsana=2012-04-22}}</ref>. Eng yirik aholi punkti — Oneroa.

== Manbalar ==

[[Turkum:Yangi Zelandiya orollari]]